Panoramic virtual reality video (PVRV) is becoming increasingly popular since it offers a true immersive experience. However, the ultra-high resolution of PVRV requires significant bandwidth and ...ultra-low latency for PVRV streaming, something that makes challenging the extension of this application to mobile networks. Besides bandwidth, the frequent perspective viewport rendering induces a heavy computational load on battery-constrained mobile devices. To attack these problems jointly, this paper proposes a PVRV streaming system that is designed for modern multiconnectivity-based millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular networks in conjunction with mobile edge computing (MEC). First, mmWave is deployed to support the high bandwidth needs of PVRV streaming. Next, the multiple mmWave links that tend to suffer from outages are coupled with a sub-6 GHz link to ensure disruption-free wireless communication. With the help of an MEC server, the tradeoff among link adaptation, transcoding-based chunk quality adaptation, and viewport rendering offloading is sought to improve the wireless bandwidth utilization and mobile device's energy efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can improve the streaming performance in both energy efficiency and the quality of received viewport over the state-of-the-art schemes.
F-53B, the commercial product of chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids (Cl-PFESAs), has been used in Chinese chrome plating industry for 30 years, and was recently identified in the ...environment, which caused great concerns. So far, limited investigations have been performed on their environmental occurrence, fate and impact. In this study, we demonstrated the wide occurrence of Cl-PFESAs and their trophic transfer behavior in marine organisms from Chinese Bohai Sea. 6:2 Cl-PFESA (<0.016–0.575 ng/g wet weight) was the dominant congener, and 8:2 Cl-PFESA (<0.022–0.040 ng/g) was occasionally detected. Compared to other perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) of concern, the levels of Cl-PFESAs were relatively lower in marine organisms. Based on the comparative analysis of Cl-PFESA contamination in mollusk samples collected in 2010–2014, both the concentrations and detection frequencies of Cl-PFESAs tended to increase in this region. And this kind of chemicals were more vulnerable to be accumulated in marine organisms at relatively higher trophic levels. Similar to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and the long chain perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs), 6:2 Cl-PFESA could be magnified along the food chain. Accordingly, the potential threat might be posed to the wildlife and human beings due to unintended exposure to Cl-PFESAs.
Medium/high entropy alloys have some excellent properties, such as high strength, high plasticity, high toughness, high wear resistance, etc., which are better than those of traditional metal alloys. ...The mechanical properties of medium/high entropy alloys have always been the focus of academic research, but research on their interface mechanical behaviors is still missing. In this paper, we have designed a fretting friction and wear testing system, whose accuracy has been verified. A series of friction experiments have been carried out on the medium entropy alloy–steel friction pair. The friction responses have been investigated, and the factors affecting the friction coefficient have been revealed. Results show that the friction coefficient increases with the increase in the maximum horizontal displacement and decreases with the increase in the normal pressure. The sliding velocity and the normal load together affect the friction coefficient between the friction pairs. Compared with the commonly used titanium alloy and nickel alloy, the friction coefficient between the medium entropy alloy–steel friction pair is smaller during the fretting cycle process. Despite the experimental results, a theoretical model is also proposed to qualitatively explain the corresponding experimental phenomena. Our research sheds light on revealing the interfacial mechanical properties of the medium entropy alloy and provides a basis for tribological design and its internal mechanism.
Gliomas are the most common malignant tumors of the brain. Immune checkpoints have been increasingly emphasized as targets for treating malignant tumors. B7‐H3 has been identified as an immune ...checkpoint that shows potential value for targeting therapies. We set out to characterize the expression pattern and biological function of B7‐H3 in brain gliomas using high‐throughput data obtained from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) projects. B7‐H3 was upregulated more in higher‐grade gliomas than that in lower‐grade gliomas in both CGGA and TCGA datasets. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation seemed to exert significant influence on B7‐H3 expression in gliomas but led to quite different results between grade II gliomas and higher‐grade gliomas. In addition to IDH, methylation of B7‐H3 promoter and microRNA‐29 family also showed a potential regulatory effect on B7‐H3 expression. Gene ontology analysis revealed that B7‐H3 was associated with mitotic cell cycle, cell proliferation and immune response. Further investigation suggested that B7‐H3 was mostly involved in the Toll‐like receptor signaling pathway. Survival analysis indicated that B7‐H3 was an independent unfavorable prognosticator for glioma patients in both CGGA and TCGA datasets. B7‐H3 expression is regulated by multiple mechanisms and is potentially involved in the T‐cell receptor signaling pathway. Higher B7‐H3 expression indicates a worse prognosis for glioma patients, which warrants further research into the development of inhibitors for targeting this immune checkpoint, but we still need to be cautious about immune checkpoint inhibition for central nervous system tumors.
B7‐H3 expression is regulated by multiple mechanisms and is mainly involved in the T‐cell receptor signaling pathway. Higher B7‐H3 expression indicates worse prognosis for glioma patients, which warrants further research into the development of inhibitors for targeting this immune checkpoint, but we still need to be cautious about immune checkpoint inhibition for central nervous system tumors.
Transmembrane 4 L six family member 1 (TM4SF1) is upregulated in several epithelial cancers and is closely associated with poor prognosis. However, the role of TM4SF1 and its potential mechanism in ...colorectal cancer (CRC) remain elusive.
We investigated the expression of TM4SF1 in the Oncomine, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and confirmed the results by immunohistochemistry (IHC), qPCR and Western blotting (WB) of CRC tissues. The effect of TM4SF1 on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness of CRC cells was investigated by Transwell, wound healing and sphere formation assays. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to reveal the mechanisms by which TM4SF1 modulates EMT and cancer stemness in CRC.
TM4SF1 expression was markedly higher in CRC tissues than in non-tumour tissues and was positively correlated with poor prognosis. Downregulation of TM4SF1 inhibited the migration, invasion and tumour sphere formation of SW480 and LoVo cells. Conversely, TM4SF1 overexpression significantly enhanced the migration, invasion and tumoursphere formation potential of CRC cells, Additionally, TM4SF1 silencing inhibited the EMT mediated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Mechanistically, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) predicted that the Wnt signalling pathway was one of the most impaired pathways in TM4SF1-deficient CRC cells compared to controls. The results were further validated by WB, which revealed that TM4SF1 modulated SOX2 expression in a Wnt/β-catenin activation-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that knockdown of TM4SF1 suppressed the expression of c-Myc, leading to decreased c-Myc binding to the SOX2 gene promoter. Finally, depletion of TM4SF1 inhibited metastasis and tumour growth in a xenograft mouse model.
Our study substantiates a novel mechanism by which TM4SF1 maintains cancer cell stemness and EMT via the Wnt/β-catenin/c-Myc/SOX2 axis during the recurrence and metastasis of CRC.
As the advanced functional materials, silver nanoparticles are potentially useful in various fields such as photoelectric, bio-sensing, catalysis, antibacterial and other fields, which are mainly ...based on their various properties. However, the properties of silver nanoparticles are usually determined by their size, shape, and surrounding medium, which can be modulated by various synthesis methods. In this review, the fabrication methods for synthesizing silver nanoparticles of different shapes and specific size are illustrated in detail. Besides, the corresponding properties and applications of silver nanoparticles are also discussed in this paper.
Aromatic‐imide‐based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with a twisted donor–acceptor–donor skeleton were efficiently synthesized and exhibited excellent thermal stability and ...high photoluminescence quantum yields. The small ΔEST value (<0.1 eV) along with the clear temperature‐dependent delayed component of their transient photoluminescence (PL) spectra demonstrated their excellent TADF properties. Moreover, the performance of organic light‐emitting diodes in which TADF materials AI‐Cz and AI‐TBCz were used as dopants were outstanding, with external quantum efficiencies up to 23.2 and 21.1 %, respectively.
No apologies for this delay: Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with a twisted donor–acceptor–donor skeleton have been developed with an N‐phenylphthalimide acceptor moiety (see structure). They exhibit small ΔEST values (<0.1 eV) and excellent TADF properties. Organic light‐emitting diodes fabricated with these materials had a high external quantum efficiency of up to 21.1 and 23.2 %.
Phase sensitive soft-x-ray microscopy methods enable the study of specimens for which phase effects are a prevalent contrast mechanism. One way to detect these phase effects is to optically implement ...the radial Hilbert transform by using spiral zone plates (SZPs), which results in the isotropic measurement of the amplitude and phase gradient in a sample. Soft-x-ray microscopy using an SZP as a single element objective lens was demonstrated through the imaging of a 1 microm circular aperture at a wavelength of 2.73 nm(454 eV). A regular zone plate, a charge 1 SZP, and a charge 2 SZP were fabricated using electron beam lithography and were used as the imaging optic in the microscopy setup. The charge 1 and charge 2 SZP images exhibited isotropic edge enhancement as a result of radial Hilbert filtering.
Low-grade gliomas almost invariably progress into secondary glioblastoma (sGBM) with limited therapeutic option and poorly understood mechanism. By studying the mutational landscape of 188 sGBMs, we ...find significant enrichment of TP53 mutations, somatic hypermutation, MET-exon-14-skipping (METex14), PTPRZ1-MET (ZM) fusions, and MET amplification. Strikingly, METex14 frequently co-occurs with ZM fusion and is present in ∼14% of cases with significantly worse prognosis. Subsequent studies show that METex14 promotes glioma progression by prolonging MET activity. Furthermore, we describe a MET kinase inhibitor, PLB-1001, that demonstrates remarkable potency in selectively inhibiting MET-altered tumor cells in preclinical models. Importantly, this compound also shows blood-brain barrier permeability and is subsequently applied in a phase I clinical trial that enrolls MET-altered chemo-resistant glioma patients. Encouragingly, PLB-1001 achieves partial response in at least two advanced sGBM patients with rarely significant side effects, underscoring the clinical potential for precisely treating gliomas using this therapy.
Display omitted
•Characterization of the mutational landscape of secondary glioblastoma•Clonal and subclonal METex14 promote glioma progression and mark worse prognosis•PLB-1001 is a highly selective, efficient, and BBB-permeable MET kinase inhibitor•PLB-1001 provides a safe and efficacious therapeutic approach for glioma treatment
A new MET inhibitor shows preliminary efficacy for treatment of patients with secondary glioblastoma.
This paper aims to improve the accuracy and applicability of gas diffusion mathematical models from coal particles. Firstly, a new constitutive model for gas diffusion from coal particles with ...tri-disperse pore structure is constructed by considering the difference in characteristics between soft coal and hard coal. The analytical solution is then derived, that is, the quantitative relationship between gas diffusion rate (Qt/Q1) and diffusion time (t). The pore structure parameters of soft coal and hard coal from Juji coal mine are determined. Gas diffusion rules are numerically calculated and investigated by physical simulation methods. Lastly, the applicability of this model is verified. The results show that the homogeneous model only applies to the gas diffusion process of hard coal during the initial 10 min. The calculation results from this model and the physical experimental results of soft coal and hard coal are nearly identical during the initial 30 min.
PDF
