Forecasting vessel flows is important to the development of intelligent transportation systems in the maritime field, as real-time and accurate traffic information has favorable potential in helping ...a maritime authority to alleviate congestion, mitigate emission of GHG (greenhouse gases) and enhance public safety, as well as assisting individual vessel users to plan better routes and reduce additional costs due to delays. In this paper, we propose three deep learning-based solutions to forecast the inflow and outflow of vessels within a given region, including a convolutional neural network (CNN), a long short-term memory (LSTM) network, and the integration of a bidirectional LSTM network with a CNN (BDLSTM-CNN). To apply those solutions, we first divide the given maritime region into M × N grids, then we forecast the inflow and outflow for all the grids. Experimental results based on the real AIS (Automatic Identification System) data of marine vessels in Singapore demonstrate that the three deep learning-based solutions significantly outperform the conventional method in terms of mean absolute error and root mean square error, with the performance of the BDLSTM-CNN-based hybrid solution being the best.
The identification of ship collision risks is an important element in maritime safety and management. The concept of the ship domain has also been studied and developed since it was proposed. ...Considering the existing trend that the ship domain is increasingly widely used in collision risk-related research, a new domain-oriented collision risk factor, i.e., the current state of domain (CSD), is introduced in this paper, which can effectively reflect the current state and show a certain predictability of collision risk from the perspective of the ship domain. To further prove the rationality of the CSD, a series of different simulations consisting of three typical encounter scenarios were conducted, verifying the superiority of the proposed parameter.
Although numerous studies have investigated that atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can be toxic to environmental organisms, the research on the reproductive toxicity of PM2.5 is limited, ...and the key toxic components and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this work, PM2.5 samples of four seasons in Nanjing from March 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022 were collected and the chemical components were analyzed. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was employed to conduct the toxicological testing. The reproductive toxicity of PM2.5 to C. elegans in different seasons was evaluated by multiple reproductive endpoints. Exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 significantly decreased the brood size and the number of fertilized eggs in utero. PM2.5 exposure also increased the number of germ cell corpses and caused abnormal expression of apoptosis-related genes (ced-9, ced-4, and ced-3), which confirmed that PM2.5 induced germline apoptosis. In addition, PM2.5 exposure significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans and the fluorescence intensity of HUS-1 protein in of transgenic strain WS1433. Meanwhile, the expression of genes related to DNA damage (cep-1, clk-2, egl-1, and hus-1) and oxidative stress (mev-1, isp-1, and gas-1) also significantly altered in C. elegans, suggesting induction of DNA damage and oxidative stress. According to Pearson correlation analyses, DNA damage and oxidative stress were significantly correlated with multiple reproductive endpoints in C. elegans. Thus, it was speculated that PM2.5 caused reproductive dysfunction and germ cell apoptosis in C. elegans may be by inducing ROS and DNA damage. In addition, heavy metals in PM2.5 were significantly correlated with multiple endpoints at physiological and biochemical, suggesting that the heavy metals might be an important contributor to the reproductive toxicity induced by PM2.5.
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•PM2.5 exposure resulted in reproductive toxicity in C. elegans.•The decreased fecundity of C. elegans was related to germline apoptosis.•DNA damage and oxidative stress contributed to PM2.5 reproductive toxicity.•Heavy metal contributed greatly to the reproductive toxicity of PM2.5
The objective of the present investigation was to explore the possible effect of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist tropisetron on the expression levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin 6 (IL-6), ...creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), soluble growth stimulating gene 2 protein (sST2) and immunoglobulin E (IgE), as well as the cardiac action potential in septic rats.
The cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) method was utilized to construct abdominal infarction in rats. A total of 68 male adult Sprague Dawley rats were used, including 40 for assessing survival and 28 for detecting the expression levels of IL-6 and IgE, myocardial injury, cardiac dysfunction and the cardiac action potential. These 28 rats were divided into the sham (6 rats), sham + Tropisetron (6 rats), CLP (8 rats) and CLP + Tropisetron (8 rats) groups. Twenty-four hours after establishment of the sepsis rat model, immunohistochemistry was used to analyze 5-HT3 receptor protein expression, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to monitor the serum levels of IL-6, CKMB, sST2 and IgE. Furthermore, the structure of the myocardium in various groups was examined by H&E staining.
The levels of IL-6, CK-MB, sST2 and IgE in the sepsis group were significantly higher than those of the sham group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the heart rate in the sepsis group was lower than that of the sham group (P < 0.01), and the time of atrial ventricular action potential in the sepsis group was longer than that of the sham group (P < 0.05). In addition, immunohistochemical analyses showed that the area, intensity and index of 5-HT3 receptor in the sepsis group were significantly lower than those of the sham group (P < 0.01). Importantly, the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist Tropisetron exhibited significant inhibitory effects IL-6, CK-MB, sST2 and IgE expression levels, and inductive effects on atrial ventricular action potential in the sepsis group.
Sepsis leads to systemic inflammatory reaction, resulting in myocardial injury, structural changes and immune imbalance. The inhibitory effect of tropisetron on inflammation, and the regulatory inflammatory disorder by the efferent vagus nerve may be one of the important mechanisms leading to cardiac electrophysiological changes in sepsis.
The port waterway network plays an important role in the organization and management of port ship traffic. Due to limited ship operations, conflicts, congestion, and safety issues often arise in port ...waters. Conflicts between ships can be predicted by collision detection between ships. A novel collision detection algorithm for trajectory pairs is proposed by introducing variable time interval variables. In addition, to improve the overall accuracy of trajectory compression and reduce redundant calculation in collision detection, a multi-factor Douglas-Peucker algorithm adapted to ship trajectory compression is proposed with the consideration of speed and turn constraints. The maximum speed difference of the algorithm is increased by 1.5–2.5%, and the average speed difference increased by 2.0–4.5%. Based on the method mentioned above, the risk assessment framework of maritime collision is established and the risk situation of the waters near Ningbo Zhoushan Port is evaluated and analyzed by using ship historical track data.
Abstract
Background
Woven coronary artery (WCA) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly in which a part of epicardial coronary artery is divided into thin channels, that twist along the axis of the ...coronary arteries and then merge again as the main coronary lumen. This anomaly is regarded as a benign condition because the blood flow is normal. Very few cases of WCA have been reported.
Case presentation
Herein we report a case of a 44-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital due to 20 years of repeated episodes of heart palpitations, 2 years of shortness of breath after activity, and the symptoms were aggravated for 1 month. He had history of inferior myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation. Color Doppler echocardiography revealed rheumatic heart disease, severe mitral regurgitation, mild-moderate tricuspid regurgitation, moderate pulmonary hypertension. Coronary angiography revealed 60–85% diffuse stenosis in the middle of left anterior descending artery, 60–90% diffuse stenosis in the middle of left circumflex artery, 30–40% diffuse stenosis in the proximal segment of right coronary artery, and WCA anomaly in the middle, and distal segments of right coronary artery.
Conclusion
The patient successfully underwent prosthetic valve replacement and left anterior descending coronary artery bypass grafting, and had a good recovery after surgery. Further studies are needed to fully understand the disease and determine appropriate treatment options.
High-risk patients with coronary heart disease who develop acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have severe coronary lesions. If severe complications occur, such as malignant ventricular arrhythmia, ...cardiogenic shock, and cardiac arrest, implementation of emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may be hindered, leading to a higher perioperative mortality rate. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can pave the way for rapid myocardial reperfusion therapy. When cardiac arrest occurs, hemodynamic support with ECMO can facilitate revascularization with PCI, which can increase the time available for further salvage and treatment and reduce intraoperative risk during PCI.
Herein, we report a case of a 61-year-old man with AMI who suffered electrical storm of sustained malignant ventricular fibrillation, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac arrest and was successfully treated with PCI with ECMO support. During PCI, repeated aspiration and removal of the right coronary artery thrombus were performed, and blood flow was restored after right coronary artery balloon dilation. One episode of defibrillation was delivered to restore sinus rhythm. Then, stents were implanted in the distal and proximal right coronary artery lesions to achieve revascularization. After PCI with ECMO support, irreversible malignant arrhythmia returned to sinus rhythm through coronary perfusion, which prevented death following unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. After applying active treatments, including anti-shock, mechanical ventilation, anti-inflammation, and organ support, the patient was discharged after his condition and vital signs stabilized. The patient was followed up once a week after hospital discharge, and his cardiopulmonary function recovered well.
With ECMO support, PCI should be performed immediately in patients with inferior wall AMI complicated by electrical storm of sustained ventricular fibrillation, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac arrest to facilitate stent placement, achieve complete revascularization, restore coronary perfusion, and avoid death.
In this article, a ship manoeuvrability-based simulation for ship navigation in collision situations is established. Under the general requirement from the Convention on the International Regulations ...for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) and good seamanship, the determination of encounter situations is quantified to reduce navigators’ intervention. Meanwhile, the action manner by course alteration or changing speed in some typical encounter situations is graphically analysed for both the give-way and stand-on vessels. Then, the multiple genetic algorithm and linear extension algorithm are adopted to perform trajectory planning for collision avoidance. To improve the reliability of the simulation system, the mathematical model of ship motion and ship manoeuvring control mechanism are adopted, which can eliminate the insufficiency of neglect of ship manoeuvrability in the process of collision avoidance. Meanwhile, the course encoding technique is adopted to fit the ship manoeuvring control mechanism. Finally, a set of traffic scenarios emulating different encounter situations are applied to demonstrate the effectiveness, consistency, and practicality of this system.
Background:
Myocardial bridging (MB) of the coronary artery is a congenital anatomical variation, which has traditionally been considered a benign condition that does not cause cardiovascular events. ...However, recent studies have shown that MB is associated with major adverse cardiac events, including angina, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, syncope, and even sudden death.
Case:
We report a case of a 41-year-old man who had hypothyroidism and MB associated with ventricular aneurysm following myocardial infarction. This patient was admitted to our hospital because of 11 days of sudden discomfort and pain in the chest. An electrocardiogram on admission showed an old myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography showed MB in the distal segment of the left anterior descending artery. Left ventricular angiography, which was performed using a pigtail catheter, showed ventricular aneurysm formation. Thyroid ultrasound demonstrated hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Patients with hypothyroidism and MB have a high risk of acute myocardial infarction or even sudden death.
Conclusion:
Observations in our case suggest that early recognition of hypothyroidism and MB is important for risk stratification and prognosis in patients with myocardial necrosis and acute coronary syndrome. Additionally, this early recognition may have positive effects on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypothyroidism.
Ship collision-avoidance trajectory planning aims at searching for a theoretical safe-critical trajectory in accordance with COLREGs and good seamanship. In this paper, a novel optimal trajectory ...planning based on hybrid genetic algorithm is presented for ship collision avoidance in the open sea. The proposed formulation is established based on the theory of the Multiple Genetic Algorithm (MPGA) and Nonlinear Programming, which not only overcomes the inherent deficiency of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) for premature convergence, but also guarantees the practicality and consistency of the optimal trajectory. Meanwhile, the encounter type as well as the obligation of collision avoidance is determined according to COLREGs, which is then considered as the restricted condition for the operation of population initialization. Finally, this trajectory planning model is evaluated with a set of test cases simulating various traffic scenarios to demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the optimal trajectory.
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