Abstract Latent bioreactive unnatural amino acids (Uaas) have been widely used in the development of covalent drugs and identification of protein interactors, such as proteins, DNA, RNA and ...carbohydrates. However, it is challenging to perform high-throughput identification of Uaa cross-linking products due to the complexities of protein samples and the data analysis processes. Enrichable Uaas can effectively reduce the complexities of protein samples and simplify data analysis, but few cross-linked peptides were identified from mammalian cell samples with these Uaas. Here we develop an enrichable and multiple amino acids reactive Uaa, eFSY, and demonstrate that eFSY is MS cleavable when eFSY-Lys and eFSY-His are the cross-linking products. An identification software, AixUaa is developed to decipher eFSY mass cleavable data. We systematically identify direct interactomes of Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) and Selenoprotein M (SELM) with eFSY and AixUaa.
Article Highlights
By low-temperature aging, superior bromine-free FA
1–
x
MA
x
PbI
3
perovskite film is realized.
By suppressing lead iodide on the surface of perovskite, no further passivation step ...or layer is needed. The efficiency of planar perovskite solar cells is improved to 22.41% with robust reproducibility.
Previous reports of formamidinium/methylamine (FAMA)-mixed halide perovskite solar cells have focused mainly on controlling the morphology of the perovskite film and its interface—for example, through the inclusion of bromine and surface passivation. In this paper, we describe a new processing pathway for the growth of a high-quality bromine-free FAMAPbI
3
halide perovskites via the control of intermediate phase. Through low-temperature aging growth (LTAG) of a freshly deposited perovskite film, α-phase perovskites can be seeded in the intermediate phase and, at the same time, prevent beta-phase perovskite to nucleate. After postannealing, large grain-size perovskites with significantly reduced PbI
2
presence on the surface can be obtained, thereby eliminating the need of additional surface passivation step. Our pristine LTAG-treated solar cells could provide PCEs of greater than 22% without elaborate use of bromine or an additional passivation layer. More importantly, when using this LTAG process, the growth of the pure alpha-phase FAMAPbI
3
was highly reproducible.
Glioblastoma in the brain is the most malignant solid tumor with a poor prognosis. Screening critical targets and exploring underlying mechanisms will be a benefit for diagnoses and treatment. IDH1 ...mutation (R132) was used to distinguish glioblastoma grade and predict prognosis as a significant marker. However, the manner of IDH1 mutation regulating glioblastoma development was still unclear.
To study the function of IDH1 mutation, multi-type sequencing data (transcriptome, methylation and copy number variation) from the GEO and TCGA database were analyzed using bioinformatics techniques. The biological functions of IDH1 mutation (R132) would be comprehensively evaluated from the regulatory networks, tumor immune microenvironment and clinical relevance. Then the analysis result would be validated by experimental techniques.
Compared with adjacent tissues, IDH1 was up-regulated in glioblastoma, which also positively correlated with the malignant degree and a poor prognosis. To further study the mechanism of mutated IDH1 (R132) function, 5 correlated genes (FABP5, C1RL, MIR155HG, CSTA and BCL3) were identified by different expression gene screening, enrichment analysis and network construction successively. Among them, the BCL3 was a transcription factor that may induce IDH1expression. Through calculating the correlation coefficient, it was found that in IDH1
glioblastoma, the dendritic cell infiltration was reduced which may result in a better prognosis. In addition, the level of IDH1, FABP5, C1RL, MIR155HG, CSTA and BCL3 might also influence lymphocytes infiltration (eg. CD4+ T cell) and chemokine expression (CXCL family).
IDH1 may participate in pathological mechanisms of glioblastoma via expression alteration or gene mutation. Furthermore, IDH1 mutation might improve prognosis via suppressing the expression of FABP5, C1RL, MIR155HG, CSTA and BCL3. Meanwhile, it was identified that BCL3 might perform similar immunomodulatory functions with IDH1 as an upstream transcript factor.
Photocatalytic conversions of ethanol to valuable chemicals are significant organic synthesis reactions. Herein, we developed a CuCl2/FeCl3 bimetallic photocatalyst for sustainable dehydration of ...ethanol to ethylene by recoverable redox cycles. The selectivity of ethylene was 98.3% for CuCl2/FeCl3, which is much higher than that of CuCl2 (34.5%) and FeCl3 (86.5%). Due to the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) process involved in generating the liquid products, the CuCl2/FeCl3 catalyst will be reduced to CuCl/FeCl2. Oxygen (O2) is required for the recovery of CuCl2/FeCl3 to avoid exhaustion. The soluble Fe3+/Fe2+ redox species deliver catalyst regeneration properties more efficiently than single metal couples, making a series of redox reactions (Cu2+/Cu+, Fe3+/Fe2+, and O2/ethanol couples) recyclable with synergistic effects. A flow reactor was designed to facilitate the continuous production of ethylene. The understanding of bimetallic synergism and consecutive reactions promotes the industrial application process of photocatalytic organic reactions.
Photocatalytic conversions of ethanol to valuable chemicals are significant organic synthesis reactions. Herein, we developed a CuCl
/FeCl
bimetallic photocatalyst for sustainable dehydration of ...ethanol to ethylene by recoverable redox cycles. The selectivity of ethylene was 98.3% for CuCl
/FeCl
, which is much higher than that of CuCl
(34.5%) and FeCl
(86.5%). Due to the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) process involved in generating the liquid products, the CuCl
/FeCl
catalyst will be reduced to CuCl/FeCl
. Oxygen (O
) is required for the recovery of CuCl
/FeCl
to avoid exhaustion. The soluble Fe
/Fe
redox species deliver catalyst regeneration properties more efficiently than single metal couples, making a series of redox reactions (Cu
/Cu
, Fe
/Fe
, and O
/ethanol couples) recyclable with synergistic effects. A flow reactor was designed to facilitate the continuous production of ethylene. The understanding of bimetallic synergism and consecutive reactions promotes the industrial application process of photocatalytic organic reactions.
Identifying direct substrates of enzymes has been a long-term challenge. Here, we present a strategy using live cell chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry to identify the putative substrates ...of enzymes for further biochemical validation. Compared with other methods, our strategy is based on the identification of cross-linked peptides supported by high-quality MS/MS spectra, which eliminates false-positive discoveries of indirect binders. Additionally, cross-linking sites allow the analysis of interaction interfaces, providing further information for substrate validation. We demonstrated this strategy by identifying direct substrates of thioredoxin in both E. coli and HEK293T cells using two bis-vinyl sulfone chemical cross-linkers BVSB and PDES. We confirmed that BVSB and PDES have high specificity in cross-linking the active site of thioredoxin with its substrates both in vitro and in live cells. Applying live cell cross-linking, we identified 212 putative substrates of thioredoxin in E. coli and 299 putative S-nitrosylation (SNO) substrates of thioredoxin in HEK293T cells. In addition to thioredoxin, we have shown that this strategy can be applied to other proteins in the thioredoxin superfamily. Based on these results, we believe future development of cross-linking techniques will further advance cross-linking mass spectrometry in identifying substrates of other classes of enzymes.
•Capturing protein interactions of enzymes and their direct binding proteins or potential substrates in live cells.•Development of new cysteine and lysine targeted chemical cross-linkers.•Enrichment of inter-protein cross-linked peptides with two-step purification and SCX enrichment.
Antisolvent-assisted crystallization is adopted widely in the preparation of double-cation
e.g.
, cesium/formamidinium (Cs/FA), formamidinium/methylammonium (FA/MA) and triple-cation (
e.g.
, ...Cs/FA/MA) FA-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to enhance their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and device stability. Although many antisolvents have been applied to treat various perovskites with different compositions, their crystallization mechanisms have remained unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of a series of green antisolvents-namely, the ethers diethyl ether, anisole, diisopropyl ether (DIE), and dibutyl ether-on the crystallization of perovskites. We found that the formation of an intermediate phase was heavily determined by the antisolvent's polarity. Indeed, through judicious control of the antisolvent's polarity, it was possible to form a pure intermediate phase, without a PbI
2
or perovskite phase. Upon thermal annealing, the crystallization of perovskites was improved. Understanding the mechanism of formation of the intermediate phase led us to identify DIE as a green antisolvent with universal perovskite compatibility, achieving champion PCEs of 20.05%, 20.15%, and 21.26% for Cs/FA, FA/MA, and Cs/FA/MA, respectively. The PCE of large-area (1 cm
2
) PSCs reached 18.51%. Furthermore, the repeatability of these champion PCEs was greatly improved. This work contributes to the understanding of antisolvent's polarity as an important factor affecting the formation of a pure intermediate phase of FA-based perovskites, which also offers a greener approach for the production of PSCs.
Tuning the polarity of green antisolvents (using various ethers) allows high control over the purity of the intermediate phase of triple-cation lead halide perovskite thin films.
Because of low strength, the expanded perlite insulation boards application in building energy saving is restricted. This paper discuss change rules of the expanded perlite insulation board apparent ...density and mechanical strength with adjusting the amount of sodium silicate, pressing pressure, heating system. It turned out that good thermal insulation performance and high strength expansion perlite insulation board is prepared by mass ratio of 2.5:1 of 30% of the content of solid sodium silicate solution to expanded perlite, 0.38MPa of pressing pressure and 105°C condition of heating temperature.
The development of region economy affects directly whether the economy thoughts of the strategy of the construction of New Country of Socialism can he implemented smoothly. It has value of realistic ...instruction & theoretical researchment to make deep reflection of economic thoughts about this. The region economy is an important carrier of the construction of New Country of Socialism, & is the support platform of guaranteeing a steady & rapid growth in the national economy. It is a necessary choice of economy thoughts to accelerate the industry structure adjustment of agriculture & promote the development of region economy. Agriculture & rural economy is the base of region economy. And the economy thoughts of physiocracy is an important thought to the develop region economy. Only given a great development of agriculture & rural economy, the region economy can go to prosperity. References. Adapted from the source document.
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