Background
Current treatment of immature necrotic permanent teeth with a periapical lesion is regenerative endodontics, which is based on tissue engineering under the triade of stem cells, scaffolds ...and bioactive molecules.
Objectives
This Umbrella Review was aimed to evaluate the success of scaffold and regenerative materials used for the treatment of these teeth, in terms of apical closure, tooth length increase, widening of root canal walls, tissue vitality and periapical lesion repair.
Methods
An extensive literature research was carried out in the Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases for relevant systematic reviews matching the keyword search strategy. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, reviewers independently rated the quality of each study to determine their level of evidence. Methodological quality assessment of each article was obtained using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR)‐2 tool, and risk of bias was assessed with the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS) tool.
Results
After removing duplicates, 155 articles were found; from which 133 were excluded for being non‐relevant and 15 other due to exclusion criteria. One more was discarded after methodological quality evaluation, for a total of six articles remaining. The most common scaffold used was the blood clot, others used were poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid and platelet‐rich fibrin matrix. The most common regeneration material used was Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), followed by Biodentine. An increase in tooth length and widening of root canal walls were reported in all selected studies with different proportions, as well as periapical lesion repair. ROBIS analysis showed that only one article had low bias, two were classified as unclear bias, while the remaining three had high risk of bias.
Discussion
An exhaustive literature search was carried out applying language filters, high‐quality indexed journals, year of publication, which ensures the best quality articles were included. Blood clot was the most used scaffold as is the most easy to place inside the canal and does not require to extract blood from the patient. The use of MTA and Biodentine as sealing materials has been associated with thickening of canal walls, apical closure and reduced signs and symptoms of apical periodontitis. However, most of the included reviews assessed were case reports and only in a few of them were clinical trials included. There is also a lack of risk of bias analysis in most reviews.
Conclusion
The blood clot is the most common scaffold used for inducing regeneration during the treatment of immature necrotic teeth. Tooth length increase and widening of root canal walls are the most common criteria used in the studies as success indicators. MTA and Biodentine did not show differences in the results analysed. Quality assessment and bias risk evaluation showed that it is necessary to design better studies with rigorous methodology to recommend a trustable and predictable protocol for the treatment of immature necrotic permanent teeth with periapical lesions.
Registration
International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42021248404.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that have a pivotal role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and their misregulation is common in different types of ...cancer. Although it has been shown that miR-7 plays an oncogenic role in different cellular contexts, the molecular mechanisms by which miR-7 promotes cell transformation are not well understood. Here we show that the transcription factor KLF4 is a direct target of miR-7 and present experimental evidence indicating that the regulation of KLF4 by miR-7 has functional implications in epithelial cell transformation. Stable overexpression of miR-7 into lung and skin epithelial cells enhanced cell proliferation, cell migration and tumor formation. Alteration of these cellular functions by miR-7 resulted from misregulation of KLF4 target genes involved in cell cycle control. miR-7-induced tumors showed decreased p21 and increased Cyclin D levels. Taken together, these findings indicate that miR-7 acts as an oncomiR in epithelial cells in part by directly regulating KLF4 expression. Thus, we conclude that miR-7 acts as an oncomiR in the epithelial cellular context, where through the negative regulation of KLF4-dependent signaling pathways, miR-7 promotes cellular transformation and tumor growth.
•High quantities of oil with many unsaturated fatty acids were found in seeds.•Physicochemical parameters of oil are suitable for obtaining biodiesel.•We assessed a new resource for biodiesel ...feedstock.•We enhanced the growth of a leaf callus culture.•Callus cultures produced saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
In Mexico, the oil seed from Calophyllum brasiliense is traditionally used for lighting, but the oil seeds and leaves have not yet been evaluated. In this work, two sites of C. brasiliense were studied: San Andres Tuxtla and Pajapan. The aim of this study was to characterize the fatty acid profile of the seed oil, leaves, and callus cultures from leaves or seed explants. Fatty acids of the leaves, seeds, and callus culture samples were extracted with hexane, esterified, and then analyzed in a Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The San Andrés Tuxtla seeds had a significantly higher (P≤0.05) oil content: 58.2% versus 47.6% in Pajapan seeds. The seed oil recovered from the San Andrés Tuxtla samples showed higher amounts of linoleic acid (41.3%), while the oil recovered from the Pajapan seeds had remarkable oleic acid content (39.3%). The physicochemical parameters of San Andrés Tuxtla and Pajapan oils such as the density, viscosity, iodine, acid, and saponification values were measured and met the industrial standards for oil feedstock for biodiesel. The biomass growth of callus cultures was enhanced, and callus could produce fatty acids. These were mainly total saturated acids such as palmitic acid (31.32–39.18%) followed by stearic acid (19.52–21.18%). The main unsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid with values ranging from 23.14 to 31.63%. This is the first report on the fatty acid composition of seeds, leaves, and callus cultures from C. brasiliense. Therefore, this study can help to promote the importance of this agricultural product and can lead to biotechnological tools for the sustainable production of fatty acids or secondary metabolites.
Highly species-specific primers for pork D-loop mtDNA have been designed. Use of these and restrictive PCR amplification conditions has improved a reliable and rapid method for detecting a ...PCR-amplified 531 bp band from pork. It has been proved useful for detecting both pork meat and fat in meat mixtures, including those dry-cured and heated by cooking. Absence of response in PCR-amplified samples or mixtures from bovine, ovine, chicken, and human was also demonstrated. Furthermore, wild boar and pork samples can be also easily distinguished by a simple AvaII restriction analysis. Keywords: Mitochondrial DNA; PCR analysis; pork; meat; meat products; species identification
Resumen Introducción La exposición de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) de pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) induce efectos citotóxicos en cultivos celulares de neuronas motoras in ...vitro. Material y métodos Se seleccionó LCR de 32 pacientes con ELA que previamente habían demostrado efectos citotóxicos. Se implantaron con minibombas osmóticas intracerebroventriculares (ICV) en 28 ratas macho adultas y se dividieron en 3 grupos: 9 ratas de LCR de pacientes no-ELA, 15 ratas de ELA-LCR citotóxico y 4 ratas de una solución salina fisiológica. El LCR se administró por vía ICV de forma continua durante periodos de 20 o 43 días. Se realizó la evaluación clínica, electromiográfica y análisis de tejidos después de sacrificio a los 20, 45 y 82 días tras la cirugía. Resultados Los estudios inmunohistoquímicos muestran daño en los tejidos con características similares a las encontradas en formas esporádicas de ELA, tales como sobre expresión de cistatina C, transferrina y la proteína en el TDP-43 citoplasmática. Los primeros cambios observados parecían jugar un papel protector por la sobreexpresión de periferina, panAKT, fosfoAKT y metalotioneínas; esta expresión habría disminuido al momento de analizar las ratas que se sacrificaron al día 82, en el que hay un aumento de apoptosis. Los primeros cambios celulares identificados fueron la constatación de activación de la microglía seguido por astrogliosis con sobreexpresión de GFAP y proteína S100B. Conclusiones Nuestros datos parecen indicar que la ELA podría propagarse a través del LCR, y que la administración ICV de ELA-LCR citotóxico produce cambios similares a los encontrados en las formas esporádicas de la enfermedad.
Resumen Antecedentes Se define infección de sitio quirúrgico como infecciones relacionadas con el procedimiento quirúrgico en el área manipulada en los primeros 30 días. Criterios diagnósticos ...incluyen: drenaje purulento, aislamiento de microorganismos, signos de infección. Objetivos Describir las características epidemiológicas y las diferencias entre los tipos de esquemas profilácticos asociados a infecciones nosocomiales en el servicio de Cirugía General en un hospital de tercer nivel en el periodo comprendido del 1 de enero del 2013 y el 31 de diciembre del 2014. Material y métodos Revisión del expediente electrónico de pacientes de Cirugía General en un hospital de tercer nivel durante el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de enero del 2013 y el 31 de diciembre del 2014. Se estableció una muestra a conveniencia de 728 pacientes dividida en grupos: grupo 1 n = 728, para estudio epidemiológico; grupo 2 para evaluar profilaxis antimicrobiana, n = 638, y, finalmente, grupo 3, n = 50 para evaluar el desarrollo de cepas multirresistentes en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Para el análisis estadístico se emplearon SPSS 19, prueba U de Mann-Whitney y ji al cuadrado. Resultados Setecientos veintiocho procedimientos (65.9% electivos), 312 hombres y 416 mujeres; el porcentaje de cumplimiento de profilaxis antimicrobiana fue solo del 3.98%; encontramos desarrollo de múltiples cepas resistentes en cuidados intensivos. Discusión Una sola dosis profiláctica es efectiva en cirugía; sin embargo, el apego a esta recomendación no es el adecuado. Conclusiones No existe un adecuado apego a las guías de profilaxis en nuestro medio. Existe una asociación significativa entre el desarrollo de infecciones nosocomiales por gérmenes multirresistentes y el ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos.
Surgical site infection is defined as an infection related to the surgical procedure in the area of manipulation occurring within the first 30 postoperative days. The diagnostic criteria include: ...purulent drainage, isolation of microorganisms, and signs of infection.
To describe the epidemiologic characteristics and differences among the types of prophylactic regimens associated with hospital-acquired infections at the general surgery service of a tertiary care hospital.
The electronic case records of patients that underwent general surgery at a tertiary care hospital within the time frame of January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2014 were reviewed. A convenience sample of 728 patients was established and divided into the following groups: Group 1: n=728 for the epidemiologic study; Group 2: n=638 for the evaluation of antimicrobial prophylaxis; and Group 3: n=50 for the evaluation of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains in the intensive care unit. The statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS 19 program, using the Mann-Whitney U test and the chi-square test.
A total of 728 procedures were performed (65.9% were elective surgeries). Three hundred twelve of the patients were males and 416 were females. Only 3.98% of the patients complied with the recommended antimicrobial prophylaxis, and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains were found in the intensive care unit.
A single prophylactic dose is effective, but adherence to this recommendation was not adequate.
The prophylactic guidelines are not strictly adhered to in our environment. There was a significant association between the development of nosocomial infections from multidrug-resistant germs and admission to the intensive care unit.
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