•Explores equitable domestic and transport energy futures in Northern Ireland.•Transport modal shift incurs economic benefits but also time penalties.•EVs cost competitive across all case study ...scenarios from 2025.•Post retrofit assessment shows lingering nature of financial burden.•Expansion of supports is a crucial component of the Just Transition.
Despite increasing policy emphasis on creating a more equitable society as a key component of the energy transition, there is still a dearth of assessments investigating the equity outcomes of decarbonisation scenarios and community scale Just Transition case studies, and those focusing on both energy and transport. This work seeks to fill this gap by examining energy and transport poverty could be alleviated by scenario analysis of these linked aspects of the Just Transition using an urban and a rural case study in Northern Ireland. This work examines the total costs of ownership of mode shifting and car sharing in transport and investment needs for domestic retrofit for energy poverty alleviation. The analysis finds that eBikes for suitable commutes bring substantial economic and environmental benefits compared to cars. For car sharing, the economic and environmental benefits are also substantial, with electric vehicles becoming cost effective at all occupancy rates from 2025. Regarding the alleviation of energy poverty, the mean cost to retrofit energy poor dwellings ranges from £2,143 depending on dwelling type. However, up to 3.5% of residents of each dwelling type will find the consequent debt burden causes significant financial stress, particularly for the elderly and those claiming benefits. This study concludes that the current mechanisms to support energy and transport poverty alleviation are insufficient and too narrowly targeted. Their expansion is a requisite component of any hopes of achieving a Just Transition in Northern Ireland.
•Energy poverty is complex, with diverse drivers in developed and developing countries.•There is no consensus on the standardized way to measure energy poverty.•Single indicators depict the outcome ...of being in energy poverty not underlying reasons.•Energy poverty has a significant impact on health, education, and gender equality.•Developed and developing countries have worked ahead to address energy poverty.
Energy poverty represents a considerable challenge that is difficult to quantify, monitor, and effectively address through policy measures. Efforts to tackle this problem have proven unsatisfactory for many reasons, including insufficient data on who is experiencing energy poverty to a poor definition of what this concept entails. This study examines methods for measuring energy poverty considering spatial, household preferences, home standards, and cultural differences among countries. The focus is on two commonly used indicators to communicate energy poverty issues at the local, national, and global levels: single indicators and multidimensional indices. The advantages and disadvantages of these indicators will be thoroughly examined. A dedicated study is provided to investigate the mechanism through which energy poverty affects the quality of life. The analysis reveals the limitations of single indicators in capturing the nuances of energy poverty across diverse contexts. Multidimensional indices offer a more comprehensive approach but require careful design and data availability. A framework is proposed for selecting appropriate indicators considering local needs and cultural specificities. By integrating insights from quality-of-life studies, the recommendations guide policymakers in designing effective interventions and targeting resources to maximize the impact on populations experiencing energy poverty.
This review investigates the state of the art in metrics used in energy (or fuel) and transport poverty with a view to assessing how these overlapping concepts may be unified in their measurement. ...Our review contributes to ongoing debates over decarbonisation, a politically sensitive and crucial aspect of the energy transition, and one that could exacerbate patterns of inequality or vulnerability. Up to 125 million people across the European Union experience the effects of energy poverty in their daily lives. A more comprehensive understanding of the breadth and depth of these conditions is therefore paramount. This review assessed 1,134 articles and critically analysed a deeper sample of 93. In terms of the use of metrics, we find that multiple indicators are better than any single metric or composite. We find work remains to be conducted in the transport poverty sphere before energy poverty metrics can be fully unified with those of transport poverty, namely the stipulation of travel standards. Without such standards, our ability to unify the metrics of both fields and potentially alleviate both conditions simultaneously is limited. The difficulties in defining necessary travel necessitate the further use of vulnerability lenses and holistic assessments focused on energy and transport services.
•Energy and transport poverty study is dominated by the social sciences.•Engineering must participate in this field to operationalise change in society.•The use of multiple metrics is preferable to any single or composite metric.•Vulnerability lenses should complement these metrics.•Living standards are needed in overlapping energy and transport services.
Energy and transport poverty have been postulated as conditions linked by overlapping causal factors such as structural economic inequality or housing stock and affecting overlapping demographics ...such as family size or income. The strength of the overlap of these conditions and their causal mechanisms has not been assessed across Ireland prior to this study. We apply and analyse existing and novel energy and transport poverty metrics in a survey of 1564 participants across Ireland and consider results from expenditure and consensual data examining causal mechanisms and correlations. We find that energy and transport poverty rates are broadly similar across Ireland at approximately 14% for energy poverty and 18% for transport poverty using the half-median metric, while participant knowledge of causal factors, such as lack of domestic energy efficiency and perceived desirability of potential poverty solutions, such as increased public transport provision, are low. Furthermore, we find that self-reported data concerning energy and transport expenditures and preferences do not correspond to expected outcomes. We thus conclude that ever refined targeting of individuals and households for support measures is not optimal for either decarbonisation or alleviation of energy and transport poverty conditions and suggest some salient policy implications.
•Energy and transport poverty rates are similar across the island of Ireland.•Survey respondent knowledge of causal factors and potential solutions alike is low.•Self-reported energy and transport poverty do not correspond to modelled data.•Ever refined targeting for support measures is not optimal.
This study probes the notable gap between the theoretical endorsement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDGs 7, 12, and 13, and their tangible implementation in higher ...education curricula. We hypothesize that entrenched unsustainable practices in key academic disciplines, such as engineering and business, persist despite the global shift towards sustainability. The study engages a diverse cohort of participants from academia, public, private, and nonprofit sectors, chosen for their distinct roles and insights in integrating SDGs into educational and industrial frameworks. Our research design integrates an extensive qualitative literature review and critical analyses with quantitative surveys using specially designed instruments. The study was conducted with a sample of 48 participants, representing various sectors, using specially designed survey instruments to gauge expert opinions on the barriers and opportunities in advancing sustainable education. Our findings identify economic and administrative hurdles as primary impediments to academia’s shift towards sustainability. The data underscore the urgent need for targeted strategies in transitioning to a net-zero educational paradigm. The study concludes with a call to reshape academic initiatives, highlighting the critical role of education in preparing future leaders. It emphasizes bridging the gap between theoretical support for SDGs and their practical application in academia, proposing actionable strategies for this alignment.
Attitudes towards renewable technologies and knowledge about energy consumption influences the adoption of sustainable energy systems across power, heat and transport. Research suggests that ...behavioural change strategies could accelerate the transition towards net-zero by reducing household energy consumption, increasing the uptake of energy efficient technologies and optimising consumption patterns. In tandem, emerging markets and business models facilitated by energy decentralisation and digitalisation give consumers more control over their home energy management and adopt more energy efficient behaviours. This empirical study seeks to determine the level of awareness of domestic consumers on the island of Ireland, which makes for an interesting case study due to the existence of a single electricity market with a dichotomic regulatory regime. This survey is critical to engineers, industry and other stakeholders in understanding the implications of climate policy aspirations and targets as society transitions towards carbon neutrality. A questionnaire was issued to a sample of 1,373 respondents in March 2022, facilitated by a third-party survey provider. The questionnaire had 40 questions composed of multiple-choice and single-answer format; questions covered participants’ sociodemographic attributes, their willingness to adopt new technologies and services and their eco-credentials. The results identify the strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for householders to adopt more efficient household energy behaviours and attitudes towards smart energy technology and their carbon footprint. This study explores the emerging, yet significant role of domestic consumers in an equitable transition to a sustainable future.
•A household survey was issued to establish consumer attitude and engagement with energy on the island of Ireland.•Concerns relating to the energy crisis and rising cost of living are outlined.•Energy expenditure in the home is quantified and analysed.•Crosslinks are made between demographics and energy behaviours.
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