We have investigated thermal conductivity of graphene laminate films deposited on polyethylene terephthalate substrates. Two types of graphene laminate were studied, as deposited and compressed, in ...order to determine the physical parameters affecting the heat conduction the most. The measurements were performed using the optothermal Raman technique and a set of suspended samples with the graphene laminate thickness from 9 to 44 μm. The thermal conductivity of graphene laminate was found to be in the range from 40 to 90 W/mK at room temperature. It was found unexpectedly that the average size and the alignment of graphene flakes are more important parameters defining the heat conduction than the mass density of the graphene laminate. The thermal conductivity scales up linearly with the average graphene flake size in both uncompressed and compressed laminates. The compressed laminates have higher thermal conductivity for the same average flake size owing to better flake alignment. Coating plastic materials with thin graphene laminate films that have up to 600× higher thermal conductivity than plastics may have important practical implications.
Background and purpose
Besides a distinct spectrum of demyelinating syndromes, encephalitis was observed in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG‐abs).
Methods
The ...clinical records of 690 patients with idiopathic demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system seen in our center from June 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. All underwent serum aquaporin 4 antibody (AQP4‐ab) and MOG‐ab detection by cell‐based assays as a routine diagnostic approach. Patients with MOG‐abs or AQP4‐abs who had ever experienced an encephalitis‐like illness during the disease course were identified. Whether diagnoses of possible or definite autoimmune encephalitis could be reached with regard to these particular episodes of encephalitis was determined. The incidence and clinical features of encephalitis in anti‐MOG disease are described in detail and compared with those in anti‐AQP4 disease.
Results
Amongst the 690 patients, 87 were MOG‐ab‐positive whilst 140 were AQP4‐ab‐positive. 20.7% (18/87) of the MOG‐ab‐positive patients had typical presentations of encephalitis. Unique cortical lesions (72.2%, 13/18) were observed; fever (55.6%), intracranial hypertension (41.2%) and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis (64.7%) were common during MOG‐ab‐associated encephalitis. Sixteen of the 18 patients fulfilled the criteria of definite autoimmune encephalitis (specific disease with MOG‐ab) during encephalitis, and five patients overlapped with anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate‐receptor encephalitis (NMDARE). Only 3.6% (5/140) of the AQP4‐ab‐positive patients had encephalitis, and none overlapped with NMDARE. The Expanded Disability Status Scale scores and the Cerebral Functional System Scores at last follow‐up were lower in patients with MOG‐ab‐associated encephalitis than in those with AQP4‐ab‐associated encephalitis.
Conclusions
Encephalitis should be recognized as an important clinical component in anti‐MOG diseases.
Digital twin-driven product design framework Tao, Fei; Sui, Fangyuan; Liu, Ang ...
International journal of production research,
06/2019, Letnik:
57, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
With the advent of new generation information technologies in industry and product design, the big data-driven product design era has arrived. However, the big data-driven product design mainly ...places emphasis on the analysis of physical data rather than the virtual models, in other words, the convergence between product physical and virtual space is usually absent. Digital twin, a new emerging and fast growing technology which connects the physical and virtual world, has attracted much attention worldwide recently. This paper presents a new method for product design based on the digital twin approach. The development of product design is briefly introduced first. The framework of digital twin-driven product design (DTPD) is then proposed and analysed. A case is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed DTPD method.
Bimetallic catalysts of nickel(0) with a trivalent rare-earth ion or Ga(III), NiML3 (where L is iPr2PCH2NPh−, and M is Sc, Y, La, Lu, or Ga), were investigated for the selective hydrogenation of ...diphenylacetylene (DPA) to (E)-stilbene. Each bimetallic complex features a relatively short Ni–M bond length, ranging from 2.3395(8) Å (Ni–Ga) to 2.5732(4) Å (Ni–La). The anodic peak potentials of the NiML3 complexes vary from −0.48 V to −1.23 V, where the potentials are negatively correlated with the Lewis acidity of the M(III) ion. Three catalysts, Ni–Y, Ni–Lu, and Ni–Ga, showed nearly quantitative conversions in the semihydrogenation of DPA, with NiYL3 giving the highest selectivity for (E)-stilbene. Initial rate studies were performed on the two tandem catalytic reactions: DPA hydrogenation and (Z)-stilbene isomerization. The catalytic activity in DPA hydrogenation follows the order Ni–Ga > Ni–La > Ni–Y > Ni–Lu > Ni–Sc. The ranking of catalysts by (Z)-stilbene isomerization initial rates is Ni–Ga ≫ Ni–Sc > Ni–Lu > Ni–Y > Ni–La. In operando 31P and 1H NMR studies revealed that in the presence of DPA, the Ni bimetallic complexes supported by Y, Lu, and La form the Ni(η2-alkyne) intermediate, (η2-PhCCPh)Ni(iPr2PCH2NPh)2M(κ2-iPr2PCH2NPh). In contrast, the Ni–Ga resting state is the Ni(η2-H2) species, and Ni–Sc showed no detectable binding of either substrate. Hence, the mechanism of Ni-catalyzed diphenylacetylene semihydrogenation adheres to two different kinetics: an autotandem pathway (Ni–Ga, Ni–Sc) versus temporally separated tandem reactions (Ni–Y, Ni–Lu, Ni–La). Collectively, the experimental results demonstrate that modulating a base-metal center via a covalently appended Lewis acidic support is viable for promoting selective alkyne semihydrogenation.
Estrogens encompass steroid hormones which display physiological roles not only in the female reproductive system but also in other organ systems of non‐reproductive controls, including the ...peripheral and central nervous systems. Traditionally, estrogen signals in neurons through a “genomic pathway”: binding to estrogen receptors (ERs) which then interact with nuclear estrogen response elements to initiate transcription. This effect is usually delayed at onset (within several hours to days) and prolonged in duration. In addition to these classical ERs, recent data suggest that other ERs function through pregenomic signaling pathways. Estrogen's pregenomic pathways cause intracellular changes within seconds to minutes and go through a novel, 7‐transmembrane spanning G protein‐coupled receptor (GPER, formerly known as GPR30). In this review, we will briefly cover the cellular and molecular mechanisms of GPER and then discuss newly discovered roles of GPER in cognition, depression, homeostasis, pain processing, and other associated neuronal functions.
Estrogens exert physiological effects via genomic pathways by way of estrogen receptors ERα and β as well as the pregenomic pathways by way of the G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor (GPER)—the receptor recognized as responsible for rapid responses to estrogen. The pregenomic effects of GPER on neuronal function include cognition, depression, homeostasis, pain processing, neuroprotection, and intestinal motility. Though preclinical data demonstrate important roles of GPER on neurological functions, GPER's therapeutic potential and its interaction with classical ERs remains to be investigated.
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