Antibody‐mediated rejection is responsible for 30%‐50% of renal graft failures. Differentiation of B cells into antibody‐producing plasmablasts depends on the collaboration of follicular helper T ...cells (Tfh). We analyzed circulating Tfh (cTfh) in kidney recipients and studied cTfh relationship with anti‐HLA antibody production and graft outcome. cTfh were longitudinally analyzed in a prospective cohort of patients (n = 206), pre‐ and posttransplantation. Clinical data, HLA sensitization, and cTfh function were recorded. Both pretransplant and 6‐month posttransplant cTfh were able to derive IgG‐producing plasmablasts. Pretransplant cTfh was decreased in patients, especially in those who received dialysis. However, these cells were increased in patients with previous allograft or transfusions and in HLA‐sensitized recipients. After transplantation cTfh expanded, significantly more in patients who developed de novo anti‐HLA antibodies than in patients who remained unsensitized. Augmented pretransplant cTfh positively correlated with higher intensity of pretransplant anti‐HLA class I and with de novo anti‐HLA class I and anti‐HLA class II antibodies. Consistently, pretransplantation cTfh were higher in patients who experienced acute rejection (HR = 1.14 1.04‐1.25). Thus, we show a role for Tfh in anti‐HLA sensitization and rejection. Multicenter studies with additional patient cohorts are needed to validate these results. Immunosuppressive drugs targeting Tfh could be useful to improve outcomes.
Circulating follicular helper T cells are associated with anti‐HLA antibody development and acute rejection in renal transplant patients, which points these cells out as a therapeutic target to improve transplant outcome.
Biosorbent preparation of agro-industrial wastes (orange and pineapple peels) was studied in order to improve the adsorption capacity for Cu(II). The maximum adsorption capacity (163 mg g−1) was ...obtained with the biosorbent prepared from orange peels by a physical-chemical process: a vacuum drying process (DIC: Instant Controlled Pressure Drop) followed by a citric acid chemical treatment; these results signify an increase in the order to 4.19 times of adsorption capacity (300%) comparing with the peels without modification. DIC treatment increases the porosity and active sites on the peels surface; FTIR studies after chemical treatment showed only signals attributed to ROH and RCOOH functional groups, present on the biosorbents surface. Characterization of the biosorbents from fruit peels was carried out before and after adsorption of Cu(II), in order to describe the adsorption mechanism. As a result, Cu(II) adsorption on the modified fruit peels could be associated with the interaction between Cu(II) and R-COO- groups on their surface due to physisorption phenomena with an associated heat of adsorption in the order of −13.78 ± 2.10 kJ mol−1. Thus, the proposed process enhance the adsorbent properties of the fruit peels; these biosorbents can be prepared in order to be selective for pollutant removal in water treatment processes.
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•Novel biosorbent preparation by a vacuum drying process and chemical treatment.•Cu(II) removal increases 4.19 times (300%) comparing with simple dried peels.•The biosorbents showed high adsorption capacity for Cu(II) removal up to 163 mg g−1.•Cu(II) uptake occurs by interaction to the carboxylate ions on the adsorbent surface.•An adsorption energy of −13.78 ± 2.10 kJ mol−1 explain that uptake mechanism.
Isotopic ratios of δ
C
and δ
O
have been used as an additional parameter to ensure the authenticity of the aging time of 100% agave tequila. For this purpose, 120 samples were isotopically analyzed ...(40 silver class, 40 aged class, and 40 extra-aged classes). The samples were obtained through a stratified sampling by proportional allocation, considering tequila producers from the main different regions of Jalisco, Mexico (Valles 41%, Altos Sur 31%, Cienega 16%, and Centro 12%). The results showed that the δ
C
was found in an average of -12.85 ‰ for all the analyzed beverages, with no significant difference between them. Since for all the tested samples the
Weber blue variety was used as source of sugar to obtain alcohol, those results were foreseeable, and confirm the origin of the sugar source. Instead, the results for δ
O
showed a positive slope linear trend for the aging time (silver class 19.52‰, aged class 20.54‰, extra-aged class 21.45‰), which is associated with the maturation process, there are oxidation reactions that add congeneric compounds to the beverage, these can be used as tracers for the authenticity of the aging time. Additionally, the experimental data showed homogeneity in the beverages regardless of the production region, evidencing the tequila industry's high-quality standards. However, a particular case occurs with the δ
O
data for the silver class samples, in which a clear trend is noted with the altitude of the region of origin; therefore, this information suggests that this analytical parameter could be useful to authenticate the regional origin of beverage.
Iron-supported catalyst on granular activated carbon was prepared for its use in heterogeneous Fenton reaction coupled to an in situ H2O2 electro-generation. For this process, an electrolysis cell ...was employed, using carbon felt as cathode and graphite as anode. A solution of H2O2 (electrogenerated at a rate of 30 mg L−1 h−1) was obtained using a current intensity of 12 mA. In order to promote the decomposition of H2O2 to OH, a Carbon-Fe catalyst was used. This catalyst was prepared by incipient wet impregnation using FeSO4 as precursor salt to obtain samples with 9% wt of iron. Samples were characterized by EDX, FTIR and XPS spectroscopy before and after wastewater treatment using phenol as model molecule. Two iron oxidation states on the samples were found, Fe2+ and Fe3+. The ratio between Fe2+/Fe3+ was 1.29 which was later reduced to 0.92 after Fenton process; this might be associated with the metal oxidation (Fe2+ to Fe+3) occurring during Fenton-reaction, thus indicating that H2O2 decomposition was carried out by Fe2+ on carbon surface. Detection and quantification of hydroxyl radical were carried out by fluorescence spectroscopy, obtaining a radical concentration of 3.5 μM in solution. Iron in solution were determined, showing a concentration of 0.1 mg L−1, making evident that the supported metal is stable and the reaction is carried out in a heterogeneous phase. Results showed an environmentally friendly process that can generate reagents in situ, with high efficiencies in the degradation of pollutants and minimizing the formation of toxic byproducts, which are common in conventional treatments.
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•Carbon catalyst was obtained with a Fe2+/Fe3+ rate of 1.29.•Heterogeneous Fenton reaction was proved by surface-Fe and OH radicals analysis.•No iron enriched sludge or by products are generated.•In-situ H2O2 was produced at high concentrations up to 30 mg L−1 h−1.•The complete mineralization of Phenol as a model contaminant was achieved.
This communication shows the decoding of Isotopic Fingerprint of Tequila 100% agave silver class (IFTequila100% agave) in three areas corresponding to isotopic variations due to: plant used as raw ...material, fermentation and distillation process, and hydrolysis process. Isotopic tracers that make them up correspond to the δ13CVPDB ethanol-δ13CVPDB ethyl acetate-δ13CVPDB isoamyl alcohol, δ13CVPDB ethyl acetate-δ13CVPDB isoamyl alcohol-δ13CVPDB n-propanol and δ13CVPDB ethyl acetate-δ13CVPDB n-propanol-δ13CVPDB methanol, respectively. Once the IFTequila100%agave has been decoded, an image comparison was performed against isotopic fingerprints of spirits (Tequila, Bacanora, Raicilla, Sotol, and Mezcal). Results show that it is possible classifies 100% of samples analyzed. Likewise, from decoding it is possible to determine the critical process stage to determine variations with respect to the IFTequila100%agave. The chemometric analysis developed corresponds to an auxiliary analytical tool useful for the inspection processes currently carried out by the authorities to determine the authenticity of the beverage.
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•Isotopic Fingerprint (IF) decoding reveals spirits variations in raw material, fermentation, hydrolysis.•IF coupled with artificial vision permits to classify Tequila 100% agave samples accurately.•Chemometric analysis aids beverage authenticity inspection by complementing current processes.
C3G is a Rap1 GEF that plays a pivotal role in platelet-mediated processes such as angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis by modulating the platelet secretome. Here, we explore the mechanisms ...through which C3G governs platelet secretion. For this, we utilized animal models featuring either overexpression or deletion of C3G in platelets, as well as PC12 cell clones expressing C3G mutants. We found that C3G specifically regulates α-granule secretion via PKCδ, but it does not affect δ-granules or lysosomes. C3G activated RalA through a GEF-dependent mechanism, facilitating vesicle docking, while interfering with the formation of the trans-SNARE complex, thereby restricting vesicle fusion. Furthermore, C3G promotes the formation of lamellipodia during platelet spreading on specific substrates by enhancing actin polymerization via Src and Rac1-Arp2/3 pathways, but not Rap1. Consequently, C3G deletion in platelets favored kiss-and-run exocytosis. C3G also controlled granule secretion in PC12 cells, including pore formation. Additionally, C3G-deficient platelets exhibited reduced phosphatidylserine exposure, resulting in decreased thrombin generation, which along with defective actin polymerization and spreading, led to impaired clot retraction. In summary, platelet C3G plays a dual role by facilitating platelet spreading and clot retraction through the promotion of outside-in signaling while concurrently downregulating α-granule secretion by restricting granule fusion.
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Currently, the authenticity and traceability of Tequila are determined in an inspection process carried out by the Tequila Regulatory Council. However, in recent years, the ...authorities have seized illegal alcoholic products that are marketed as Tequila without being so, making it necessary to strengthen the current methods of detecting counterfeiting and/or adulteration. Therefore, it is important to establish a review of the current analytical techniques that have been proposed to solve this problem. In this review, emphasis is placed on the analysis of the analytical techniques that have been used to consolidate a profile of authenticity and quality in Tequila, thus highlighting new auxiliary analytical techniques to the current verification process, establishing future validation opportunities in terms of international quality control. The use of isotopic ratios stands out as the most robust technique because it establishes the type of sugar source used and the maturation time of the manufacturing process.
Productive activities such as pig farming are a fundamental part of the economy in Mexico. Unfortunately, because of this activity, large quantities of wastewater are generated that have a negative ...impact in the environment. This work shows an alternative for treating piggery wastewater based on advanced oxidation processes (Fenton and solar photo Fenton, SPF) that have been probed successfully in previous works. In the first stage, Fenton and SPF were carried out on a laboratory scale using a Taguchi L9-type experimental design. From the statistical analysis of this design, the operating parameters: pH, time, hydrogen peroxide concentration H2O2, and iron ferrous concentration Fe2+ that maximize the response variables: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and color were chosen. From these, a cascade forward neural network was implemented to establish a correlation between data from the variables to the physicochemical parameters to be measure being that a great fit of the data was obtained having a correlation coefficient of 0.99 which permits to optimize the pollutant degradation and predict the removal efficiencies at pilot scale but with a projection to a future industrial scale. A relevant result, it was found that the optimal values for maximizing the removal of physicochemical parameters were pH = 3, time = 60 min, H2O2/COD = 1.5 mg L−1, and H2O2/Fe2+ = 2.5 mg L−1. With these conditions degradation percentages of 91.44%, 47.14%, and 97.89% for COD, TOC, and color were obtained from the Fenton process, while for SPF the degradation percentage increased moderately. From the ANN analysis, the possibility to establish an intelligent system that permits to predict multiple results from operational conditions has been achieved.
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•Piggery wastewater was treated successfully by Fenton and solar photo Fenton.•Optimization using Taguchi L9 design was improved with the use of machine learning.•Artificial Neural Networks provide a tool for decision-making in wastewater treatment.•Artificial Neural Networks can be applied to evaluate a pilot-scale treatment plant.
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