Como parte de las transformaciones educativas que ocurren en sintonía con el proceso de globalización sociocultural y económica, es importante que en los países latinoamericanos se fortalezca el ...desarrollo de las competencias comunicativas en diferentes idiomas, particularmente en la lengua inglesa, por su gran expansión a nivel mundial. Por supuesto, esta realidad está presente en el contexto ecuatoriano y, en tal sentido, este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir los factores que determinan el desarrollo de las destrezas de escritura de los estudiantes en un contexto en el que el inglés se enseña mediante el enfoque de Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenidos y Lenguas Extranjeras (AICLE). Tanto la recolección como el análisis de los datos se utilizó un método mixto que incluyó elementos del enfoque cualicuantitativo. Los participantes fueron 62 estudiantes de tercer año de bachillerato internacional y 3 profesores de un colegio bilingüe ecuatoriano en English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Los resultados mostraron que, a pesar de que la mayoría de los profesores eran hablantes nativos con un título en enseñanza de inglés como lengua extranjera, carecían de formación en cuestiones relativas al enfoque tales como: el contenido de las asignaturas, la escasa disponibilidad de material didáctico sobre el contenido y la falta de estrategias adecuadas de los profesores para trabajar con las destrezas de escritura, así como la falta de retroalimentación significativa y directa, limitaron el progreso de las destrezas de escritura de los estudiantes en un contexto AICLE.
Taking into consideration the use of the systemic models in interdisciplinary research and education, we analyze the perception of the musical act developed by Talcott Parsons in 1959, based on his ...Structural-Functional Theory for the social analysis of 1951. In this article, the creative act of the develops considering the demands of his role as a composer and performer, and the conditions the society at large imposed. This relationship also involves the interpretation of the inherited musical culture and is related to the composing skills of the author, the instrumental technique of the performer, and musical intelligence. As a case study, we take the emergence of the Mexican bolero to illustrate it. From this sociological approach, we can understand the identity of the Mexican bolero as a product of an era, in which both the composition and the musical performance are adapted to their cultural environment and are part of the society and its structure. Based on Parsons' proposal, we created a conceptual systemic model through four modules: Personal, Behavioral, Social, and Cultural. This model also represents the internalization, learning and socializations processes, which were the interrelationships between the systems for Parsons. Later we began to develop it in a computational systemic model, in which it is intended to measure the different variables of the musical act system, considering different contexts and temporal spaces.
For a long time, expressiveness in musical performance was a question of musical performance and research. It was difficult to explain why musicians arouse aesthetic emotions in their listeners with ...their interpretation. Even so, was more complex to explain why the performance of the same work by various artists provoked different emotional responses in listeners. Thanks to empirical research, our understanding of this phenomenon has improved. However, these theories and discoveries have not permeated teaching practice, so they have not yet taken a new direction in music teaching. In this paper, we proposed a new approach to expressiveness in musical interpretation in a systemic and complex way. For this, we propose a systemic model that allows us to observe the dynamic behavior of the phenomenon of emotional communication in musical interpretation. Furthermore, we suggest a systemic transdisciplinary didactic proposal to encourage the performer to develop their musical identity, reinforce their sensitivity and creativity, and enrich their expression and participatory intention in interpretation.
The World Health Organization recommends high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-based screening for women 39 to 49 years, based on the greater accuracy of hrHPV-based screening for cervical cancer ...detection. Many cervical cancer screening programs have incorporated hrHPV testing and multiple early cervical cancer detection strategies have been evaluated, mostly under controlled conditions. However, there are few evaluations of combined hrHPV and cytology strategies post-implementation at the population level. Our study sought to estimate the relative yield of hrHPV testing compared to cervical cytology, as a primary screening test for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CIN2+), used at the population level. We analyzed screening data from Mexico's public cervical cancer prevention program from 2010 to 2015 in women 35 to 64 years. The study population consisted of two cohorts: one from a total of 2 881 962 cytology-based screening tests and another from a total of 2 004 497 hrHPV-based screening tests, which are concurrent in time. We performed a relative yield analysis using Poisson regression models to compare the effectiveness of hrHPV testing for CIN2+ with cervical cytology. A total of 4 886 459 records were analyzed, including 23 999 biopsies; 0.12% (n = 6166) had a CIN2+ histologic diagnosis. hrHPV testing with cytological triage detects twice as many CIN2+ cases as screening using cytology alone.
BACKGROUNDAchalasia is a rare benign esophageal motor disorder characterized by incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The treatment of achalasia is not curative, but rather ...is aimed at reducing LES pressure. In patients who have failed noninvasive therapy, surgery should be considered. Myotomy with partial fundoplication has been considered the first-line treatment for non-advanced achalasia. Recently, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), a technique that employs the principles of submucosal endoscopy to perform the equivalent of a surgical myotomy, has emerged as a promising minimally invasive technique for the management of this condition. AIMTo compare POEM and laparoscopic myotomy and partial fundoplication (LM-PF) regarding their efficacy and outcomes for the treatment of achalasia. METHODSForty treatment-naive adult patients who had been diagnosed with achalasia based on clinical and manometric criteria (dysphagia score ≥ II and Eckardt score > 3) were randomized to undergo either LM-PF or POEM. The outcome measures were anesthesia time, procedure time, symptom improvement, reflux esophagitis (as determined with the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire), barium column height at 1 and 5 min (on a barium esophagogram), pressure at the LES, the occurrence of adverse events (AEs), length of stay (LOS), and quality of life (QoL). RESULTSThere were no statistically significant differences between the LM-PF and POEM groups regarding symptom improvement at 1, 6, and 12 mo of follow-up (P = 0.192, P = 0.242, and P = 0.242, respectively). However, the rates of reflux esophagitis at 1, 6, and 12 mo of follow-up were significantly higher in the POEM group (P = 0.014, P < 0.001, and P = 0.002, respectively). There were also no statistical differences regarding the manometry values, the occurrence of AEs, or LOS. Anesthesia time and procedure time were significantly shorter in the POEM group than in the LM-PF group (185.00 ± 56.89 and 95.70 ± 30.47 min vs 296.75 ± 56.13 and 218.75 ± 50.88 min, respectively; P = 0.001 for both). In the POEM group, there were improvements in all domains of the QoL questionnaire, whereas there were improvements in only three domains in the LM-PF group. CONCLUSIONPOEM and LM-PF appear to be equally effective in controlling the symptoms of achalasia, shortening LOS, and minimizing AEs. Nevertheless, POEM has the advantage of improving all domains of QoL, and shortening anesthesia and procedure times but with a significantly higher rate of gastroesophageal reflux.
Purpose
Prevalence of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection varies greatly. Data on distribution of hrHPV infection constitute important evidence for decision-making when ...implementing HPV testing into cervical cancer screening programs. We estimate the prevalence of cervical hrHPV infection in a large sample of women in a middle-income country and explore variation by age, community marginalization and region in women using public cervical cancer screening services.
Methods
Records covering 2010–2017 from a registry of hrHPV test results (Hybrid Capture 2 and polymerase chain reaction) in 2,737,022 women 35–64 years were analyzed. In this observational study, 32 states were categorized into five geographical regions and classified by degree of marginalization. We stratified by test type and estimated crude and adjusted prevalence and rate ratios and used Poisson models and joinpoint regression analysis.
Results
Prevalence was higher in women 35–39 years, at 10.4% (95% CI 10.3–10.5) and women 60–64 years, at 10.1% (95% CI 10.0–10.3). Prevalence was higher in the southeast, at 10.5% (95% CI 10.4–10.6). Women living in less marginalized areas had a significantly higher prevalence, at 10.3% (95% CI 10.2–10.4) compared to those in highly marginalized areas, at 8.7% (95% CI 8.5–8.7). HPV16 infection was detected in 0.92% (2,293/23,854) of women and HPV18 infection was detected in 0.39% (978/23,854) of women.
Conclusion
Understanding the distribution of HPV prevalence has value as evidence for developing policy in order to improve cervical cancer screening strategies. These results will constitute evidence to allow decision makers to better choose where to focus those resources that they do have.
To describe the methods of a study aimed at evaluating high risk-HPV (hrHPV)-based screening and cervical cytology as triage compared to conventional cervical cytology as primary screening in the ...detection of grade 2+ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) of Mexico.
We will use information originated from the Womens Cancer Information System of Mexico regarding cervical cancer from 2008 to 2018. The database includes cytology results, diagnostic confirmation by histopathology and/or treatment colposcopy. We will then carry out statistical analyses on approximately 15 million hrHPV.
We will evaluate the overall performance of hrHPV-based screening as part of the NCSP and compare hrHPV-based to cytology-based screening under real-life conditions. To guarantee an unbiased comparison between hrHPV with cytology triage and conventional cytology we will use propensity score matching.
ytology we will use propensity score matching. Conclusion. Decision makers may use our results to identify areas of opportunity for improvement in NCSP processe.
Polypropylene is one of the most consumed thermoplastics in the transformation industry, generating a large volume of post-consumer waste. The practice of reusing materials presents an opportunity ...for the revaluation of post-consumer plastic waste, aiming to minimize the negative impacts of its disposal. In this work, blends of copolymer polypropylene (PPCop) and recycled copolymer polypropylene (PPRec) from industrial containers were evaluated using 20, 40 and 60% of PPRec. The blends were initially prepared in a co-rotational twin screw extruder, and thereafter, the extruded granules were injection molded. The mechanical, thermal, thermomechanical properties and morphology of the blends produced were evaluated. There was an increase in elastic modulus, tensile strength, heat deflection temperature (HDT), Vicat softening temperature and thermal stability, as compared to the PPCop matrix. An increase in crystallinity was observed by Differential Exploration Calorimetry (DSC), being favored by the reduction of the blends viscosity as verified in the melt flow index (MFI). However, losses were seen in impact strength and elongation at break. The morphologies obtained with the Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) are typical of immiscible blends, with spherical domains dispersed in a continuous matrix. The results indicate that PPCop/PPRec blends can contain up to 60% of recycled material by weight, while maintaining quality and reducing the product final cost.
Se realizó una entrevista a profundidad con los productores de maíz del ejido de San Bartolo, municipio de Acayucan, con el objetivo de identificar el manejo agronómico y determinar los costos de ...producción que se presenta en la zona, a fin de analizar las áreas de oportunidad del ejido para brindar alternativas acordes con el manejo en la zona. Los productores del ejido de San Bartolo tienen una edad promedio de 40 años, el 40% de ellos no cuenta con ninguna clase de estudios. El 50% de ellos participa en el programa de gobierno “sembrando vida” recibiendo una ayuda económica mensual de $5,000 pesos, pero ninguno de los entrevistados cuenta con asesoría técnica ni con un seguro agrícola. El 30% de los productores entrevistados prefieren realizar las actividades junto a su familia y no gastarlo en el pago de jornales, el número de jornales empleados varía según el productor. Todos los productores emplean la semilla híbrida Dekalb 390 y las características que mencionan para su uso son: rendimiento, peso en grano, resistencia a la sequía y de alta adaptabilidad. El método utilizado para la siembra es con espeque, empleando dos semillas por golpe, a una distancia entres surcos de 80 cm y 40 cm entre plantas, lo que da una densidad aproximada de 62,500 plantas por hectárea. Los productos sintéticos son los utilizados para el control de malezas y de plagas. La plaga más incidente es el gusano cogollero. Los fertilizantes sintéticos son los empleados. Todos los productores venden su producción a intermediarios a un bajo precio de venta.
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