Organic multiblock heterostructure nanowires (OMHNs), integrating distinct components in the same axial structure, have attracted much attention due to their excellent properties such as intrinsic ...good light confinement and rectification characteristics. However, rationally incorporating such features into OMHNs with rigorous 1D morphology control remains a key synthetic objective. It is because that the single components possess fundamentally distinctive properties such as size‐dependent electronic, optical, and magnetic features as well as lattice parameters. In the last decade, researchers made their own efforts to this exciting field, especially from the controlled fabrication to the advanced applications of the multiblock nanowires. As a result, various OMHNs have been developed as very promising candidates for high‐performance optoelectronic applications such as light harvesting, logic gate devices, photonic transistors, and photonic anticounterfeiting. Herein, the recent advances of OMHNs from the aspects of molecular design, synthesis, and advanced applications are reviewed, and an outlook is given providing inspiration for the future development of OMHNs toward integrated optoelectronic at nanoscale.
Organic multiblock heterostructure nanowires have attracted much interest from researchers owing to their excellent properties such as intrinsic good light confinement and rectification characteristics. This review summarizes the recent advances in organic multiblock heterostructure nanowires from the aspects of components, methods, and applications and gives outlook, providing inspiration for the rational design of organic complex structures with desired performance.
Low‐dimensional organic crystals (LOCs) have attracted increasing attention recently for their potential applications in miniaturized optoelectronics and integrated photonics. Such applications are ...possible owing to their tunable physicochemical properties and excellent charge/photon transport features. As a result, the precise synthesis of LOCs has been examined in terms of morphology modulation, large‐area pattern arrays, and complex architectures, and this has led to a series of appealing structure‐dependent properties for future optoelectronic applications. This review summarizes the recent advances in the precise synthesis of LOCs in addition to discussing their structure–property relationships in the context of optoelectronic applications. It also presents the current challenges related to organic crystals with specific structures and desired performances, and the outlook regarding their use in next‐generation integrated optoelectronic applications.
Low‐dimensional organic crystals with specific structures are crucial for improving the performances of integrated optoelectronics, especially in the contexts of morphology modulation, pattern arrays, and complex architectures. This review provides a critical summary of the state‐of‐the‐art in the field of low‐dimensional organic crystals, from their precise synthesis to their optoelectronic applications, and provides an outlook for this research area.
Organic heterostructure nanowires, such as multiblock, core/shell, branch-like and related compounds, have attracted chemists' extensive attention because of their novel physicochemical properties. ...However, owing to the difficulty in solving the lattice mismatch of distinct molecules, the construction of organic heterostructures at large scale remains challenging, which restricts its wide use in future applications. In this work, we define a concept of lattice-mismatch-free for hierarchical self-assembly of organic semiconductor molecules, allowing for the large-scale synthesis of organic heterostructure nanowires composed of the organic alloys and cocrystals. Thus, various types of organic triblock nanowires are prepared in large scale, and the length ratio of different segments of the triblock nanowires can be precisely regulated by changing the stoichiometric ratio of different components. These results pave the way towards fine synthesis of heterostructures in a large scale and facilitate their applications in organic optoelectronics at micro/nanoscale.
Nowadays, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used in the field of hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. However, a major feature of HSIs is their rich spectral-spatial information ...with hundreds of continuous bands. This inevitably incurs the problems of high computational cost for network optimization and high interredundancy in the convolution kernels. To solve these problems, in this article, we rethink HSIs from the spectral perspective and introduce a lightweight operator called involution, which can effectively solve the above limitations. Different from traditional convolution kernels, the involution kernels pay more attention to the features of the channels but usually ignore the spatial features in the receptive field. To incorporate both spatial and spectral information, we construct a dual-pooling layer and design a novel involution-2D operator and its more lightweight version, involution-1D operator. Finally, an efficient spatial-spectral interaction network (ESSINet) for HSI classification is proposed based on these two new operators, which can make the spatial-spectral information in HSIs interact more closely. Extensive experimental results on four public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed ESSINet over some state-of-the-art CNN-based networks.
Multicolor luminescence of organic fluorescent materials is an essential part of lighting and optical communication. However, the conventional construction of a multicolor luminescence system based ...on integrating multiple organic fluorescent materials of a single emission band remains complicated and to be improved. Herein, organic alloys (OAs) capable of full‐color emission are synthesized based on charge transfer (CT) cocrystals. By adjusting the molar ratio of electron donors, the emission color of the OAs can be conveniently and continuously regulated in a wide visible range from blue (CIE: 0.187, 0.277), to green (CIE: 0.301, 0.550), and to red (CIE: 0.561, 0.435). The OAs show analogous 1D morphology with smooth surface, allowing for full‐color waveguides with low optical‐loss coefficient. Impressively, full‐color optical displays are easily achieved through the OAs system with continuous emission, which shows promising applications in the field of optical display and promotes the development of organic photonics.
Through alloy engineering based on the cocrystals consisting of four electron donors with 1,2,4,5‐tetracyanobenzene, a wide range of continuously tunable luminescence from 480 to 620 nm is realized. These crystalline materials are well applied to full‐color displays and optical waveguides. This work offers a novel way to realize the full‐color emission.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 85% of all lung cancer cases. Inflammation has been proven to be one of the ...characteristics of malignant tumors. Chronic inflammatory response mediated by cytokines in the tumor microenvironment is an important factor in tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study was to observe and evaluate the value of red blood cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio (HRR) in the progression of NSCLC. A total of 245 patients with NSCLC, 97 patients with benign pulmonary nodules, and 94 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Factors, such as age, gender, smoking history, histological type, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, TNM stage, and differentiation degree were statistically analyzed. The correlation of RDW, NLR, and HRR of patients with NSCLC with other clinical experimental parameters were also analyzed. Then, the diagnostic value of RDW, NLR, and HRR in the progression of NSCLC was evaluated. RDW, NLR, and HRR could be used to distinguish patients with NSCLC from healthy controls (p < 0.05). In addition, only the RDW in the NSCLC group with III-IV stage was significantly different from that in the benign pulmonary nodules group (p = 0.033), while NLR and HRR could significantly distinguish patients with NSCLC and benign pulmonary nodules (p < 0.001). RDW and NLR were positively correlated with NSCLC stage, whereas HRR was negatively correlated with NSCLC stage. RDW, NLR, and HRR were also significantly associated with the differentiation degree of NSCLC (p < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the combination of RDW with NLR, HRR, and CEA could show significantly higher diagnostic value than any one marker alone (AUC = 0.925, 95% CI: 0.897-0.954, and sensitivity and specificity of 79.60% and 93.60%, respectively). RDW, NLR, and HRR can be utilized as simple and effective biomarkers for the diagnosis and evaluation of NSCLC progression.
The rapid development of information technology has resulted in a growing demand for low‐dimensional photonic materials. Organic semiconductor materials play an important role in various photonic ...devices due to their adjustable physicochemical properties, while individual organic crystals do not exhibit the desired performance due to the limitations of their simple structure. Branched organic crystals with inherent multichannel characteristics based on π‐conjugated molecules are favorable components in optoelectronics. However, the preparation of branched organic crystals still faces great challenges before they can be applied in integrated optoelectronic devices. In this Review, the development and representative examples of branched organic crystals in terms of molecular design, synthesis, and advanced applications are discussed. We also provide a summary and outlook for the direction of future research on branched organic crystals as excellent candidates in photonic integrated circuits.
Low‐dimensional hierarchical organic crystals with branched architectures are suitable fundamental building blocks in integrated photonic devices because of their inherent multichannel characteristics for the efficient generation and processing of optical signals. This Review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis and photonic applications of organic branched crystals as well as the challenges and prospects for their future development.
Summary
This research delved into the role of gluten fractions on digestion, physical properties and structure of wheat starch (WS)–lauric acid (LA) system under non‐alkaline/alkaline conditions. ...Results showed that gluten fractions decreased the digestion of WS with LA and gliadin had greater effect on the digestion of WS with LA under non‐alkaline/alkaline conditions than glutenin. Specifically, gliadin increased RS content of WS with LA by 70.99% and 84.89%, respectively, under non‐alkaline and alkaline conditions. The diminished in WS digestion caused by gluten fractions and LA ascribed to the decrease in swelling power and leaching of starch. Rapid viscosity analyser (RVA) demonstrated that gluten fractions were conducive to WS–LA and/or WS–LA–protein complexes formation and gliadin was more helpful to these complexes' formation than glutenin under non‐alkaline conditions. Additionally, gliadin had greater effect on the stability and short‐range ordered structure of WS with LA than glutenin. Addition of gliadin resulted in 6.79% and 13.33% of increase in short‐range orderliness compared with WS–LA system under non‐alkaline and alkaline conditions, respectively. Furthermore, gluten fractions had greater influence on the digestion of WS with LA under alkaline conditions than non‐alkaline conditions ascribed to the formation of WS–LA and/or WS–LA–protein complexes with low swelling power and high ordered structure under alkaline conditions. This study provided crucial information on the design of starchy foods with low digestion.
Gluten fractions decreased the digestion of wheat starch with lauric acid system ascribed to the formation of WS–LA and/or WS–LA–protein complexes with high short‐range ordered structure, which decreased the swelling power and leaching of starch. Furthermore, gluten fractions had greater influence on the digestion of WS with LA system under alkaline conditions than non‐alkaline conditions.
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), such as delirium and cognitive impairment, are commonly encountered complications in aged patients. The inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid ...(GABA) is aberrantly synthesized from reactive astrocytes following inflammatory stimulation and is implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, the activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in PND. Herein, we aimed to investigate whether the NLRP3-GABA signaling pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of aging mice's PND.
24-month-old C57BL/6 and astrocyte-specific NLRP3 knockout male mice were used to establish a PND model via tibial fracture surgery. The monoamine oxidase-B (MAOB) inhibitor selegiline (1 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered once a day for 7 days after the surgery. PND, including impulsive-like behaviors and cognitive impairment, was evaluated by open field test, elevated plus maze, and fear conditioning. Thereafter, pathological changes of neurodegeneration were explored by western blot and immunofluorescence assays.
Selegiline administration significantly ameliorated TF-induced impulsive-like behaviors and reduced excessive GABA production in reactive hippocampal astrocytes. Moreover, astrocyte-specific NLRP3 knockout mice reversed TF-induced impulsive-like and cognitive impairment behaviors, decreased GABA levels in reactive astrocytes, ameliorated NLRP3-associated inflammatory responses during the early stage, and restored neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus.
Our findings suggest that anesthesia and surgical procedures trigger neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits, which may be due to NLRP3-GABA activation in the hippocampus of aged mice.
Organic single crystals with near‐infrared (NIR) emission demonstrate their excellent optical communications from well photonic confinement and low optical waveguide loss, which are considered as ...competitive candidates toward advanced optoelectronics. However, the increasingly diverse and sophisticated application demands result in the complicated design of NIR devices, which is hardly realized solely by the intrinsic properties of individual crystals. Herein, a programmable assembly strategy is presented to fabricate organic heterostructures. Triphenylene (TP), pyrene (Py) and 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) are primary selected to prepared organic cocrystals with narrow band gap and near‐infrared emission. Importantly, the charge‐transfer alloy with tunable emission from 700 nm to 850 nm and branched heterostructures with multichannel characteristics are prepared from these organic cocrystals by following the growth kinetics process at molecular level and lattice matching principle at structural level, respectively. Theses prepared heterostructures exhibit optical logic operation capabilities, which can serve as optical modulators. This work provides new insights into the manufacturing of organic NIR heterostructures applied in advanced optoelectronics.
A programmed assembly strategy is developed for functional near‐infrared photonics. Through regulating the kinetic process of molecular self‐assembly, the sequential synthesis of molecule‐cocrystal‐alloy‐heterostructure have realized. This research not only offers guidance for the design of complex crystalline structures, but also provides a versatile device for near‐infrared integrated circuits.
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