This paper presents a literature review relating to the potential waste glass collection and processing as glass cullet for its use as raw material in secondary markets. Emphasis is given to the ...application of glass cullet in the construction industry, other than as construction aggregate, especially in ceramic-based products, including ceramic bricks, tiles and their glazing, glass-ceramics, foam glass-ceramics, and porcelain. These applications also include the use of glass cullet as a filtration medium, constituent in epoxy resins, in the production of glass fibres, elastomeric roof coatings, aesthetic finishing materials, abrasive material for surface cleaning, and paint filler. The analysis and evaluation of the vast amount of experimental research showed that glass cullet is a potentially valuable resource for the manufacture of ceramic-based products, where it can be used as substitute for expensive natural resources, improving the products’ physical, mechanical and environmental performance.
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•This paper presents a review on glass cullet (GC) in ceramics and other products.•Other uses include filtration media, glass fibres, blast abrasive, roof coating.•Incorporation of GC in ceramic-based products presents high technical feasibility.•The use of GC can reduce the environmental impact of the ceramic industry.
Despite animal models showing that natural killer (NK) cells are important players in the early defense against many viral infections, the NK cell response is poorly understood in humans. Here we ...analyze the phenotype, temporal dynamics, regulation and trafficking of NK cells in a patient cohort with acute dengue virus infection. NK cells are robustly activated and proliferate during the first week after symptom debut. Increased IL-18 levels in plasma and in induced skin blisters of DENV-infected patients, as well as concomitant signaling downstream of the IL-18R, suggests an IL-18-dependent mechanism in driving the proliferative NK cell response. Responding NK cells have a less mature phenotype and a distinct chemokine-receptor imprint indicative of skin-homing. A corresponding NK cell subset can be localized to skin early during acute infection. These data provide evidence of an IL-18-driven NK cell proliferation and priming for skin-homing during an acute viral infection in humans.
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is the most common clinical condition occurring in adult dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits of daily dental chew administration on oral ...health outcomes in adult dogs. Twelve adult (mean age = 5.31 ± 1.08 yr; mean BW = 13.12 ± 1.39 kg) female beagle dogs were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design consisting of 28-d periods. On day 0 of each period, teeth were cleaned by a veterinary dentist blinded to treatments. Teeth then were scored for plaque, calculus, and gingivitis by the same veterinary dentist on day 28 of each period. Breath samples were measured for malodor (volatile sulfur compounds) on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 27 of each period. All dogs consumed the same commercial dry diet throughout the study. Control dogs were offered the diet only (CT), while treatment groups received the diet plus one of three dental chews. Two novel chews (Bones & Chews Dental Treats BC; Chewy, Inc., Dania Beach, FL and Dr. Lyon’s Grain-Free Dental Treats DL; Dr. Lyon’s, LLC, Dania Beach, FL) and a leading brand chew (Greenies Dental Treats GR; Mars Petcare US, Franklin, TN) were tested. Each day, one chew was provided 4 h after mealtime. All tooth scoring data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS (version 9.4; SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Halimeter data were analyzed using repeated measures using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS and testing for differences due to treatment, time, and treatment * time interaction. Data are reported as LS means ± SEM with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. DL performed at the same level as the leading brand, GR, as both resulted in lower (P < 0.05) plaque coverage and thickness scores, calculus coverage scores, and day 27 volatile sulfur concentrations compared with CT. Additionally, DL reduced (P < 0.05) volatile sulfur compounds on day 14 when compared with CT. BC reduced (P < 0.05) calculus coverage and day 27 volatile sulfur concentrations compared with CT. Our results suggest that the dental chews tested in this study may help slow the development and/or progression of PD in dogs.
Magnesium is one of the most important bivalent ions associated with biological apatite. A series of magnesium-substituted calcium apatite coatings (Ca
10−
x
Mg
x
)(PO
4)
6(OH)
2, where
x
=
0, 0.50, ...1.00, 1.50 and 2.00, are synthesized onto Ti6Al4V substrate by sol–gel dip-coating method to determine how magnesium influences the synthesis and the resulting structural and biological properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the incorporation of magnesium helps formation of Mg-containing β-TCP (β-TCMP) phase. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to study the chemical composition and the results show that the apatite structure can only host magnesium less than ∼2.4
wt.% beyond which magnesium aggregates on the surfaces. The incorporation of magnesium slows down the dissolution of Ca
2+ from the coating. The
in vitro behavior of the coatings is evaluated with human osteosarcoma MG63 cells for cell morphology and proliferation. Similar cell morphologies are observed on all coatings. The cell proliferation results show that the incorporation of magnesium up to
x
=
2 has no adverse effect on cell growth.
We investigated the expression of the mRNA encoding the oxytocin receptor (OTR) in rat myometrium throughout gestation and
its regulation by progesterone and mechanical stretch. Using a ...semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
approach, OTR mRNA was found to increase abruptly at the onset of spontaneous labor at term. Progesterone (4 mg/day) starting
on Day 20 of gestation blocked this increase. Ovariectomy on Day 17 induced preterm labor 96 h after surgery and a significant
increase in myometrial OTR mRNA levels 48 and 96 h after surgery. Both preterm labor and the rise in myometrial OTR expression
were blocked by progesterone. To investigate the effects of stretch on myometrial OTR mRNA expression, unilaterally pregnant
rats underwent either sham operation or placement of a tube in the nongravid uterine horn to distend the myometrium. On Day
20, stretch had no effect on OTR expression in the nongravid horns. During labor, OTR mRNA was highly expressed in the gravid
horns as well as the nongravid stretched horns. In contrast, the level remained low in the nongravid unstretched horns. These
results indicate that expression of rat myometrial OTR mRNA during pregnancy and labor is regulated by coordinated interactions
between mechanical and endocrine signals.
To assess the effect of axial length (AL) on the prevalence of pathologic myopia (PM) and associated myopic features in a Singaporean hospital-based cohort of patient with high myopia (HM).
In total, ...923 HM eyes from 495 individuals were recruited from the Myopic and Pathologic Eyes in Singapore (MyoPES) cohort and underwent ocular biometry, fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, and swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Images were analyzed for the presence of myopic macular degeneration (MMD), myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV), myopic traction maculopathy (MTM), peripapillary atrophy (PPA), myopic tilted disc, posterior staphyloma (PS), dome-shaped macula (DSM), vitremacular adhesions (VMA), and the epiretinal membrane (ERM). Eyes were stratified into quartiles based on ALs to determine cut-off values to perform comparisons between shorter-length and longer-length groups. A χ
-test was done to determine the difference in the prevalence of pathologies between groups.
Overall, mean AL was 29.2 ± 2.2 mm (range 25.0-36.7 mm). Myopic macular degeneration, PPA, myopic tilted disc, and ERM have AL threshold of ≥27.5 mm, whereas MTM has an AL threshold of ≥29.0 mm. We found that there was a significantly higher prevalence of MMD (88.2 vs. 49.4%;
< 0.001), PPA (98.1 vs. 80.1%;
< 0.001), myopic tilted disc (72.7 vs. 50.2%;
< 0.001), and ERM (81.4 vs. 17.3%;
= 0.003) in eyes with AL ≥ 27.5 mm vs. eyes without AL <27.5 mm. Prevalence of MTM (34.7 vs. 32.1%;
< 0.001), mCNV (17.4 vs. 12.1%;
= 0.03), PS (43.4 vs. 34.7%;
= 0.012), DSM (21.3 vs. 13.2%;
= 0.002), and VMA (5.9 vs. 2.6%;
= 0.014) in eyes with AL ≥ 29.0 mm compared with AL < 29.0 mm.
Our study describes the overall prevalence of PM and related pathologies among patients with HM in our hospital-based cohort. Longer eyes even among HM eyes had a significantly higher prevalence of PM-associated pathologies studied. This supports the premise that eyes with longer AL, even among HM eyes may be at greater risk of vision-threatening changes and therefore merit regular follow-up.
Intra-articular therapies, such as steroid injection, viscosupplement injection and acupuncture, are common non-surgical options for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. With any intra-articular ...injection or acupuncture procedure, there is a potential for inoculation with bacteria leading to possible knee infection. The authors report a patient who incurred an acute infection found after a total knee arthroplasty attributed to prior acupuncture procedure done as part of conservative treatment.
We examined expression of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding the prostaglandin F(2alpha) receptor in the rat myometrium throughout late gestation and its regulation by progesterone and mechanical ...stretch.
Normal pregnant rats were killed on gestational day 15, 22, or 23 (during labor) or 1 day post partum. The effects of progesterone on prostaglandin F(2alpha) receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels were investigated by daily injections of progesterone (4 mg) from day 20 of normal gestation or from day 17 in rats bilaterally ovariectomized on day 17. To investigate the effects of myometrial stretch, unilaterally pregnant rats underwent either sham surgery or placement of a polyvinyl tube 3 mm in diameter in the nongravid uterine horn on day 15 or 18 and were killed 5 days later. Prostaglandin F(2alpha) receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the myometrium were determined by a semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method.
Myometrial prostaglandin F(2alpha) receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels significantly increased during both term and ovariectomy-induced preterm labor. This increase was blocked by progesterone. In rats with unilateral pregnancies prostaglandin F(2alpha) receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the nongravid horns were similar to those in the contralateral gravid horns on day 20 and during labor regardless of whether they were stretched by a 3-mm tube.
Increased myometrial expression of prostaglandin F(2alpha) receptor messenger ribonucleic acid during term and preterm labor is temporally associated with progesterone withdrawal but is not dependent on mechanical stretch of the myometrium.
Objective: We examined expression of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding the prostaglandin F
2α receptor in the rat myometrium throughout late gestation and its regulation by progesterone and ...mechanical stretch.
Study Design: Normal pregnant rats were killed on gestational day 15, 22, or 23 (during labor) or 1 day post partum. The effects of progesterone on prostaglandin F
2α receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels were investigated by daily injections of progesterone (4 mg) from day 20 of normal gestation or from day 17 in rats bilaterally ovariectomized on day 17. To investigate the effects of myometrial stretch, unilaterally pregnant rats underwent either sham surgery or placement of a polyvinyl tube 3 mm in diameter in the nongravid uterine horn on day 15 or 18 and were killed 5 days later. Prostaglandin F
2α receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the myometrium were determined by a semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction method.
Results: Myometrial prostaglandin F
2α receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels significantly increased during both term and ovariectomy-induced preterm labor. This increase was blocked by progesterone. In rats with unilateral pregnancies prostaglandin F
2α receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the nongravid horns were similar to those in the contralateral gravid horns on day 20 and during labor regardless of whether they were stretched by a 3-mm tube.
Conclusion: Increased myometrial expression of prostaglandin F
2α receptor messenger ribonucleic acid during term and preterm labor is temporally associated with progesterone withdrawal but is not dependent on mechanical stretch of the myometrium. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:919-25.)
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