Objective
To estimate the prevalence and severity of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in 8 years old children living in an endemic fluorosis area.
Methods
MIH prevalence rate was determined ...from a study sample comprising 613 participants. They were recruited from 11 urban public schools with similar socio‐economic status. Oral evaluations were performed and diagnosed MIH teeth were classified under Ghanim et al.'s criteria. Statistical descriptive and comparative analyzes were carried out.
Results
First permanent molars were the tooth group most affected, followed by the upper central incisors, lower central incisors, lower lateral incisors, and upper lateral incisors. There was no significant statistical difference by gender and by maxillary/mandible arches (P = 0.82 and 0.26, respectively). The frequency of MIH was more in molars compared to incisors (P < 0.02).
Conclusions
The MIH prevalence in this study was 12.4 percent. According to the MIH severity, degree 2 was the most frequently detected (76.4 percent).
Due to the growing interest in developing bioplastic films from renewable sources, the performance of biocomposite films produced of native starch from cassava clones reinforced with cassava bagasse ...was explored. The biocomposites were prepared from the starch of cassava clones MMEXV5, MMEXV40, and MMEXCH23, reinforced with bagasse at 1%, 5%, and 15%. Their structural, mechanical, and thermal properties were subsequently assessed. When analyzing the starch, differences in the intensities of the Raman spectra exhibit a possible variation in the amylose-amylopectin ratio. In the biocomposites, the bagasse was efficiently incorporated into polymeric matrixes and their thermogravimetric analysis revealed the compatibility of the matrix-reinforcement. The starch films from the MMEXV40 clone showed better tension (2.53 MPa) and elastic modulus (60.49 MPa). The assessed mechanical properties were also affected by bagasse concentration. Because of the above, the MMEXV40 cassava clone showed potential to develop polymeric materials, given its tuberous roots high yield, starch extraction, and good performance in its mechanical properties. At the same time, the starch source (clone) and the bagasse concentration interfere with the final properties of the biocomposites.
The objective of the present research work was to study the morphoagronomic and industrial performance of three cassava clones. The study was carried out in two stages: A) the MMEXV5, MMEXV40, and ...MMEXCH23 clones were established in a subhumid warm climate; B) the storage roots were processed. For the first essay, a randomized complete block design was used, while for the second essay, a completely randomized design was used. An ANOVA analysis was done, as well as a means comparison (Tukey, 0.05) and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The ANOVA showed differences in the evaluated traits (p ≤ 0.05). The MMEXV5 clone showed high storage roots yield (RY = 41.24 t ha-1), plant height (PH = 4.79 m), and pulp (PUL = 80.58%); MMEXCH23 achieved higher contents of bagasse and peel; while, MMEXV40 had the highest total starch extraction (STL = 12.57%). Additionally, the three clones reached high dry matter content (DM = 34.22 to 38%), trait considered a quality factor. The PCA showed that RY was associated with a higher number of storage roots generated, PH, PUL, and lobe dimensions; but, the clones with high RY and PH developed poor DM and yield of starch extraction. Finally, the valorization of the evaluated germplasm could make cassava into the basic raw material in a great variety of products with high added value for the food and non-food industry, even obtain bioproducts and bioenergy through the conversion of bagasse and peel.
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