Germany's national meteorological service (Deutscher Wetterdienst, DWD) is the responsible authority for monitoring climate change in Germany. To fulfill this task it operates the National Climate ...Data Centre ("Nationales KlimaDatenZentrum, NKDZ"). The historical and current instrumental measurements and visual observations of DWD's station network are archived, quality-controlled and used to provide aggregated products, as for example daily and monthly means or climate normals. Gridded data are generated and used to derive time series of national and regional averages. Phenological observations and radiosonde data are also part of the data base. In recent years, additional historical data have been digitized to expand the data base. The products are used for informing the public, e.g. as an element of the German climate atlas (http://www.deutscher-klimaatlas.de). One major recent activity was the provision of information for the new climatological reference interval 1981–2010 and an updated climatological analysis based on the newly digitized data.
The COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action ES0601: advances in homogenization methods of climate series: an integrated approach (HOME) has executed a blind intercomparison and ...validation study for monthly homogenization algorithms. Time series of monthly temperature and precipitation were evaluated because of their importance for climate studies and because they represent two important types of statistics (additive and multiplicative). The algorithms were validated against a realistic benchmark dataset. The benchmark contains real inhomogeneous data as well as simulated data with inserted inhomogeneities. Random independent break-type inhomogeneities with normally distributed breakpoint sizes were added to the simulated datasets. To approximate real world conditions, breaks were introduced that occur simultaneously in multiple station series within a simulated network of station data. The simulated time series also contained outliers, missing data periods and local station trends. Further, a stochastic nonlinear global (network-wide) trend was added. Participants provided 25 separate homogenized contributions as part of the blind study. After the deadline at which details of the imposed inhomogeneities were revealed, 22 additional solutions were submitted. These homogenized datasets were assessed by a number of performance metrics including (i) the centered root mean square error relative to the true homogeneous value at various averaging scales, (ii) the error in linear trend estimates and (iii) traditional contingency skill scores. The metrics were computed both using the individual station series as well as the network average regional series. The performance of the contributions depends significantly on the error metric considered. Contingency scores by themselves are not very informative. Although relative homogenization algorithms typically improve the homogeneity of temperature data, only the best ones improve precipitation data. Training the users on homogenization software was found to be very important. Moreover, state-of-the-art relative homogenization algorithms developed to work with an inhomogeneous reference are shown to perform best. The study showed that automatic algorithms can perform as well as manual ones.
Monitoring of climate change in Germany Kaspar, F; Müller-Westermeier, G; Penda, E ...
Advances in science and research,
01/2013, Letnik:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Germany's national meteorological service (Deutscher Wetterdienst, DWD) is the responsible authority for monitoring climate change in Germany. To fulfill this task it operates the National Climate ...Data Centre ("Nationales KlimaDatenZentrum, NKDZ"). The historical and current instrumental measurements and visual observations of DWD's station network are archived, quality-controlled and used to provide aggregated products, as for example daily and monthly means or climate normals. Gridded data are generated and used to derive time series of national and regional averages. Phenological observations and radiosonde data are also part of the data base. In recent years, additional historical data have been digitized to expand the data base. The products are used for informing the public, e.g. as an element of the German climate atlas (http://www.deutscher-klimaatlas.de). One major recent activity was the provision of information for the new climatological reference interval 1981-2010 and an updated climatological analysis based on the newly digitized data.
Within a bilateral project of the meteorological services in Germany and Slovakia, time series of phenological phases in both countries have been analysed and compared for the time period 1951-2000. ...Phases of plants from all seasons which are available in both countries have been selected for a sample of eight representative stations from the observation networks of the meteorological services. The investigation comprises trend analysis, comparison of medians of the phase onset date and its year-to-year variability, their changes between the subperiods 1951-1985 and 1986-2000 and correlation with monthly averaged air temperature near surface. Differences between the phase onset dates in Germany and Slovakia can be found especially for early spring, when the onset dates are sooner and the year-to-year variability is higher in Germany compared to Slovakia. Later on in the year, differences between maritime and more continental regions within Germany become more important than differences between the two countries. The trend analysis shows that trends to sooner onset dates in spring and summer for the period 1951-2000 can be detected in general clearly in Germany, while in Slovakia trends of different sign and weaker trends can more often be found. Since the correlation between phenological phases and temperature is strong in both countries and also certain patterns of variability appear in both countries, the variability of phenological phases reflects large-scale climate change and its impact on vegetation. A future international action on a European basis is suggested to create a phenological reference data set for the area of Europe, providing a data base for climate monitoring applications and climate change impact research.
Während globale Temperaturreihen, die zur Verifizierung des von numerischen Modellen prognostizierten anthropogenen Treibhauseffekts benötigt werden, nur 100 bis 120 Jahre zurückreichen, liegen aus ...Mitteleuropa einige Temperaturmeßreihen vor, die vor 1800 beginnen. Es wird untersucht, inwieweit ein anthropogener Temperaturanstieg in diesen Reihen erkennbar ist. Seit der 2. Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts zeigt sich wie bei den globalen Temperaturreihen meist ein Anstieg um etwa 0,5 K, der recht gut zu dem Temperaturtrend paßt, der aufgrund der bisherigen Zunahme der Konzentration strahlungsaktiver Spurengase erwartet wird. Am Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts finden sich jedoch vielfach ebenso hohe Jahresmitteltemperaturen wie heute. Es muß daher natürliche Ursachen geben, die in Zeiträumen von Jahrzehnten und Jahrhunderten zumindest ebenso große klimatische Variationen verursachen wie die bisherigen anthropogenen Einflüsse. Der prognostizierte Erwärmungstrend läßt sich daher noch nicht nachweisen.
The Greater Alpine Region (the GAR) covering the area between 4-19 degree E and 43-50 degree N and an altitude range between 0 and more than 4000 m asl. offers a challenging climate worth to be ...studied in any detail. However, it is surprising that up to now no comprehensive Alpine Temperature Climatology covering the whole region is existing. To overcome this deficiency as a first step we want to produce monthly temperature maps for this region in spatial resolution as high as possible. The period under investigation will be 1961-1990. In this paper we will describe the first steps of our initiative as well as the further plans.
The Greater Alpine Region (the GAR) covering the area between 4-19°E and 43-50°N and an altitude range between 0 and more than 4000 m asl. offers a challenging climate worth to be studied in any ...detail. However, it is surprising that up to now no comprehensive Alpine Temperature Climatology covering the whole region is existing. To overcome this deficiency as a first step we want to produce monthly temperature maps for this region in spatial resolution as high as possible. The period under investigation will be 1961-1990. In this paper we will describe the first steps of our initiative as well as the further plans.
For the first time a station of the eastern part of Germany is presented. Rather undisturbed daily observations since 1821 could be evaluated. This makes this series one of the longest climatological ...time series in Germany. After a description of the station and its history the main climatological parameters are discussed and described in the light of 13 diagrams and three summary tables. This is followed by an extensive collection of tables. In 197 tables widely similar to the tables of previous monographs especially the climate of the new international reference period 1961 - 1990 is presented. As far as possible this is compared with similar data of former reference periods and of the whole available period.Original Abstract: Mit der Beschreibung des Klimas von Jena wird die Reihe von Bearbeitungen der Beobachtungsreihen ausgewaehlter Orte in Deutschland fortgesetzt. Erstmals wird damit eine Station aus den neuen Bundeslaendern vorgestellt. Dabei konnten weitgehend ungestoerte taegliche Messungen und Beobachtungen seit 1821 ausgewertet werden. Damit gehoert die bearbeitete Reihe zu den laengsten klimatologischen Messreihen in Deutschland. Nach einer Beschreibung der Station und ihrer Geschichte werden die wesentlichen klimatologischen Parameter diskutiert und anhand von 13 Abbildungen und drei Tabellenuebersichten erlaeutert. Daran schliesst sich der umfangreiche Tabellenteil an. Darin wird in 197 Tabellen weitgehend in Anlehnung an die bewaehrten Tabellen der bisherigen Monographien im wesentlichen das Klima des neuen internationalen Referenzzeitraums 1961 - 1990 dargestellt. Soweit moeglich werden diese Werte den entsprechenden Daten frueherer Bezugsperioden und des gesamten verfuegbaren Zeitraums gegenuebergestellt.
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