Medical information is private, and medical data are valuable for medical research. Thus, medical information sharing is challenging because the data might be manipulated improperly and revealed ...during the operational process. The accuracy and integrity of medical information should be guaranteed throughout the sharing process. Medical institutions require shared information for scientific research and development; however, the issue of privacy inhibits the sharing process. In this article, we propose a new business process and a blockchain-based platform for medical information sharing. Our method exploits the advantages of blockchain in medical information recording and sharing. Information can be stored, shared, and credibly verified among parties in the distributed network. In addition, we propose a new consensus algorithm and a universal anonymous sharing model. These methods improve the efficiency and security of medical information sharing between users. In this way, both the information and the traces of the transaction can be stored in a distributed manner to prevent manipulation and fraud. Consequently, the value of medical information can be fully utilized.
Room-temperature phosphorescent materials that emit light in the visible (red, green, and blue; from 400 to 700 nm) have been a major focus of research and development during the past decades, due to ...their applications in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), light-emitting electrochemical cells, photovoltaic cells, chemical sensors, and bio-imaging. In recent years, near-infrared (NIR) phosphorescence beyond the visible region (7002500 nm) has emerged as a new, promising, and challenging research field with potential applications toward NIR OLEDs, telecommunications, night vision-readable displays. Moreover, NIR phosphorescence holds promise for
in vivo
imaging, because cells and tissues exhibit little absorption and auto-fluorescence in this spectral region. This review describes the overall progress made in the past ten years on NIR phosphorescent transition-metal complexes including Cu(
i
), Cu(
ii
), Cr(
iii
), Re(
i
), Re(
iii
), Ru(
ii
), Os(
ii
), Ir(
iii
), Pt(
ii
), Pd(
ii
), Au(
i
), and Au(
iii
) complexes, with a primary focus on material design complemented with a selection of optical, electronic, sensory, and biologic applications. A critical comparison of various NIR phosphorescent materials reported in the literature and a blueprint for future development in this field are also provided.
An overview of the latest developments and applications in the field of room-temperature near-infrared phosphorescent transition-metal complexes is given.
In angiosperms, mature pollen is wrapped by a pollen wall, which is important for maintaining pollen structure and function. Pollen walls provide protection from various environmental stresses and ...preserve pollen germination and pollen tube growth. The pollen wall structure has been described since pollen ultrastructure investigations began in the 1960s. Pollen walls, which are the most intricate cell walls in plants, are composed of two layers: the exine layer and intine layer. Pollen wall formation is a complex process that occurs via a series of biological events that involve a large number of genes. In recent years, many reports have described the molecular mechanisms of pollen exine development. The formation process includes the development of the callose wall, the wavy morphology of primexine, the biosynthesis and transport of sporopollenin in the tapetum, and the deposition of the pollen coat. The formation mechanism of the intine layer is different from that of the exine layer. However, few studies have focused on the regulatory mechanisms of intine development. The primary component of the intine layer is pectin, which plays an essential role in the polar growth of pollen tubes. Demethylesterified pectin is mainly distributed in the shank region of the pollen tube, which can maintain the hardness of the pollen tube wall. Methylesterified pectin is mainly located in the top region, which is beneficial for improving the plasticity of the pollen tube top. In this review, we summarize the developmental process of the anther, pollen and pollen wall in Arabidopsis; furthermore, we describe the research progress on the pollen wall formation pattern and its molecular mechanisms in detail.
Background Inflammatory cytokines play a major role in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction (MI). Although information on the importance of interleukin 13 (IL13) in human MI is limited, it has ...been well documented in the mouse model. Genetic variation in the IL13 gene has been associated with the structure and expression of the IL13. In the present study, we hypothesized that IL13 common genetic variants would be associated with a predisposition to the development of MI. Materials and methods The present study enrolled 305 MI patients and 310 matched healthy controls. Common genetic polymorphisms in the IL13 gene (rs20541, rs1881457, and rs1800925) were genotyped using the TaqMan SNP genotyping method. Plasma levels of IL13 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results In MI patients, minor alleles of the IL13 rs1881457 and rs1800925 polymorphisms were less common than in healthy controls rs1881457: AC (P = 0.004, OR = 0.61), C (P = 0.001, OR = 0.66); rs1800925: CT (P = 0.006, OR = 0.59). Further haplotype analysis of three studied SNPs revealed a significant association with predisposition to MI. Interestingly, IL13 rs1881457 and rs1800925 were linked to plasma levels of IL13: the reference genotype had higher levels, heterozygotes were intermediate, and the alternate genotype had the lowest levels. Conclusions In the Chinese population, IL13 (rs1881457 and rs180092) variants are associated with different plasma IL13 levels and offer protection against MI development. However, additional research is required to validate our findings in different populations, including descent samples.
We outline a simple protocol that accesses directly unprotected secondary amines by intramolecular C–N bond forming dearomatization or aryl C–H amination. The method is dependent on the generation of ...a potent electrophilic aminating agent released by in situ deprotection of O-Ts activated N-Boc hydroxylamines.
Greedy pursuit algorithms are widely used in sparse signal processing for their computational efficiency. However, research on the reconstruction error properties is far from comprehensive. This ...paper derives the statistical properties of reconstruction error in greedy pursuit algorithms, including probability density function (PDF), expectation, and covariance. The reconstruction error follows a mixture distribution, which is composed of multiple multivariate random variables and weighted by the probability of support sets. The multivariate random variable obeys a truncated distribution that results from restricting the noise domain. The validity of the derivations is verified by using the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm as an example.
This paper delves into the statistical properties of the reconstruction error in greedy pursuit algorithms. It establishes that the reconstruction error follows a mixture multivariate truncated Gaussian distribution. The OMP algorithm is taken as an example to derive the PDF, expectation, and covariance matrix of the reconstruction error.
A series of colorful Salen-type Schiff bases derived from the different diamine bridges including 1,2-ethylenediamine (Et1–Et3), 1,2-cyclohexanediamine (Cy1–Cy3), 1,2-phenylenediamine (Ph1–Ph4), ...dicyano-1,2-ethenediamine (CN1–CN3), phenazine-2,3-diamine (Phen1–Phen3), and naphthalene-2,3-diamine (Naph1 and Naph2) have been designed and prepared. The presence of electron-accepting substituents, electron-donating substituents, donor–acceptor (DA) systems, and/or π-extended systems leads to not only full absorption and emission spectra (300–700 nm) in the visible region but also high fluorescence quantum yields up to 0.83 in solution. The experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have proved that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels, and consequently the energy gaps of these Salen ligands can be well tuned. The LUMO levels of these Salen ligands are mainly affected by the diamine bridges, whereas both the HOMO and LUMO levels are influenced by the phenol fragments. Adding Cu2+ and Co2+ to CN1 solution leads to a drastic color change from pink into brownish red and purple, respectively, which is useful not only for the ratiometric detection but also for rapid visual sensing even by the naked eye. Moreover, the properties of the cis–trans isomer of CN1 are examined. The Salen ligands have coordination chemistry similar to other well-known tetradentate porphyrin ligands as well as much easier preparation and rich photophysical properties.
Due to the instantaneous field-of-view (IFOV) of the sensor and diversity of land cover types, some pixels, usually named mixed pixels, contain more than one land cover type. Soft classification can ...predict the portion of each land cover type in mixed pixels in the absence of spatial distribution. The spatial distribution information in mixed pixels can be solved by super resolution mapping (SRM). Typically, SRM involves two steps: soft class value estimation, which is similar to the image super resolution of image restoration, and land cover allocation. A new SRM approach utilizes a deep image prior (DIP) strategy combined with a super resolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN) to estimate fine resolution fraction images for each land cover type; then, a simple and efficient classifier is used to allocate subpixel land cover types under the constraint of the generated fine fraction images. The proposed approach can use prior information of input images to update network parameters and no longer require training data. Experiments on three different cases demonstrate that the subpixel classification accuracy of the proposed DIP-based SRM approach is significantly better than the three conventional SRM approaches and a transfer learning-based neural network SRM approach. In addition, the DIP-SRM approach performs very robustly about small-area objects within multiple land cover types and significantly reduces soft classification uncertainty. The results of this paper provide an extension for utilizing SRCNN to address SRM issues in hyperspectral images.
Amino sugars are a kind of carbohydrates with one or more hydroxyl groups replaced by an amino group. They play crucial roles in a broad range of biological activities. Over the past few decades, ...there have been continuing efforts on the stereoselective glycosylation of amino sugars. However, the introduction of glycoside bearing basic nitrogen is challenging using conventional Lewis acid-promoted pathways owing to competitive coordination of the amine to the Lewis acid promoter. Additionally, diastereomeric mixtures of
-glycoside are often produced if aminoglycoside lack a C2 substituent. This review focuses on the updated overview of the way to stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-
-aminoglycoside. The scope, mechanism, and the applications in the synthesis of complex glycoconjugates for the representative methodologies were also included.
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