Results of the research at 0.5 ha permanent study plots in two patches of Leucobryo-Pinetum community in the Roztocze National Park over a period of almost 40 years are discussed. The changes in the ...canopy species composition and their effect on the composition and arrangement of the moss layer were analysed. The share of pine in the number of trees decreased markedly over the study period. Instead, numerous species of trees, casting deep shade on the forest floor vegetation (fir, spruce, beech and oaks), encroached the tree-stands. A similar tendency of changes took place in the shrub layer: a decrease in the percentage contribution of light demanding and moderately light demanding tree species and an increase in the shade-tolerant ones. In contrast, the changes in the moss layer were mainly quantitative, but they were essentially related to the transformation in the tree stand. The considerable increase in the proportion of broadleaved species in the tree stand and understorey and, in consequence, a high cover of broadleaved litter greatly inhibited the development of terricolous bryophytes characteristic of coniferous forests.
W pracy przedyskutowano rezultaty prawie czterdziestoletnich obserwacji prowadzonych na dwóch stałych, półhektarowych powierzchniach badawczych. Zlokalizowane są one na terenie Roztoczańskiego Parku Narodowego w płatach zespołu Leucobryo-Pinetum. Analizie poddano zmiany składu gatunkowego drzewostanu oraz ich wpływ na skład i rozmieszczenie naziemnej warstwy mszystej. Udział sosny w liczbie drzew spadł bardzo wyraźnie w okresie prowadzenia obserwacji. Na jej miejsce licznie wkroczyły gatunki drzewiaste silnie ocieniające glebę, jak jodła, świerk, buk i dęby. Podobne tendencje zmian miały miejsce w warstwie krzewów: spadł udział procentowy drzewiastych gatunków światłożądnych i umiarkowanie światłożądnych, przy wzroście udziału gatunków cienioznośnych. Natomiast zmiany zaobserwowane w warstwie mszystej miały głównie charakter ilościowy, ale istotnie związany z przekształceniami w warstwie drzew. Znaczący udział gatunków liściastych w drzewostanie i podroście, a w konsekwencji wzrost ilości ściółki liściastej zalegającej na dnie lasu, bardzo wyraźnie zahamował rozwój naziemnych mchów charakterystycznych dla fitocenoz borowych.
This article is a continuation of the author’s own studies on time in the Russian neorealistic autobiographical novel. It contains an attempt at systematization of retrospections occurring in the ...works which in the fullest way represent like the indicated novel such as Arsieniev's life by I. Bunin and Gleb's Journey by B. Zaitsev. This attempt has been made at the simultaneous viewing of retrospective interpretations in the earlier Russian personal novel writing.
Article in: Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio C, Biology Vol. 64 (2009), 2, p. 23-34
artykuł w: Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio C, Biologia Vol. 64 (2009), ...2, s. 23-34
streszcz. ang., pol.
tyt. równol. w jęz. pol.: Wieloletnie zmiany w zespole Leucobryo-Pinetum: interakcje pomiędzy drzewostanem i podrostem a warstwą mszystą
artykuł w: Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio C, Biologia Vol. 64 (2009), 2, s. 23-34
streszcz. ang., pol.
tyt. równol. w jęz. pol.: Wieloletnie zmiany w zespole Leucobryo-Pinetum: interakcje pomiędzy drzewostanem i podrostem a warstwą mszystą
In this work, we present an in-depth study of average-case quantum distances introduced in Maciejewski et al. (2022). The average-case distances approximate, up to the relative error, the average ...Total-Variation (TV) distance between measurement outputs of two quantum processes, in which quantum objects of interest (states, measurements, or channels) are intertwined with random quantum circuits. Contrary to conventional distances, such as trace distance or diamond norm, they quantify average-case statistical distinguishability via random quantum circuits. We prove that once a family of random circuits forms an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\delta </tex-math></inline-formula>-approximate 4-design, with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\delta =o(d^{-8}) </tex-math></inline-formula>, then the average-case distances can be approximated by simple explicit functions that can be expressed via simple degree two polynomials in objects of interest. For systems of moderate dimension, they can be easily explicitly computed - no optimization is needed as opposed to diamond norm distance between channels or operational distance between measurements. We prove that those functions, which we call quantum average-case distances, have a plethora of desirable properties, such as subadditivity w.r.t. tensor products, joint convexity, and (restricted) data-processing inequalities. Notably, all distances utilize the Hilbert-Schmidt (HS) norm, which provides this norm with a new operational interpretation. We also provide upper bounds on the maximal ratio between worst-case and average-case distances, and for each of them, we provide an example that saturates the bound. Specifically, we show that for each dimension <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">d </tex-math></inline-formula> this ratio is at most <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">d^{\frac {1}{2}}, d, d^{\frac {3}{2}} </tex-math></inline-formula> for states, measurements, and channels, respectively. To support the practical usefulness of our findings, we study multiple examples in which average-case quantum distances can be calculated analytically.
Transvenous temporary cardiac pacing (TTCP) is a lifesaving procedure, but the incidence of complications and prognosis depends on the underlying cause. The aim of this study was to compare the ...characteristics, complications, and prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) requiring TTCP vs. patients with TTCP due to other causes.
The present analysis involved 244 cases in whom TTCP was performed between 2017 and 2021 in a high-volume cathlab. All the procedures were performed by an interventional cardiologist. MI constituted 46.3% of the patients (n = 113), including 63 ST-segment elevation MI patients (55.75%). Non-MI patients (control group) consisted of patients with any cause of bradycardia requiring TTCP.
Myocardial infarction patients requiring TTCP are younger and have a higher prevalence of hypertension and heart failure. The pacing lead is more frequently inserted during asystole/resuscitation, and pacing was needed for a longer time. MI patients required cardiac implantable electronic device implantation less frequently than in other causes (22% vs. 82%, p < 0.01). The incidence of TTCP complications did not differ. The incidence of in-hospital death was 6.5-fold higher in TTCP patients with MI. Logistic regression showed MI to be a strong predictor of in-hospital death (odds ratio: 8.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.3-57.9).
In-hospital mortality in MI patients requiring TTCP is 6.5-fold higher than in other patients with bradycardia. The complication rate of TTCP is similar in MI and non-MI patients. It is not TTCP but the severity of MI itself and the fact that a pacing lead is frequently implanted in asystole or during resuscitation that is responsible for the higher mortality rate.
We introduce distance measures between quantum states, measurements, and channels based on their statistical distinguishability in generic experiments. Specifically, we analyze the average Total ...Variation Distance (TVD) between output statistics of protocols in which quantum objects are intertwined with random circuits and measured in standard basis. We show that for circuits forming approximate 4-designs, the average TVDs can be approximated by simple explicit functions of the underlying objects – the average-case distances (ACDs). We apply them to analyze the effects of noise in quantum advantage experiments and for efficient discrimination of high-dimensional states and channels without quantum memory. We argue that ACDs are better suited for assessing the quality of NISQ devices than common distance measures such as trace distance or the diamond norm.
Renal arteriovenous anomalies are uncommon. They are characterized by an abnormal vascular connection that usually bypasses the capillary bed. Most are acquired arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) while the ...rest are congenital or idiopathic arteriovenous malformations (AVM). AVF are usually caused by renal interventions, trauma, or neoplastic processes. They can lead to hypertension, heart failure, hematuria, and renal insufficiency. A 69-year-old woman presented with arrhythmia, tachycardia, mild ankle edema, and increasing fatigue. Right kidney color Doppler ultrasound confirmed the presence of a huge AVM with a blood flow of 9 L/minute and a dilated, 35 mm in diameter, right renal vein. Two months later, an attempt to embolize the AVM failed as the Amplatzer™ Vascular Plug II (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, Illinois, United States) migrated to the pulmonary circulation and was later removed. Complete embolization was achieved by implanting two Amplatzer Vascular Plug IIs, various embolization coils, histoacryl glue, and lipiodol. Control angiography revealed significant stenosis in the right subclavian artery endovascular access, which was managed with BeGraft (Bentley InnoMed GmbH, Hechingen, Germany) and Zilver (Cook Group Incorporated, Bloomington, Indiana, United States) stents. The patient was discharged on the third postoperative day, all her symptoms resolved, and she reported eventual recovery. Three months later, the patient was operated on due to a 40x58 mm pseudoaneurysm at the right femoral access site. Thus, renal AVMs should be included as a potential alternative diagnosis for various symptoms such as hematuria and hypertension resistant to medication. Endovascular embolization is a less-invasive, safer, and more effective option than open surgery but has a risk of complications. Success requires fully occluding the shunted vessel, preventing embolic material migration, and preserving normal arterial branches. It depends on selecting adequate techniques and embolic materials individually, based on etiology and precise vascular anatomy assessment.
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive, radiation-free method of diagnostics imaging, allowing for a bedside, real-time dynamic assessment of lung function. It stands as an ...alternative for other imagining methods, such as computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound. Even though the technique is rather novel, it has a wide variety of possible applications. In the era of modern mechanical ventilation, a dynamic assessment of patient's respiratory condition appears to fulfil the idea of personalized treatment. Additionally, an increasing frequency of respiratory failure among intensive care populations raises demand for improved monitoring tools. This review aims to raise awareness and presents possible implications for the use of EIT in the intensive care setting.
Material effects during monotonic-cyclic loading Kowalewski, Zbigniew L.; Szymczak, Tadeusz; Maciejewski, Jan
International journal of solids and structures,
February 2014, 2014-02-00, 20140201, Letnik:
51, Številka:
3-4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The effects commonly related with deformation caused by proportional and non-proportional loading types were identified experimentally. In the case of non-proportional cyclic loading along circular ...strain path the second order effects such as: phase shift between stress and strain signals was observed. An analysis of experimental data from tests under non-proportional cyclic loading along square strain path exhibited a significant reduction of stress independently on direction of deformation.
The paper also presents experimental results concerning evaluation of an influence of cyclic loading on stress variations during monotonic deformation carried out on the pure copper and X10CrMoVNb9-1 steel. All strain controlled tests were performed at room temperature using thin-walled tubular specimens. The experimental programme contained selected combinations of monotonic and cyclic loadings, i.e. the torsion-reverse-torsion cycles were superimposed on the monotonic tension. It is shown that such cycles associated with monotonic tension caused essential variations of tensile stress. For both materials, a significant decrease of the axial stress was visible. The effects observed during monotonic and cyclic loading combinations were theoretically described using the Mróz and Maciejewski model.
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