Signaling Networks Determining Life Span Riera, Celine E; Merkwirth, Carsten; De Magalhaes Filho, C. Daniel ...
Annual review of biochemistry,
06/2016, Letnik:
85, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The health of an organism is orchestrated by a multitude of molecular and biochemical networks responsible for ensuring homeostasis within cells and tissues. However, upon aging, a progressive ...failure in the maintenance of this homeostatic balance occurs in response to a variety of endogenous and environmental stresses, allowing the accumulation of damage, the physiological decline of individual tissues, and susceptibility to diseases. What are the molecular and cellular signaling events that control the aging process and how can this knowledge help design therapeutic strategies to combat age-associated diseases? Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the evolutionarily conserved biological processes that alter the rate of aging and discuss their link to disease prevention and the extension of healthy life span.
Visible light reduces C. elegans longevity De Magalhaes Filho, C Daniel; Henriquez, Brian; Seah, Nicole E ...
Nature communications,
03/2018, Letnik:
9, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The transparent nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can sense UV and blue-violet light to alter behavior. Because high-dose UV and blue-violet light are not a common feature outside of the laboratory ...setting, we asked what role, if any, could low-intensity visible light play in C. elegans physiology and longevity. Here, we show that C. elegans lifespan is inversely correlated to the time worms were exposed to visible light. While circadian control, lite-1 and tax-2 do not contribute to the lifespan reduction, we demonstrate that visible light creates photooxidative stress along with a general unfolded-protein response that decreases the lifespan. Finally, we find that long-lived mutants are more resistant to light stress, as well as wild-type worms supplemented pharmacologically with antioxidants. This study reveals that transparent nematodes are sensitive to visible light radiation and highlights the need to standardize methods for controlling the unrecognized biased effect of light during lifespan studies in laboratory conditions.
Motivated by stringent power constraints, duty cycling - the practice of turning a mote's radio on and off to conserve energy - has become a fundamental mechanism in the design of Wireless Sensor ...Networks. Because of its importance, a variety of approaches to duty cycling have emerged during the last decade and are being now proposed with increasingly ambitious goals, such as achieving ultra low duty cycles as low as 0.1%. Such propositions differ mostly in their reliance on nodes' synchronization, which, in turn, translates into different hardware requirements and implementation complexity. However, duty cycling may also differ in other aspects as topology dependency, network density requirements and increase in end-to-end delay. This paper organizes the most important proposals into a taxonomy and provides insights into their strengths and weaknesses in relation to important characteristics of applications, mote's hardware and network deployments.
GPCRs represent the largest family of integral membrane proteins and were first identified as receptor proteins that couple via heterotrimeric G‐proteins to regulate a vast variety of effector ...proteins to modulate cellular function. It is now recognized that GPCRs interact with a myriad of proteins that not only function to attenuate their signalling but also function to couple these receptors to heterotrimeric G‐protein‐independent signalling pathways. In addition, intracellular and transmembrane proteins associate with GPCRs and regulate their processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, trafficking to the cell surface, compartmentalization to plasma membrane microdomains, endocytosis and trafficking between intracellular membrane compartments. The present review will overview the functional consequence of β‐arrestin, receptor activity‐modifying proteins (RAMPS), regulators of G‐protein signalling (RGS), GPCR‐associated sorting proteins (GASPs), Homer, small GTPases, PSD95/Disc Large/Zona Occludens (PDZ), spinophilin, protein phosphatases, calmodulin, optineurin and Src homology 3 (SH3) containing protein interactions with GPCRs.
LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on the Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue‐6. To view the 2010 themed section on the same topic visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.2010.159.issue‐5/issuetoc
Acetylcholine (ACh) is an important neuromodulator in the nervous system implicated in many forms of cognitive and motor processing. Recent studies have used bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) ...transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) protein under the control of the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) promoter (ChAT-ChR2-EYFP) to dissect cholinergic circuit connectivity and function using optogenetic approaches. We report that a mouse line used for this purpose also carries several copies of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter gene (VAChT), which leads to overexpression of functional VAChT and consequently increased cholinergic tone. We demonstrate that these mice have marked improvement in motor endurance. However, they also present severe cognitive deficits, including attention deficits and dysfunction in working memory and spatial memory. These results suggest that increased VAChT expression may disrupt critical steps in information processing. Our studies demonstrate that ChAT-ChR2-EYFP mice show altered cholinergic tone that fundamentally differentiates them from wild-type mice.
Obesity and its associated diseases, including type 2 diabetes, have reached epidemic levels worldwide. However, available treatment options are limited and ineffective in managing the disease. There ...is therefore an urgent need for the development of new pharmacological solutions. The bile acid (BA) Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has recently emerged as an attractive candidate. Initially described for their role in lipid and vitamin absorption from diet, BAs are hormones with powerful effects on whole body lipid and glucose metabolism. In this review, we focus on FXR and how 2 decades of work on this receptor, both in rodents and humans, have led to the development of drug agonists with potential use in humans for treatment of conditions ranging from obesity-associated diseases to BA dysregulation.
Background
Infrared thermal imaging captures the infrared radiation emitted by the skin surface. The thermograms contain valuable information, since the temperature distribution can be used to ...characterize physiological anomalies. Thus, the use of infrared thermal imaging (IRT) has been studied as a possible medical tool to aid in the diagnosis of skin oncological lesions. The aim of this review is to assess the current state of the applications of IRT in skin neoplasm identification and characterization.
Methods
A literature survey was conducted using the reference bibliographic databases: Scopus, PubMed and ISI Web of Science. Keywords (thermography, infrared imaging, thermal imaging and skin cancer) were combined and its presence was verified at the title and of the article or as a main topic. Only articles published after 2013 were considered during this search.
Results
In total, 55 articles were encountered, resulting in 14 publications for revision after applying the exclusion criteria. It was denoted that IRT have been used to characterize and distinguish between malignant and benign neoplasms and different skin cancer types. IRT has also been successfully applied in the treatment evaluation of these types of lesions.
Conclusion
Trends and future challenges have been established to improve the application of IRT in this field, disclosing that dynamic thermography is a promising tool for early identification of oncological skin conditions.
Aerobic exercise training leads to a physiological, nonpathological left ventricular hypertrophy; however, the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms of physiological left ventricular ...hypertrophy are unknown. The role of microRNAs regulating the classic and the novel cardiac renin-angiotensin (Ang) system was studied in trained rats assigned to 3 groups(1) sedentary; (2) swimming trained with protocol 1 (T1, moderate-volume training); and (3) protocol 2 (T2, high-volume training). Cardiac Ang I levels, Ang-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, and protein expression, as well as Ang II levels, were lower in T1 and T2; however, Ang II type 1 receptor mRNA levels (69% in T1 and 99% in T2) and protein expression (240% in T1 and 300% in T2) increased after training. Ang II type 2 receptor mRNA levels (220%) and protein expression (332%) were shown to be increased in T2. In addition, T1 and T2 were shown to increase ACE2 activity and protein expression and Ang (1-7) levels in the heart. Exercise increased microRNA-27a and 27b, targeting ACE and decreasing microRNA-143 targeting ACE2 in the heart. Left ventricular hypertrophy induced by aerobic training involves microRNA regulation and an increase in cardiac Ang II type 1 receptor without the participation of Ang II. Parallel to this, an increase in ACE2, Ang (1-7), and Ang II type 2 receptor in the heart by exercise suggests that this nonclassic cardiac renin-angiotensin system counteracts the classic cardiac renin-angiotensin system. These findings are consistent with a model in which exercise may induce left ventricular hypertrophy, at least in part, altering the expression of specific microRNAs targeting renin-angiotensin system genes. Together these effects might provide the additional aerobic capacity required by the exercised heart.
Digitization and virtualization represent key factors in the era of Industry 4.0. Digital twins (DT) can certainly contribute to increasing the efficiency of various productive sectors as they can ...contribute to monitoring, managing, and improvement of a product or process throughout its life cycle. Although several works deal with DTs, there are gaps regarding the use of this technology when a Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is used. Existing work, for the most part, is concerned with simulating the progress of manufacturing without providing key production data in real-time. Still, most of the solutions presented in the literature are relatively expensive and may be difficult to implement in most companies, due to their complexity. In this work, the digital twin of an FMS is conceived. The specific module of an ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning) system is used to digitize the physical entity. Production data is entered according to tryouts performed in the FMS. Sensors installed in the main components of the FMS, CNC (computer numerical control) lathe, robotic arm, and pallet conveyor send information in real-time to the digital entity. The results show that simulations using the digital twin present very satisfactory results compared to the physical entity. In time, information such as production rate, queue management, feedstock, equipment, and pallet status can be easily accessed by operators and managers at any time during the production process, confirming the MES (manufacture execution system) efficiency. The low-cost hardware and software used in this work showed its feasibility. The DT created represents the initial step towards designing a metaverse solution for the manufacturing unit in question, which should operate in the near future as a smart and autonomous factory model.
PDF
