The health effects of daily activity behaviours (physical activity, sedentary time and sleep) are widely studied. While previous research has largely examined activity behaviours in isolation, recent ...studies have adjusted for multiple behaviours. However, the inclusion of all activity behaviours in traditional multivariate analyses has not been possible due to the perfect multicollinearity of 24-h time budget data. The ensuing lack of adjustment for known effects on the outcome undermines the validity of study findings. We describe a statistical approach that enables the inclusion of all daily activity behaviours, based on the principles of compositional data analysis. Using data from the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment, we demonstrate the application of compositional multiple linear regression to estimate adiposity from children’s daily activity behaviours expressed as isometric log-ratio coordinates. We present a novel method for predicting change in a continuous outcome based on relative changes within a composition, and for calculating associated confidence intervals to allow for statistical inference. The compositional data analysis presented overcomes the lack of adjustment that has plagued traditional statistical methods in the field, and provides robust and reliable insights into the health effects of daily activity behaviours.
The
genus is the most representative of the Piperaceae reaching around 2000 species distributed in the pantropical region. In the Neotropics, its species are represented by herbs, shrubs, and lianas, ...which are used in traditional medicine to prepare teas and infusions. Its essential oils (EOs) present high yield and are chemically constituted by complex mixtures or the predominance of main volatile constituents. The chemical composition of
EOs displays interspecific or intraspecific variations, according to the site of collection or seasonality. The main volatile compounds identified in
EOs are monoterpenes hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenoids, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpenoids and large amounts of phenylpropanoids. In this review, we are reporting the biological potential of
EOs from the Neotropical region. There are many reports of
EOs as antimicrobial agents (fungi and bacteria), antiprotozoal (
spp.,
spp., and
spp.), acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity against different tumor cells lines (breast, leukemia, melanoma, gastric, among others). These studies can contribute to the rational and economic exploration of
species, once they have been identified as potent natural and alternative sources to treat human diseases.
Background
The aim of this systematic review (SR) is to evaluate the association between asthma and periodontal disease.
Methods
An electronic search without date or language restrictions was carried ...out in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and LILACS until May 2016. In addition, manual searches and searches of the gray literature were conducted. The search process, data analysis, and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewing authors. Eligibility criteria included prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case‐controls, and randomized clinical trials.
Results
The search and selection process yielded 21 studies, published between 1979 and 2017. The meta‐analysis showed a statistically significant difference for the parameters of gingival bleeding, plaque index, and gingival index for participants with asthma (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Data from this SR strongly suggest the association of asthma with periodontal disease.
The Amazon region comprises a plethora of fruit-bearing species of which a large number are still agriculturally unimportant. Because fruit consumption has been attributed to an enhanced physical ...well-being, interest in the knowledge of the chemical composition of underexplored exotic fruits has increased during recent years. This paper provides a comprehensive identification of the polyphenolic constituents of four underutilized fruits from the Amazon region by HPLC/DAD-ESI-MS n . Araçá (Psidium guineense), jambolão (Syzygium cumini), muruci (Byrsonima crassifolia), and cutite (Pouteria macrophylla) turned out to be primarily good sources of hydrolyzable tannins and/or flavonols. Additionally, different flavanonols and proanthocyanidins were identified in some fruits. The antioxidant capacity was determined by using the total oxidant scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay. Cutite showed the highest antioxidant capacity followed by jambolão, araçá, and muruci.
Author Affiliation: (1) Lenexa, USA (2) Division of Plant Sciences, Southwest Research Center, University of Missouri, 65712, Mt. Vernon, MO, USA (3) Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, ...Universidade Federal do Maranhao, 65080-040, Sao Luis, MA, Brazil (a) kevin.tran@fda.hhs.gov Article History: Registration Date: 07/30/2020 Received Date: 12/20/2019 Accepted Date: 07/29/2020 Online Date: 08/06/2020 Byline:
Background
Obesity and rapid weight loss after bariatric surgery are risk factors for gallstone disease.
Objectives
The present study sought to evaluate the feasibility of selective concomitant ...cholecystectomy only in patients with symptomatic disease and study risk factors for the development of symptomatic gallstones after bariatric surgery.
Methods
Between January 2010 and December 2012, 734 consecutive patients presenting to our institution underwent bariatric surgery. From these, 81 patients were excluded due to prior or concurrent cholecystectomy. The remaining 653 patients with in situ gallbladder were followed for 12 months and were clinically screened for symptomatic or complicated cholelithiasis. Clinical and demographic characteristics were compared at baseline and 12 months after surgery.
Results
Of the 653 patients with in situ gallbladder, only 24 (3.3 %) developed symptomatic gallstones and only nine presented complicated disease. None of the patients with asymptomatic disease at the time of surgery progressed to symptomatic or complicated disease. Patients who developed symptomatic disease were not significantly different, although there was a trend toward longer obesity evolution, lower insulin levels, and lower hepatic enzymes level. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that patients with gastric sleeve were more likely to develop symptomatic gallstones.
Conclusions
Although further studies are required, the management of gallstones in morbidly obese patients should not be different from normal-weight patients. Therefore, performing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy only in symptomatic patients is an effective approach and asymptomatic gallstones should not be treated at the time of bariatric surgery.
Objective To evaluate the relationship between children's lifestyles and health-related quality of life and to explore whether this relationship varies among children from different world regions. ...Study design This study used cross-sectional data from the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment. Children (9-11 years) were recruited from sites in 12 nations (n = 5759). Clustering input variables were 24-hour accelerometry and self-reported diet and screen time. Health-related quality of life was self-reported with KIDSCREEN-10. Cluster analyses (using compositional analysis techniques) were performed on a site-wise basis. Lifestyle behavior cluster characteristics were compared between sites. The relationship between cluster membership and health-related quality of life was assessed with the use of linear models. Results Lifestyle behavior clusters were similar across the 12 sites, with clusters commonly characterized by (1) high physical activity (actives); (2) high sedentary behavior (sitters); (3) high screen time/unhealthy eating pattern (junk-food screenies); and (4) low screen time/healthy eating pattern and moderate physical activity/sedentary behavior (all-rounders). Health-related quality of life was greatest in the all-rounders cluster. Conclusions Children from different world regions clustered into groups of similar lifestyle behaviors. Cluster membership was related to differing health-related quality of life, with children from the all-rounders cluster consistently reporting greatest health-related quality of life at sites around the world. Findings support the importance of a healthy combination of lifestyle behaviors in childhood: low screen time, healthy eating pattern, and balanced daily activity behaviors (physical activity and sedentary behavior). Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT01722500.
Abstract
Primary implant stability is a prerequisite for successful implant osseointegration. The osseodensification technique (OD) is a non-subtractive drilling technique that preserves the bone ...tissue, increases osteotomy wall density, and improves the primary stability. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that OD, through a wider osteotomy, produces healing chambers (HCs) at the implant-bone interface without impacting low-density bone primary stability. Twenty implants (3.5 × 10 mm) with a nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) surface were inserted in the ilium of ten sheep. Implant beds were prepared as follows: (i) 2.7-mm-wide using subtractive conventional drilling (SCD) technique (n = 10); (ii) 3.8-mm-wide using an OD bur system (n = 10). The sheep were randomized to two groups, with samples collected at either 14-(n = 5) or 28-days (n = 5) post-surgery and processed for histological and histomorphometric evaluation of bone-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO). No significant group differences were found with respect to final insertion torque and implant stability quotient (
p
> 0.050). BIC values were higher for SCD after 14 and 28 days (
p
< 0.050); however, BAFO values were similar (
p
> 0.050). It was possible to conclude that the OD technique allowed a wider implant bed preparation without prejudice on primary stability and bone remodeling.
Abstract Objectives The first drug repurposed for the treatment of depression was the tuberculostatic iproniazid. At present, drugs belonging to new classes of antidepressants still have ...antimicrobial effects. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota was implicated in the development or exacerbation of mental disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD). Based on the current interest in the gut-brain axis, the focus of this narrative review is to compile the available studies regarding the influences of gut microbiota in behavior and depression and to show the antimicrobial effect of antidepressant drugs. A discussion regarding the possible contribution of the antimicrobial effect of antidepressant drugs to its effectiveness/resistance is included. Methods The search included relevant articles from PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, PsycINFO, and ISI Web of Knowledge. Results MDD is associated with changes in gut permeability and microbiota composition. In this respect, antidepressant drugs present antimicrobial effects that could also be related to the effectiveness of these drugs for MDD treatment. Conversely, some antimicrobials present antidepressant effects. Conclusion Both antidepressants and antimicrobials present neuroprotective/antidepressant and antimicrobial effects. Further studies are needed to evaluate the participation of antimicrobial mechanisms of antidepressants in MDD treatment as well as to determine the contribution of this effect to antidepressant resistance.
The essential oils of the leaves of Aniba rosaeodora (pau-rosa), Aniba parviflora (macacaporanga) and Aeollanthus suaveolens (catinga-de-mulata), rich in linalool, are used in the traditional ...medicine of the Brazilian Amazon for its effects on the central nervous system, such as sedative, anticonvulsant and antidepressant, among other therapeutic properties.
To analyze the chemical composition of these oils and to evaluate their neurobehavioral effects in rodents, based on different and established behavioral tests.
The oils were distilled and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Male Wistar rats received intraperitoneal doses of the oils of pau-rosa (3.5 and 35mg/kg), macacaporanga (8.5 and 85mg/kg) and catinga-de-mulata (7.5 and 75mg/kg), in addition to a linalool standard (30mg/kg). The neurobehavioral effects were evaluated using the tests: Open Field (spontaneous locomotion activity), Elevated Plus Maze (anxiolytic- type activity), Splash and Forced Swimming (antidepressive-type activity) and the Inhibitory Avoidance (memory retention).
The three oils (highest dose) and standard linalool presented significant antidepressant activity in rodents. Linalool was identified as the major constituent of the oils (pau-rosa, 88.6%, macacaporanga, 45%, catinga-de-mulata, 49.3%). The standard linalool used was 97.0%.
The pau-rosa, macacaporanga, and catinga-de-mulata oils presented antidepressant activity due to the presence of linalool, which, by the final synergistic action of other constituents found in oils, may have contributed to the increase or reduction of this behavioral effect in the treated animals. A relevant fact is that there was no compromise of spontaneous locomotion and the memory retention in the rodents.
Display omitted
PDF
