Abstract
Advances in ultrafast laser technology and nanofabrication have enabled a new class of particle accelerator based upon miniaturized laser-driven photonic structures. However, developing a ...useful accelerator based on this approach requires control of the particle dynamics at field intensities approaching the damage limit. We measure acceleration in a fused silica dielectric laser accelerator driven by fields of up to 9 GV m
−1
and observe a record 1.8 GV m
−1
in the accelerating mode. At these intensities the dielectric is driven beyond its linear response and self-phase modulation changes the phase velocity of the accelerating mode, reducing the average gradient to 850 MeV m
−1
. We show that free-space optics can be used to compensate this dephasing and demonstrate that tailoring the laser phase and amplitude can facilitate optimization of the beam dynamics. This could enable MeV scale energy gain in a single stage and pave the way towards applications in scientific, industrial, and medical fields.
We developed a systematic experimental method to demonstrate that damage threshold fluence (DTF) for fused silica changes with the number of femtosecond laser (800 nm,
$65\pm 5~\text{fs}$
, 10 Hz and ...600 Hz) pulses. Based on the experimental data, we were able to develop a model which indicates that the change in DTF varies with the number of shots logarithmically up to a critical value. Above this value, DTF approaches an asymptotic value. Both DTF for a single shot and the asymptotic value as well as the critical value where this happens, are extrinsic parameters dependent on the configuration (repetition rate, pressure and geometry near or at the surface). These measurements indicate that the power of this dependence is an intrinsic parameter independent of the configuration.
We apply time-resolved MeV electron diffraction to study the electron-lattice energy relaxation in thin film Au-insulator heterostructures. Through precise measurements of the transient ...Debye-Waller-factor, the mean-square atomic displacement is directly determined, which allows to quantitatively follow the temporal evolution of the lattice temperature after short pulse laser excitation. Data obtained over an extended range of laser fluences reveal an increased relaxation rate when the film thickness is reduced or the Au-film is capped with an additional insulator top-layer. This behavior is attributed to a cross-interfacial coupling of excited electrons in the Au film to phonons in the adjacent insulator layer(s). Analysis of the data using the two-temperature-model taking explicitly into account the additional energy loss at the interface(s) allows to deduce the relative strength of the two relaxation channels.
We demonstrate a broadly and continuously tunable optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on orientation-patterned GaAs (OP-GaAs) operating at 2 kHz repetition rate. With the choice of the pump ...wavelength near λ = 3 µm, we were able to achieve tunable output in the whole range of 4-14.2 µm with a linewidth between 2 and 6 cm(-1), using a single OP-GaAs structure with a domain reversal period of 150 µm. The OPO output was tuned using (i) an intracavity diffraction grating, and (ii) fine adjustment of the pump wavelength near 3 µm. In certain portions of the spectrum this system potentially allows fast (sub-millisecond scale) wavelength tuning over > 2500 nm by fast steering the diffraction grating at a fixed pump wavelength.
Laser powered dielectric structures achieve high-gradient particle acceleration by taking advantage of modern laser technology capable of producing electric fields in excess of 10GV/m. These fields ...can drive the bulk dielectric beyond its linear response, and break the phase synchronicity between the accelerating field and the electrons. We show how control of the pulse dispersion can be used to compensate the effect of self-phase modulation and maximize the energy gain in the laser accelerator.In our experiment, a high brightness 8MeV e-beam is used to probe accelerating fields of 1.8GV/m in a 'grating-reset' dielectric structure illuminated by a 45fs laser pulse with a fluence of 0.7J/cm\(^2\).
We apply time-resolved MeV electron diffraction to study the electron-lattice energy relaxation in thin film Au-insulator heterostructures. Through precise measurements of the transient ...Debye-Waller-factor, the mean-square atomic displacement is directly determined, which allows to quantitatively follow the temporal evolution of the lattice temperature after short pulse laser excitation. Data obtained over an extended range of laser fluences reveal an increased relaxation rate when the film thickness is reduced or the Au-film is capped with an additional insulator top-layer. This behavior is attributed to a cross-interfacial coupling of excited electrons in the Au film to phonons in the adjacent insulator layer(s). Analysis of the data using the two-temperature-model taking explicitly into account the additional energy loss at the interface(s) allows to deduce the relative strength of the two relaxation channels.
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