Insects are a component of the diet of different animal species and have been suggested as the major source of human dietary protein for the future. However, insects are also carriers of potentially ...pathogenic microbes that constitute a risk to food and feed safety. In this study, we reported the occurrence of a hemolytic orange pigmented producing phenotype of
in the fecal microbiota of golden lion tamarins (
) and feed larvae (
). Feed insects were identified as a regular source of
based on a reanalysis of available 16S rRNA gene libraries. Pan-genome analysis suggested the existence of four clusters within the
group. The presence of
cluster indicated that some strains of the
group produced a pigment similar to granadaene, an orange cytotoxic lipid produced by group B streptococci, including
. Pigment production by
strains was dependent on the presence of the fermentable sugars, with no pigment being observed at pH <4.7. The addition of buffering compounds or arginine, which can be metabolized to ammonium, restored pigment formation. In addition, pigment formation might be related to the source of peptone. These data suggest that edible insects are a possible source of granadaene-producing lactococci, which can be considered a pathogenic risk with zoonotic potential.
spp. has been isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of diverse mammalian hosts. Their presence is often associated with host health complications, as is evident from many previously published ...medical case reports. However, only a handful of studies have made proper identification. Most other identifications were solely based on typical
like morphology without genotyping. Therefore, the aim of this work was culture detection and the taxonomic classification of
isolates originating from different mammalian hosts.
like colonies were isolated and collected during cultivation analyses of animal fecal samples (
= 197) from primates, dogs, calves of domestic cattle, elephants, and rhinoceroses. The study was carried out on apparently healthy animals kept in zoos or by breeders in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Selected isolates were identified and compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA;
, and
). The results indicate the taxonomic variability of
isolates.
appears to be a common gut microorganism in various captive primates. In contrast, a random occurrence was also recorded in dogs. However, dog isolate N13/4e could represent the next potential novel
taxonomic unit. Also, a potentially novel
species was found in elephants, with occurrences in all tested hosts.
isolates were detected rarely, only in rhinoceroses. Although
bacteria are often linked to lethal diseases, our results indicate that
spp. appear to be a common member of the gut microbiota and seem to be an opportunistic pathogen. Further characterization and pathogenic analyses are required.
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•Enteral nutrition (EN) formulas contain variable nutrient and prebiotic compounds.•Cultivable commensal bacteria of faecal microbiota are able to use EN formulas like growth media in ...vitro.•Composition differences of EN formulas affecting individual microbial shift and metabolite profile after cultivation.•Functional components should be personalised based on individual host microbiota.
Enteral nutrition (EN) formulas of polymeric type ordinarily have similar content of intact macronutrients but may vary in prebiotic saccharides and micronutrients. These components can play an important role in the intestinal microbiota modulation. The aim of this study was to investigate microbial changes of faecal samples after their in vitro anaerobic cultivation in four polymeric EN formulas using plate technique method, metabolite analysis, and microbiota profiling using 16S rRNA sequencing. Detected cultivable commensal groups (bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, Escherichia coli) in faecal samples of donors were able to grow in EN formulas. However, their counts varied depending on the individual donor and the type of EN formula. Similar trend was found in detected metabolites such as acetate, lactate, and butyrate. Also, taxonomic composition and diversity of original and cultivated faecal microbiota of one individual on different EN formula indicate a possible effect of the prebiotics and micronutrients to modulate gut microbiota.
Clostridium ventriculi (syn. Sarcina ventriculi) is a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen with sarcina morphology. In the case of gastrointestinal disorders, the treatment is often empirical. Due to ...the common occurrence in primates and the potential risk of dysbiosis; the antibiotic susceptibility screening of C. ventriculi strains isolated from guenon monkeys and crested gibbons to 58 antibiotics was performed to reduce potentially ineffective antibiotic use in case of disease. Isolates were found to be susceptible to the majority of the tested antibiotics, mainly to (fluoro)quinolones, macrolides, penicillins, and tetracyclines. The susceptibility profiles were similar despite the hosts. Tested strains showed also natural resistance to a few antibiotics on the genus level. Detected in vitro antibiotic efficiency is consistent with documented human treatment cases.
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•Detection of Clostridium ventriculi is often associated with different pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.•C. ventriculi seems to be a common bacterial taxon of primates without obvious health problems.•Primate isolates were susceptible to most tested antibiotics.•Commonly used human treatment with ciprofloxacin and metronidazole is also effective in vitro against the primate strains.
Sporadic but repeated occurrences of Sarcina spp. indicate that these microorganisms with atypical morphology forming packets in the fecal microbiota of animals without health problems may not always ...be pathogenic and seem to be a common part of the gut microbiota of various mammals. Aside from that, genotyping characterization indicates species and strain variability among Sarcina isolates and the potential presence of two novel taxonomic units originating from dog and elephant hosts. Sarcina spp. has been isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of diverse mammalian hosts. Their presence is often associated with host health complications, as is evident from many previously published medical case reports. However, only a handful of studies have made proper identification. Most other identifications were solely based on typical Sarcina-like morphology without genotyping. Therefore, the aim of this work was culture detection and the taxonomic classification of Sarcina isolates originating from different mammalian hosts. Sarcina-like colonies were isolated and collected during cultivation analyses of animal fecal samples (n = 197) from primates, dogs, calves of domestic cattle, elephants, and rhinoceroses. The study was carried out on apparently healthy animals kept in zoos or by breeders in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Selected isolates were identified and compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA; Iles, pheT, pyrG, rplB, rplC, and rpsC). The results indicate the taxonomic variability of Sarcina isolates. S. ventriculi appears to be a common gut microorganism in various captive primates. In contrast, a random occurrence was also recorded in dogs. However, dog isolate N13/4e could represent the next potential novel Sarcina taxonomic unit. Also, a potentially novel Sarcina species was found in elephants, with occurrences in all tested hosts. S. maxima isolates were detected rarely, only in rhinoceroses. Although Sarcina bacteria are often linked to lethal diseases, our results indicate that Sarcina spp. appear to be a common member of the gut microbiota and seem to be an opportunistic pathogen. Further characterization and pathogenic analyses are required.
Complex polysaccharide polymers of natural origin are widely used as natural food thickeners. They are useful for their technological properties, and at the same time they are biodegradable and safe ...for consumers. In addition, natural food thickeners, such as natural gums (NGs) and starch, may also represent suitable potentially prebiotic substrates for probiotic genera such as the genus Bifidobacterium. Therefore, 204 bifidobacterial strains of 60 species and subspecies were tested for their ability to utilize 6 NGs (locust bean, guar, tragacanth, arabic, xanthan, and karaya gums) and starch.
Here we observed that the ability to utilize these substrates as a single carbon source is species and strain specific trait reflecting the host origin and diet. The utilization was evaluated based on the pH change, metabolite formation, and detection of viable bifidobacterial counts. In conclusion, 114 strains of human and animal origin (37 bifidobacterial species and subspecies) were able to utilize starch. Compared to that, mostly bifidobacteria of the animal origin were able to utilize a wider range of available natural substrates compared to the human bifidobacteria. In total, 29 strains were able to use NGs (10 species and subspecies). Most often used locust bean, guar, tragacanth, and arabic gums represent possible prebiotic sources for bifidobacteria in animal nutrition, ideally in synbiotic applications. Natural food thickeners were found to be useful potential prebiotics. However, a suitable combination with probiotic Bifidobacterium strains is required.
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•Natural food thickeners (NFT) are technologically useful, biodegradable and safe.•Locust bean, guar, and arabic gums are possible bifidogenic prebiotic sources.•Animal bifidobacteria utilize wider range of NFTs compared to human.•Utilization ability of bifidobacteria is host, species and strain specific.
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