Arboviruses are arthropod-dependent viruses to complete their zoonotic cycle. Among the transmitting arthropods, culicids stand out, which participate in the cycle of several arboviruses that can ...affect humans. The present study aimed to identify species of culicidae and to point out the risk of circulation, emergency, or reemergence of pathogenic arboviruses to humans in the region of the Jequitibá headquarters of the Parque Estadual dos Três Picos (PETP), in Cachoeiras de Macacu, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sampling was carried out at five Sample Points (SP) demarcated on trails from the headquarters, with CDC light traps, HP model with dry ice attached to the side, for 48 hours of activity each month. Additionally, active catches were made with a castro catcher in the period of one hour per day in the field, from six to eleven o'clock in the morning, in each PM. After the captures, thematic map was assembled using the ArcGIS 10 software and performing a multidimensional scaling (MDS). A total of 1151 specimens were captured and the presence of culicids already incriminated as vectors of arboviruses circulating in the region was observed: Aedes fluviatilis Lutz, 1904 (71 specimens); Aedes scapularis Rondani, 1848 (55 specimens); Haemagogus leococelaenus Dyar and Shannon, 1924 (29 specimens). In addition to the subgenus Culex (culex) spp. (163 specimens). In this sense, we highlight the importance of strengthening the actions of continuous entomological surveillance of the emergence and re-emergence of new arboviruses in ecotourism visitation parks.
Appearance of lentigines in an atopic dermatitis patient treated with dupilumab Grangeon, A.; Mallet, S.; Miquel, J. ...
JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology,
March 2024, 2024-Mar, 2024-03-00, 20240301, Letnik:
38, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannoma (VS) more often in adults but a severe paediatric form with multiple neurological tumours is also described. In this ...population, a early diagnosis is important to prevent the onset of neurological complications but is difficult, particularly without a familial history. Cutaneous manifestations, which may precede VS or neurological tumours by several years, may contribute to an early diagnosis, but specific studies are lacking. The objective of this study was to characterize cutaneous manifestations of NF2 in a paediatric population. This observational, descriptive and multicentric study was conducted from April 2019 to April 2020 in seven academic French hospitals. We included patients less than or equai to 18 years old who fulfilled the Manchester diagnostic criteria or had a pathogenic mutation identified in the NF2 gene. All patients underwent a dermatological examination guided by a standardized questionnaire. 21 children were included, of whom 20 had at least one skin tumour (mean number 5 + or - 4.6 range 0-15), which led to a diagnosis in four cases. In the other 17 cases, the diagnosis of NF2 was based on neurosensory complications (n = 10), family screening (n = 4) or ocular signs (n = 3). Before the NF2 diagnosis, 15 children had at least one "undiagnosed" cutaneous tumour that did not lead to a specific management. Patients' dermatological examination also revealed < 6 non specific café au lait macules (n = 15), hypopigmented macules (n = 12) with more than 3 lesions in 4 cases, and purple reticulated macules of the trunk (n = 4). Dermatological lesions are frequent and early in children with NF2 but rarely lead to the diagnosis. Cutaneous schwannomas are the most frequent but are often underdiagnosed. Café au lait macules are frequent, but atypical and mostly in small numbers. Multiple hypopigmented macules seem suggestive although inconsistent. The sensitivity of reticulated capillary malformation-like lesions remains to be assessed by further studies.
The molecular and evolutionary processes underlying fungal domestication remain largely unknown despite the importance of fungi to bioindustry and for comparative adaptation genomics in eukaryotes. ...Wine fermentation and biological ageing are performed by strains of S. cerevisiae with, respectively, pelagic fermentative growth on glucose and biofilm aerobic growth utilizing ethanol. Here, we use environmental samples of wine and flor yeasts to investigate the genomic basis of yeast adaptation to contrasted anthropogenic environments. Phylogenetic inference and population structure analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphisms revealed a group of flor yeasts separated from wine yeasts. A combination of methods revealed several highly differentiated regions between wine and flor yeasts, and analyses using codon‐substitution models for detecting molecular adaptation identified sites under positive selection in the high‐affinity transporter gene ZRT1. The cross‐population composite likelihood ratio revealed selective sweeps at three regions, including in the hexose transporter gene HXT7, the yapsin gene YPS6 and the membrane protein coding gene MTS27. Our analyses also revealed that the biological ageing environment has led to the accumulation of numerous mutations in proteins from several networks, including Flo11 regulation and divalent metal transport. Together, our findings suggest that the tuning of FLO11 expression and zinc transport networks are a distinctive feature of the genetic changes underlying the domestication of flor yeasts. Our study highlights the multiplicity of genomic changes underlying yeast adaptation to man‐made habitats and reveals that flor/wine yeast lineage can serve as a useful model for studying the genomics of adaptive divergence.
Herein, we described cases of children under 16 years old suspected to be infected with Monkeypox virus (MKPV) and diagnosed with chickenpox in public hospitals of Marseille, south of France.
We ...conducted a retrospective study from March 23rd, 2022 to October 20th, 2022 in our institution of results of MKPV DNA and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA detection by PCR performed on cutaneous lesions swabs collected from children <16 years old.
None of the cutaneous swabs collected from 14 children were positive for MKPV DNA. In contrast, 30/168 (17 %) cutaneous swabs collected from children were positive for VZV DNA. Of these 30 VZV-positive children, 7 had been suspected of MKPV infection because of their atypical rash, due to the location of the lesions and the chronology of their appearance.
As in our cohort, pediatric cases of the 2022 Monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic developed countries have been very rare. This variant of MKPV does not normally spread easily and requires very close physical contact between an infected person (skin lesions, bodily fluids or respiratory droplets) and another person to be transmitted. It will nevertheless be a question of remaining vigilant as not to ignore the possibility of close contact or sexual transmission of Monkeypox in a child, or the possibility of a new and more contagious variant.
It is difficult to differentiate Monkeypox infection from other infections associated with rashes, it is important to remember that viruses change as well as their forms of presentation.
•The main route of transmission of the Monkeypox virus variant circulating in Europe is through sexual or close contact.•The prevalence of Monkeypox in Europe is low in children (0.5 % in France).•Differentiating Chickenpox rash from that of Monkeypox can be difficult in children.
Targeted therapy (TT) and immunotherapies (ITs) have dramatically improved survival in metastatic melanoma (MM). However, their efficacy on brain metastasis (BM) remains limited and poorly ...documented.
Retrospective cohort of consecutive MM patients (pts) with BMs, all systematically upfront treated by Gamma-Knife (GK) at first BM and retreated in case of new BMs, from 2010 to 2015 at the time when ipilimumab BRAF ± MEK inhibitors and anti-PD1 were introduced in practice. Survival after 1st GK (OSGK1) according to prognostic factors and treatment.
Among 179 consecutive pts treated by GK, 109 received IT and/or TT after the 1st GK. Median OSGK1 was 10.95 months and 1- and 2-year survival rates were 49.5% and 27.4%, respectively, versus a median overall survival (OS) of 2.29 months (p < .001) in those who did not receive IT or TT. In pts who initially had a single BM, median OS and 1- and 2-year survival rates were 14.46 months, 66.7% and 43.4%, respectively; in pts with 2–3 BMs: 8.85 months, 46.4% and 31%, respectively; in pts with >3 BMs: 7.25 months, 37.2% and 11.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis for OSGK1 confirmed that IT and TT were significantly and highly protective. Best OSGK1 was observed in BRAF–wild-type pts receiving anti-PD1 or in BRAF-mutated pts receiving BRAF-inhibitors and anti-PD1 (12.26 and 14.82 months, respectively).
In real-life MM pts with BMs, a strategy aiming at controlling BM with GK together with TT and/or TT seems to achieve unprecedented survival rates.
•‘On-demand’ Gamma-Knife radiosurgery and new treatments achieve long survival in melanoma brain metastasis.•Best results seem to be achieved with immunotherapies.•The ideal timing of GK and the assessment of radiotoxicity warrant further study.
Two lines of broilers divergently selected for a high (D+) or a low (D-) AMEn on a wheat-based diet were studied for morphological and histological characteristics of the digestive tract. A total of ...630 birds of both lines were slaughtered after a 23-d feeding period. Digestive tract morphology and intestinal histology were investigated on a total of 24 birds to describe the consequences of divergent selection. Birds of the D+ line had 34% heavier gizzards (P < 0.001) and 22% heavier proventriculi than their D- counterparts. In contrast, intestines were 15 to 40% heavier in D- birds, mainly in the jejunum (P < 0.001) and ileum (P < 0.001). Intestinal segments were also longer (between 3 and 6%) in the D- birds. Intestinal villi were larger and longer in D- birds (P < 0.001), mainly in the jejunum (14 to 16%), and crypts were 10 to 15% deeper for the 3 intestinal segments in D- birds (P < 0.001). Muscle layers of the intestine were 17 to 24% thicker (P < 0.001) and goblet cells were 27 to 34% more numerous in the jejunum and ileum of D- birds (P = 0.027). This new characterization of the 2 lines shows that divergent selection based on AMEn modified the morphology of the proventriculus and gizzard, suggesting greater activity of this compartment in D+ than in D- birds. Intestinal adaptation revealed by visceral organ weight and length and histological modifications in D- birds can be viewed as an attempt to compensate for the low functionality of the gastric area.
Cladomorphus petropolisensis sp. nov., a new species of stick insect from Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is herein described and compared to the other sympatric species, C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ...(Phasmatidae, Cladomorphinae). The description of the new species is supported by morphological and molecular evidence. Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) intraspecific COI divergences among the holotype of C. petropolisensis sp. nov. and C. phyllinus individuals ranged from 2.9% to 4.4%, which are suggestive of distinct species, especially when considering that all Cladomorphus individuals studied were collected in the Petrópolis municipality. The new species can be distinguished from C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 by several characteristics: smaller size, the presence of two spines on the hind femora, the relative longer length of the ovipositor, and spiny tegument, especially in the mesonotum, sculpturing of the operculum of the egg.
Background
Dupilumab is the first biotherapy available for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe childhood atopic dermatitis (AD).
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and ...safety of dupilumab in daily practice.
Methods
Patients aged 6–11, who had received a first dose of dupilumab, were included in this multicentre retrospective cohort study. The primary endpoint was change in SCORAD after 3 months of treatment. Secondary endpoints were change in IGA score at 3 months, proportion of patients with SCORAD50 and SCORAD75, description of adverse events and proportion of children in our cohort who would be excluded from pivotal phase 3 clinical trial.
Results
Eighty patients were included. After 3 months of treatment, there was a significant decrease in SCORAD (mean: 21.8 ± 13.8 vs 53.9 ± 18.5; P < 0.0001) and IGA (1.3 ± 0.8 vs 3.5 ± 0.7; P < 0.0001). Conjunctivitis was observed in 11.3% (n = 9/80); three patients experienced dupilumab facial redness (DFR); 17.5% (n = 14/80) reported injection site reactions; 6.3% (n = 5/80) discontinued treatment. 61.2% (n = 49/80) children were ineligible in the phase 3 trial.
Limitations
There is no control group. Because it was a real life study based on information from patient medical records in a French multicentre cohort, we cannot rule out the presence of reporting bias generated by the use of patient reported characteristics and missing information.
Conclusion
These real‐life data confirm the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in children with moderate to severe AD extended to dyshidrosis and atopic prurigo, but it also revealed a lower frequency of DFR and conjunctivitis. However, administration in injectable form may be a barrier in this age group.
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