We propose a new concept of single-shot deflectometry for real-time measurement of three-dimensional surface profile using a single composite pattern. To retrieve an accurate phase from one-frame ...composite pattern, we adapt the Fourier Transform (FT) method and the spatial carrier-frequency phase-shifting (SCPS) technique to our proposed deflectometry. Based on Lissajous figure and ellipse fitting method, we also correct the phase extraction error in SCPS technique by reducing the effect of background and modulation variations. The proposed technique is verified by comparing our measurement results with phase-shifting deflectometry, and the maximum difference between two measurement results is less than 30 nm rms. We also test the robustness to vibration and the measurement capability for dynamic object.
Poverty is a multifaceted and location-based issue that cannot be quantified using monetary metrics alone. This study aims to evaluate the multidimensional poverty status of poor households in Ha ...Giang province, Vietnam, by using the DFID (Department for International Development) sustainable livelihood framework, an integrating technique for spatial recognition of multidimensional poverty, was developed and deployed to conduct a county-level poverty assessment in rural Vietnam. The multidimensional poverty standard is considered a novel approach to assess poverty, identify causes of poverty, and encourage poor households to sustainably escape poverty. A household survey was conducted in three rural districts, namely Dong Van, Hoang Su Phi, and Bac Quang in Ha Giang province, Vietnam, during 2016 to 2021. The results of the study show that surveyed households are deficient in all five main sources of livelihood, in which the three most deficient capital sources are natural capital, social capital, and financial capital. The findings revealed that the majority of farming households were classified as multidimensionally poor. The multidimensionally poor regions were not only poorer in single-dimensional and aggregate ratings than the income-poor and recognized poor regions, but they also had several vulnerabilities and insecurity. The assessment of multidimensional poverty, by distinguishing the poor, marginalized, and dispossessed dimensions, should be extremely beneficial for each region to design and execute poverty reduction programs accordingly, and it would contribute to improving the persistence of alleviating poverty. The article also proposes a number of sustainable poverty reduction measures, in which the root is to improve the spirit of self-raising to escape poverty of households.
Folk experiences suggest natural products in
can be effective inhibitors towards diabetes-related enzymes. The compounds were experimentally isolated, structurally elucidated, and tested in vitro for ...their inhibition effects on tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase (3W37). Density functional theory and molecular docking techniques were utilized as computational methods to predict the stability of the ligands and simulate interaction between the studied inhibitory agents and the targeted proteins. Structural elucidation identifies two natural products: 2-heptyl-1-methylquinolin-4-one (
) and 3-4-(4-methylhydroxy-2-butenyloxy)-phenyl-2-propenol (
). In vitro study shows that the compounds (
and
) possess high potentiality for the inhibition of PTP1B (IC
values of 24.3 ± 0.8, and 47.7 ± 1.1 μM) and α-glucosidase (IC
values of 92.1 ± 0.8, and 167.4 ± 0.4 μM). DS values and the number of interactions obtained from docking simulation highly correlate with the experimental results yielded. Furthermore, in-depth analyses of the structure-activity relationship suggest significant contributions of amino acids Arg254 and Arg676 to the conformational distortion of PTP1B and 3W37 structures overall, thus leading to the deterioration of their enzymatic activity observed in assay-based experiments. This study encourages further investigations either to develop appropriate alternatives for diabetes treatment or to verify the role of amino acids Arg254 and Arg676.
The goal of this study was to develop an adsorptive membrane based on electrospun graphene oxide/poly(vinylidene) fluoride fiber mat coated with chitosan (GO-PVDF/CS composite membrane) which can ...potentially be used to remove Mn
2+
from aqueous solutions by a continuous filtration process. This composite membrane was composed of two layers: the first layer was the electrospun PVDF fiber mat containing GO, supporting mechanical strength, improving hydrophilicity, and providing adsorptive sites; the second layer was a thin CS film coated on top of the first layer with the aim of significantly enhancing hydrophilicity and adsorption capacity of the composite membrane. The hydrophilicity and porosity of the GO-PVDF/CS composite membrane depended on the concentration of the CS solution, subsequently affecting the Mn
2+
removal efficiency of the membrane. The GO-PVDF/CS membrane achieved the maximum Mn
2+
removal efficiency of 90.7 wt% by a continuous flow filtration process with a flux of 157.3 L.m
−2
.h
−1
.bar
−1
. The GO-PVDF/CS membrane was able to decrease the concentration of Mn
2+
from 5.72 to 0.38 mg/L in the groundwater-contaminated Mn
2+
after two filtration processes, reaching the notification level of Mn
2+
for drinking water that was allowed by several countries. Therefore, the GO-PVDF/CS membrane can be an effective adsorptive filtration membrane used to remove Mn
2+
from groundwater.
Evaluating the prognosis of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) who may be at risk of poor outcomes using grading systems is one way to make a better decision on treatment for ...these patients. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the modified World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), WFNS, and Hunt and Hess (H&H) Grading Scales in predicting the outcomes of patients with aSAH. From August 2019 to June 2021, we conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study on adult patients with aSAH in three central hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. The primary outcome was the 90-day poor outcome, measured by a score of 4 (moderately severe disability) to 6 (death) on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). We calculated the areas under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUROCs) to determine how well the grading scales could predict patient prognosis upon admission. We also used ROC curve analysis to find the best cut-off value for each scale. We compared AUROCs using Z-statistics and compared 90-day mean mRS scores among intergrades using the pairwise multiple-comparison test. Finally, we used logistic regression to identify factors associated with the 90-day poor outcome. Of 415 patients, 32% had a 90-day poor outcome. The modified WFNS (AUROC: 0.839 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.795-0.883; cut-off valuegreater than or equal to2.50; P.sub.AUROC <0.001), WFNS (AUROC: 0.837 95% CI: 0.793-0.881; cut-off valuegreater than or equal to3.5; P.sub.AUROC <0.001), and H&H scales (AUROC: 0.836 95% CI: 0.791-0.881; cut-off valuegreater than or equal to3.5; P.sub.AUROC <0.001) were all good at predicting patient prognosis on day 90.sup.th after ictus. However, there were no significant differences between the AUROCs of these scales. Only grades IV and V of the modified WFNS (3.75 standard deviation, SD: 2.46 vs 5.24 SD: 1.68, p = 0.026, respectively), WFNS (3.75 SD: 2.46 vs 5.24 SD: 1.68, p = 0.026, respectively), and H&H scales (2.96 SD: 2.60 vs 4.97 SD: 1.87, p<0.001, respectively) showed a significant difference in the 90-day mean mRS scores. In multivariable models, with the same set of confounding variables, the modified WFNS grade of III to V (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 9.090; 95% CI: 3.494-23.648; P<0.001) was more strongly associated with the increased risk of the 90-day poor outcome compared to the WFNS grade of IV to V (AOR: 6.383; 95% CI: 2.661-15.310; P<0.001) or the H&H grade of IV to V (AOR: 6.146; 95% CI: 2.584-14.620; P<0.001). In this study, the modified WFNS, WFNS, and H&H scales all had good discriminatory abilities for the prognosis of patients with aSAH. Because of the better effect size in predicting poor outcomes, the modified WFNS scale seems preferable to the WFNS and H&H scales.
While conducting sentinel surveillance of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Vietnam, we found a sudden increase in the prevalence of coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) in 2016 and CV-A2 and CV-A4 in ...2017, the emergence of which has been reported recently to be associated with various clinical manifestations in other countries. However, there have been only a limited number of molecular studies on those serotypes, with none being conducted in Vietnam. Therefore, we sequenced the entire VP1 genes of CV-A10, CV-A4, and CV-A2 strains associated with HFMD in Vietnam between 2012 and 2017. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a trend of endemic circulation of Vietnamese CV-A10, CV-A4, and CV-A2 strains and the emergence of thus-far undescribed HFMD-causing lineages of CV-A4 and CV-A2. The Vietnamese CV-A10 strains belonged to a genotype comprising isolates from patients with HFMD from several other countries; however, most of the Vietnamese strains were grouped into a local lineage. Recently, emerging CV-A4 strains in Vietnam were grouped into a unique lineage within a genotype comprising strains isolated from patients with acute flaccid paralysis from various countries. New substitutions were detected in the putative BC and HI loops in the Vietnamese CV-A4 strains. Except for one strain, Vietnamese CV-A2 isolates were grouped into a unique lineage of a genotype that includes strains from various countries that are associated with other clinical manifestations. Enhanced surveillance is required to monitor their spread and to specify their roles as etiological agents of HFMD or “HFMD-like” diseases, especially for CV-A4 and CV-A2. Further studies including whole-genome sequencing should be conducted to fully understand the evolutionary changes occurring in these newly emerging strains.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Aflatoxins B1 are among the most common poisonous mycotoxins produced by certain fungi that harm animals and crops. Mycotoxins can cause a variety of adverse health effects and ...pose a serious health threat to humans. The Maximum Residue Limits of aflatoxin B1 in processed cereals and ingredients are 2 parts per billion (ppb) and 5 ppb, respectively. Objectives: To evaluate the status of aflatoxin B1 contamination in rice, corn and staple food produced in Ha Giang province compared with the maximum permitted levels. Methods: A total of 210 rice and maize samples were analyzed to quantify the level of aflatoxin B1. Analysis of mycotoxins was conducted by High Performance Liquid Chromatography using a fluorescence detector. Results: It was found that rice, rice products, maize, and maize products had a mean aflatoxin B1 content of 1.79 ppb, 2.55 ppb, 2.19 ppb, and 6.35 ppb, respectively. The results also showed that 71.9% of samples were contaminated with mycotoxins, and 14.28% of samples exceeded the maximum allowable limit. Conclusion: The concentration of aflatoxin B1 in 14.28% of the samples are over permissible limits by nationwide regulations.
The prevalence of risk factors for poor outcomes from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) varies widely and has not been fully elucidated to date in Vietnam. Understanding the risk and prognosis ...of aneurysmal SAH is important to reduce poor outcomes in Vietnam. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the rate of poor outcome at 90 days of ictus and associated factors from aneurysmal SAH in the country.
We performed a multicenter prospective cohort study of patients (≥18 years) presenting with aneurysmal SAH to three central hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam, from August 2019 to August 2020. We collected data on the characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with aneurysmal SAH and compared these data between good (defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0 to 3) and poor (mRS, 4-6) outcomes at 90 days of ictus. We assessed factors associated with poor outcomes using logistic regression analysis.
Of 168 patients with aneurysmal SAH, 77/168 (45.8%) were men, and the median age was 57 years (IQR: 48-67). Up to 57/168 (33.9%) of these patients had poor outcomes at 90 days of ictus. Most patients underwent sudden-onset and severe headache (87.5%; 147/168) and were transferred from local to participating central hospitals (80.4%, 135/168), over half (57.1%, 92/161) of whom arrived in central hospitals after 24 hours of ictus, and the initial median World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grading score was 2 (IQR: 1-4). Nearly half of the patients (47.0%; 79/168) were treated with endovascular coiling, 37.5% (63/168) were treated with surgical clipping, the remaining patients (15.5%; 26/168) did not receive aneurysm repair, and late rebleeding and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) occurred in 6.1% (10/164) and 10.4% (17/163) of patients, respectively. An initial WFNS grade of IV (odds ratio, OR: 15.285; 95% confidence interval, CI: 3.096-75.466) and a grade of V (OR: 162.965; 95% CI: 9.975-2662.318) were independently associated with poor outcomes. Additionally, both endovascular coiling (OR: 0.033; 95% CI: 0.005-0.235) and surgical clipping (OR: 0.046; 95% CI: 0.006-0.370) were inversely and independently associated with poor outcome. Late rebleeding (OR: 97.624; 95% CI: 5.653-1686.010) and DCI (OR: 15.209; 95% CI: 2.321-99.673) were also independently associated with poor outcome.
Improvements are needed in the management of aneurysmal SAH in Vietnam, such as increasing the number of aneurysm repairs, performing earlier aneurysm treatment by surgical clipping or endovascular coiling, and improving both aneurysm repairs and neurocritical care.
Climate change has adversely affected the agricultural activities of farmers in the mountainous regions of Vietnam. This research investigates ethnic minority farmers’ perceptions and use of local ...knowledge to adapt to climate change. Data were collected from 362 farmers through surveys, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The binary logit model was employed to examine factors influencing farmers’ perceptions of climate change. The results indicate that farmers have been aware of overall changes in climate—particularly the weather becoming hotter over the last 20 years. Commune locations, education levels, forest area, income, credit, information from smartphones, forest year and attending climate change/natural disaster reduction training were factors that significantly affected farmers’ perceptions of climate change. Our findings suggest that policymakers should consider farmers’ perceptions and local knowledge when designing and formulating mitigation policies.
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