This article examines how neopatrimonial relationships within the state's territorial administration support the rise and institutionalization of authoritarian rule. Using the case of Uzbekistan, it ...explores how neopatrimonialism within the state infrastructure halts political and economic reform, undermines the rule of law, and diminishes social welfare provision to the public. This case provides important lessons for other post-Communist countries: permitting neopatrimonial relationships to flourish within the territorial administration may provide useful sources of support by binding provincial elites to the regime, but over the long-term they further entrench authoritarianism and sow seeds of instability. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
This study examined coping styles and attributions for negative events among chronically depressed outpatients to determine whether these variables mediated differences in depression treatment ...outcome between combined nefazodone and cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP), versus nefazodone and CBASP alone. Chronically depressed outpatients (
N
= 517) who completed the initial 12-week treatment phase were included in the analyses. Attributional style and coping met criteria for partial mediation of the combination treatment effect over nefazodone, accounting for 60% of the difference in treatment outcome. Escape-avoidant coping met criteria for partial mediation of the combination treatment effect over CBASP, accounting for 37% of the treatment differential. Among all of the cognitive and coping variables evaluated, escape-avoidance coping emerged as the dominant mediating variable. These findings suggest that nefazodone and CBASP each produced changes in maladaptive cognitions and coping, and that the superiority of combined treatment was partially accounted for by the additive effects of both forms of treatment on these variables.
This study examined whether reactance would negatively influence treatment outcome in 347 patients diagnosed with chronic forms of depression and treated at 9 sites with either Nefazodone, ...cognitive-behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP), or combination therapy. Contrary to our hypotheses, reactance positively predicted treatment outcome in CBASP on 2 of 4 scales. These effects were independent of the therapeutic alliance, which also positively predicted outcome. Reactance did not predict outcome in the groups receiving medication alone or in combination with CBASP. The findings suggest that reactance may be an asset in psychotherapy among chronically depressed individuals and that reactant patients can benefit from directive psychotherapy when therapists flexibly respond to perturbations in the therapeutic relationship. Results support the importance of Aptitude × Treatment interactions in psychotherapy outcome. The direction and significance of such interactions may vary with different forms of psychopathology.
The present study examines the contribution of psychotherapist variables
to change in depressive symptoms in a large clinical trial comparing the
efficacy of the cognitive-behavioral analysis system ...of
psychotherapy, the antidepressant nefazodone, and the combination
of both in the treatment of chronic depression. Greater change on the
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) was associated with
greater emphasis on the therapeutic relationship, lower overall
psychotherapy caseload, therapist psychodynamic orientation, and
supervisory status. There was no relationship between HRSD change and
therapist sex, age, or years of experience.
This study examined the influences of proposed specific and common psychotherapeutic factors in a sample of chronically depressed adult outpatients. Participants (N = 324) were drawn from a ...multi-site clinical trial that compared the efficacies of the cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP), nefazodone, and their combination. This report is limited to patients receiving CBASP alone or combination treatment. A series of regression analyses were performed to test whether: (1) the ability to utilize the skills taught in CBASP mediated the relationship between the early therapeutic alliance and endpoint depression, and (2) the therapeutic alliance moderated the relationship between skill utilization and endpoint depression. Neither model was supported. Instead, each of these factors contributed independently and additively to alleviation of depressive symptoms. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
On May 13–14, 2005, state security forces suppressed an uprising in Andijan city, resulting in the deaths of hundreds—possibly seven hundred—civilians (including many women and children).¹ The ...crackdown after the uprising spread well beyond Andijan Province, resulting in a wave of arrests, a refugee crisis in neighboring Kyrgyzstan, and a turn away from Western engagement in Uzbekistan’s foreign relations.² For Uzbekistan’s domestic and international politics alike, the 2005 Andijan uprising was a pivotal event, dramatically demonstrating the farreaching consequences of the regime’s tenuous hold over regional politics.
The 2005 Andijan uprising was also crucial test for the
The core argument of this book is that weak states defined by low capital mobility have specific political ramifications for local elites. Those elites may command resources, but they cannot convert ...their resources into rents without patrons and protection within the state. This promotes various combinations of rent-seeking opportunities for local elites, which can be decisive during moments of political, economic, or social crisis. In some cases, a coercive rentseeking state emerges, which leads to cycles of coercion, extraction, dissent, and repression. Other cases succumb to state failure and are defined by fractious state apparatuses, unable to bind the “loyalty”
PATHWAYS TO FAILURE Markowitz, Lawrence P
State Erosion,
10/2013
Book Chapter
During my second visit to southern Tajikistan’s Amirshoev Farm, after failing to catch up with the farm chair (whose BMW outran my driver’s twenty-year-old Jiguli), I turned to others at the farm to ...interview. Amirshoev is the furthest farm from Kuliab’s district center, requiring a thirty-minute drive over deteriorated roads through well-maintained cultivated fields. Situated deep in Khatlon Province, in the foothills not far from the Afghanistan border, the farm has its own bazaar, apteka (pharmacy), and several shops clustered in the center, constituting a self-sufficient village. With a worried glance in the direction of his departed boss, the secretary
The successor states of the former Soviet Union fit well within the broader universe of postimperial orders. Like the image of the African colonial state as Bula Matari (crusher of rocks), the Soviet ...state swept away many pre-Soviet institutions. In place of those institutions emerged a Soviet system that deeply embedded neopatrimonial relationships down to the lowest levels of the state. Crawford Young’s description of the postcolonial state in Africa holds true of the post-Soviet state as well: “The formal Weberian traits evoked by an image of an integral state—impersonality of office, uniform application of rules, predictability of behavior,
