Relationships between macroscopic lesions and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp), Pasteurella multocida (Pm), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App), ...Haemophilus parasuis (Hps) and Streptococcus suis (Ssuis) of the lungs of 3731 slaughter pigs from 125 herds were assessed in France. Pneumonia and pleuritis were the most frequent lesions (69.3% and 15% of the lungs, respectively). Mhp, Pm, App, Ssuis and Hps were detected in 69.3%, 36.9%, 20.7%, 6.4% and 0.99% of the lungs, respectively. Mhp and Pm were associated with pneumonia at both the pig and herd levels. Pleuritis was not associated with any pathogen at the pig level, but was associated with a high percentage of pigs PCR-positive for App at the herd level. Measures focused on control of Mhp, Pm and App should significantly reduce the occurrence of both pneumonia and pleuritis.
The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal route of infection and the optimal sampling sites for the recovery of
M. hyopneumoniae, the etiological agent of enzootic porcine pneumonia. ...Virulence of two strains, BQ 14 and 116, isolated in France in 1975 and 2003, respectively, was also compared. Groups of specific pathogen free piglets were experimentally infected by the intratracheal or intranasal route. One non-inoculated pig was placed in each group of infected pigs to study direct transmission. Two groups were kept uninfected. Coughing was recorded daily. Blood samples, nasal, tonsillar and tracheal swabs and tracheobronchiolar washings were collected weekly. Pigs were killed 27–37 days post-infection. Lung lesions were scored and swabs were collected from nasal cavities, tonsils, trachea, lung, liver and spleen. All the samples, collected from live and dead pigs, were cultured for
M. hyopneumoniae recovery. Results showed that both experimentally infected pigs and contact pigs developed enzootic pneumonia, whatever the route of infection and the strain tested. Direct contact transmission occurred quickly. No difference between the two routes of infection or between the two strains tested was evidenced, but high individual variations were observed between pigs. Tracheal swabs and tracheobronchiolar washings were the most effective samples to detect
M. hyopneumoniae compared to nasal or tonsillar swabs. Our results also suggested that tracheobronchiolar washings could have an influence on the lesion extent observed at necropsy.
M. hyopneumoniae could be re-isolated from liver and spleen of experimentally infected pigs and contact pigs.
As a part of our ongoing Volume-limited A-Star (VAST) adaptive optics survey, we have obtained observations of 26 binary systems with projected separations <100 au, 13 of which have sufficient ...historical measurements to allow for refinement of their orbital elements. For each system with an estimated orbit, the dynamical system mass obtained was compared with the system mass estimated from mass-magnitude relations. Discrepancies between the dynamical and theoretical system mass can be explained by the presence of a previously unresolved spectroscopic component or by a non-solar metallicity of the system. Using this approach to infer the presence of additional companions, a lower limit to the fraction of binaries, triples and quadruples can be estimated as 39, 46 and 15 per cent for systems with at least one companion within 100 au. The fraction of multiple systems with three or more components shows a relative increase compared to the fraction for solar-type primaries resolved in previous volume-limited surveys. The observations have also revealed a pair of potentially young (<100 Myr) M dwarf companions, which would make an ideal benchmark for the theoretical models during the pre-main-sequence contraction phase for M dwarfs. In addition to those systems with orbit fits, we report 13 systems for which further orbital monitoring observations are required, 11 of which are newly resolved as a part of the VAST survey.
Metabolic encephalopathies Marois, C; Quirins, M; Hermann, B ...
La revue de medecine interne
40, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Metabolic encephalopathies (ME) are a common cause of admission to emergency rooms, to hospitalization wards or to intensive care units. They could account for 10 to 20% of causes of comatose states ...in ICU and could be associated to a poor outcome especially in older patients. Nevertheless, they are often reversible and are associated with a favorable outcome when diagnosed and rapidly treated. They correspond to an altered brain functioning secondary to the deficiency of a substance that is mandatory for the normal brain functioning or to the accumulation of a substance that can be either endogenous or exogenous. It preferably occurs in co-morbid patients, complicating its diagnosis and its management. Altered brain functioning, going from mild neuropsychological impairment to coma, movement disorders especially myoclonus and the absence of any obvious differential diagnosis are highly suggestive of the diagnosis. Whereas some biological samplings and brain MRI are essential to rule out differential diagnosis, some others, such as electroencephalogram, may be able to propose important clues in favor of the diagnosis. Once simple symptomatic measures are introduced, the treatment consists mainly in the correction of the cause. Specific treatment options are only seldom available for ME; this is the case for hepatic encephalopathy and some drug-induced encephalopathies. We will successively describe in this review the main pathophysiological mechanisms, the main causes, favoring circumstances of ME, the differential diagnosis to rule out and the etiological work-up for the diagnosis. Finally, a diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for the care of patients with ME will be proposed.
With an adaptive optics imaging survey of 148 B6-A7 stars, we have tested the hypothesis that unresolved lower mass companions are the source of the unexpected X-ray detections of stars in this ...spectral type range. The sample is composed of 63 stars detected in X-rays within the ROSAT All Sky Survey and 85 stars that form a control sample; both subsets have the same restricted distribution of spectral type, age, X-ray sensitivity and separation coverage. A total of 68 companion candidates are resolved with separations ranging from 0.3 to 26.2 arcsec, with 23 new detections. The multiple star frequency of the X-ray sample based on companions resolved within the ROSAT error ellipse is found to be 43+6
−6 per cent. The corresponding control sample multiple star frequency is three times lower at 12+4
−3 per cent - a difference of 31 ± 7 per cent. These results are presented in the first of a series of papers based on our Volume-limited A-Star (VAST) survey - a comprehensive study of the multiplicity of A-type stars.
Direct imaging of the HR 8799 system was a major achievement in the study of exoplanets. HR 8799 is a Delta *g Doradus variable and asteroseismology can provide an independent constraint on the ...inclination. Using 650 high signal-to-noise, high-resolution, full visual wavelength spectroscopic observations obtained over two weeks at Observatoire de Haute Provence with the SOPHIE spectrograph, we find that the main frequency in the radial velocity data is 1.9875 day--1. This frequency corresponds to the main frequency as found in previous photometric observations. Using the FAMIAS software to identify the pulsation modes, we find that this frequency is a prograde l = 1 sectoral mode and obtain the constraint that inclination i 40?.
A longitudinal study was carried out in five French farrow-to-finish herds differently affected by respiratory diseases to describe the carrying and infection patterns of batches of sows to various ...respiratory pathogens during gestation and lactation. An entire batch of sows was followed during two successive reproduction cycles. Nasal, tonsillar and oro-pharyngeal swabs and blood samples were taken from each sow 9 and 4 weeks before farrowing and 1 and 4 weeks after farrowing.
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,
Pasteurella multocida,
Haemophilus parasuis and
Streptococcus suis were detected from swab samples using PCR assays. Blood samples were tested for antibodies against
M. hyopneumoniae,
A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1-9-11 and 2, Porcine Circovirus type-2 (PCV-2) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) by ELISA tests. Antibodies against H
1N
1, H
1N
2 and H
3N
2 Swine Influenza Viruses (SIV) of European lineages were tested by hemagglutination inhibition assay. The results indicated that
S. suis is widespread among sows (67.1% of PCR-positive sows).
A. pleuropneumoniae,
P. multocida, and
H. parasuis were detected by PCR in 30.9%, 24.6% and 23.4% of the sows, respectively. Antibodies against
M. hyopneumoniae were recovered from more than 55% of the sows in all herds whereas the micro-organism was detected in 2.4% of the sows. Although PCV-2 and SIV infections were highly prevalent, the PRRSV infection patterns ranged from no infection in farms mildly affected by respiratory diseases to active circulation in more severely affected herds. The sow population thus constitutes a reservoir for a continuous circulation of respiratory pathogens and needs to be properly considered in control strategies.
Using the integral field spectrograph OSIRIS, on the Keck II telescope, broad near-infrared H- and K-band spectra of the young exoplanet HR8799b have been obtained. In addition, six new narrowband ...photometric measurements have been taken across the H and K bands. These data are combined with previously published photometry for an analysis of the planet's atmospheric properties. Thick photospheric dust cloud opacity is invoked to explain the planet's red near-IR colors and relatively smooth near-IR spectrum. Strong water absorption is detected, indicating a hydrogen-rich atmosphere. Only weak CH4 absorption is detected at K band, indicating efficient vertical mixing and a disequilibrium CO/CH4 ratio at photospheric depths. The H-band spectrum has a distinct triangular shape consistent with low surface gravity. New giant planet atmosphere models are compared to these data with best-fitting bulk parameters, T eff = 1100 K ?100 and log (g) = 3.5 ? 0.5 (for solar composition). Given the observed luminosity (log L obs/L ~ -- 5.1), these values correspond to a radius of 0.75 R Jup +0.17 -- 0.12 and a mass of ~0.72 M Jup +2.6 -- 0.6--strikingly inconsistent with interior/evolution models. Enhanced metallicity (up to ~10X that of the Sun) along with thick clouds and non-equilibrium chemistry are likely required to reproduce the complete ensemble of spectroscopic and photometric data and the low effective temperatures (<1000 K) required by the evolution models.
Angular differential imaging is a high-contrast imaging technique that reduces quasistatic speckle noise and facilitates the detection of nearby companions. A sequence of images is acquired with an ...altitude/azimuth telescope while the instrument field derotator is switched off. This keeps the instrument and telescope optics aligned and allows the field of view to rotate with respect to the instrument. For each image, a reference point-spread function (PSF) is constructed from other appropriately selected images of the same sequence and subtracted to remove quasistatic PSF structure. All residual images are then rotated to align the field and are combined. Observed performances are reported for Gemini North data. It is shown that quasistatic PSF noise can be reduced by a factor 65 for each image subtraction. The combination of all residuals then provides an additional gain of the order of the square root of the total number of acquired images. A total speckle noise attenuation of 20-50 is obtained for a 1 hr long observing sequence compared to a single 30 s exposure. A PSF noise attenuation of 100 was achieved for a 2 hr long sequence of images of Vega, reaching a 5 s contrast of 20 mag for separations greater than 8. For a 30 minute long sequence, ADI achieves signal-to-noise ratios 30 times better than a classical observation technique. The ADI technique can be used with currently available instruments to search for 61M sub(Jup) exoplanets with orbits of radii between 50 and 300 AU around nearby young stars. The possibility of combining the technique with other high-contrast imaging methods is briefly discussed.
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