This paper shows the influence of the local magnetic forces on the mechanical analysis of a superconducting dipole magnet employing Nb3Sn technology. On high field magnets, the iron yoke has several ...functions: (1) magnetically, it increases the magnetic field in the bore and it has a shielding function; (2) mechanically, iron helps on the coil pre-load, transferring the mechanical forces provided by the external support structure. In many Nb3Sn magnets for particle accelerators, the cable is wound around an iron piece. As a consequence, the magnetic force on the iron can play an important role on the coil stress. The magnetic forces on the iron components can be computed using several different methods and the goal of this paper is to compare three expressions for the Maxwell stress tensor to compute local magnetic forces on iron considering a B-H curve. The influence of these forces on the mechanical behavior of the magnets is then analyzed, taking into account the uncertainties in determining their correct distribution. To achieve this goal, a numerical tool to perform Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was developed using vector potential formulation with first order nodal elements. The solution obtained from the magneto-static problem was used to calculate and compare the magnetic force distribution. The contributions from the Lorentz forces on coils are also taken into account in the mechanical analysis and are compared to the ones computed by using the Maxwell stress tensor on coils.
•Laboratory results from 178 887 Brazilian COVID-19 patients and controls were evaluated.•Distinct disease profiles influenced by age and sex were detected.•Such profiles may underly the occurrence ...of severe disease.
The progression and severity of COVID-19 vary significantly in the population. While the hallmarks of SARS-CoV-2 and severe COVID-19 within routine laboratory parameters are emerging, the impact of sex and age on these profiles is still unknown.
A multidimensional analysis was performed involving millions of records of laboratory parameters and diagnostic tests for 178 887 individuals from Brazil, of whom 33 266 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Analyzed data included those relating to complete blood cell count, electrolytes, metabolites, arterial blood gases, enzymes, hormones, cancer biomarkers, and others.
COVID-19 induced similar alterations in laboratory parameters in males and females. CRP and ferritin were increased, especially in older men with COVID-19, whereas abnormal liver function tests were common across several age groups, except for young women. Low peripheral blood basophils and eosinophils were more common in the elderly with COVID-19. Both male and female COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units displayed alterations in the coagulation system, and higher values for neutrophils, CRP, and lactate dehydrogenase.
Our study uncovered the laboratory profiles of a large cohort of COVID-19 patients, which formed the basis of discrepancies influenced by aging and biological sex. These profiles directly linked COVID-19 disease presentation to an intricate interplay between sex, age, and immune activation.
•Survivability mechanisms for OTN over DWDM optical networks.•Simultaneous resilience mechanisms of protection and restoration.•Resilience to double link failures.•Optimized placement of OTN ...interfaces in a network.•Finding the minimum CAPEX to support the network demands.
Due to the expansion of telecommunication services, the demand for technologies that improve transmission quality has been growing in recent years. One of these technologies is optical transport networks (OTNs), which works as a layer above the DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) network to enable the most efficient use of resources. This work proposes an OTN network planning solution over DWDM based on heuristic algorithms. The main objective is to plan the allocation of OTN network interfaces (the most costly element) to meet the performance and resilience requirements. We implemented two versions of the heuristic algorithm. The first version, called OTN-PASRIN-Max, delivers a robust solution to ensure all planning requirements, but the heuristic does not guarantee a solution that deploys the minimum number of resources. The second version, which is our main proposal, is called OTN-PASRIN and returns a solution that simultaneously maximizes resilience and minimizes the deployment of resources through better reuse of components, which causes a reduction in the final cost of the project. We evaluate our proposal in two scenarios, a small network with 4 OTN nodes, and a larger network with 16 OTN nodes. For the small network, we compared the results of the proposed algorithm with an exhaustive search, and the results were very close in all traffic conditions. In the larger network, we performed a comparison between our proposal and the other version (OTN-PASRIN-Max). The results showed that OTN-PASRIN saves a considerable amount of resources (approximately 20%) in all studied scenarios.
The presence of acidic compounds as naphthenic acids in crude oil causes several problems for the petroleum industry, including corrosion in both upstream and downstream production processes. Based ...on this scenario, the main objective of this work was to investigate the removal of the acidic compound from two Brazilian heavy oils by adsorption processes using six potential adsorbents: powdered shale, activated carbon, bentonite, silica gel, powdered sandstone and powdered wood. These raw materials were previously characterized by conventional and surface analysis techniques, which show that they offer a good surface area and thermal stability. To evaluate the removal efficiency at the molecular level, the crude oil samples and the filtered oils were analyzed by negative electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry ESI (-) FTICR MS. The O2 class, which is related to the relatively high acidity of the samples, was the most abundant in both crude oil samples, moreover, this class was more retained by adsorbents. Silica gel, activated carbon and bentonite were the best adsorbents of acidic compounds from the tested oils, in agreement with their markedly higher surface area and porous volume. Additionally, a chromatographic analysis was performed and showed no changes in the oil profile.
Feeding restriction in rats alters the oscillators in suprachiasmatic, paraventricular, and arcuate nuclei, hypothalamic areas involved in food intake. In the present study, using the same animals ...and experimental protocol, we aimed to analyze if food restriction could reset clock genes (
) and genes involved in lipid metabolism (
) through nutrient-sensing pathways (
) in peripheral tissues.
Rats were grouped according to food access: Control group (CG, food
), Restricted night-fed (RF-n, food access during 2 h at night), Restricted day-fed (RF-d, food access during 2 h in the daytime), and Day-fed (DF, food access during 12 h in the daytime). After 21 days, rats were decapitated at ZT3 (0900-1000 h), ZT11 (1700-1800 h), or ZT17 (2300-2400 h). Blood, liver, brown (BAT) and peri-epididymal (PAT) adipose tissues were collected. Plasma corticosterone and gene expression were evaluated by radioimmunoassay and qPCR, respectively.
In the liver, the expression pattern of
and
shifted when food access was dissociated from rat nocturnal activity; this phenomenon was attenuated in adipose tissues. Daytime feeding also inverted the profile of energy-sensing and lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver, whereas calorie restriction induced a pre-feeding increased expression of these genes. In adipose tissues,
expression was modified by daytime feeding and calorie restriction, with concomitant expression of
and
but not
and
.
Feeding restriction reset clock genes and genes involved in lipid metabolism through nutrient-sensing-related genes in rat liver, brown, and peri-epididymal adipose tissues.
To identify predictors of immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Assess associations between ...outcomes and the development of IRAEs.
Retrospective analysis of patients with NSCLC treated with ICIs between 2016 and 2020 in the Pulmonology Department of our hospital. Patients with and without IRAEs were compared. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of IRAEs. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the long-rank test was used to assess survival differences between groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to identify factors associated with PFS and OS. The value considered statistically significant was p≤0.05.
A total of 184 patients (77.7% men, mean age 66.9±9.5 years) treated with ICIs were analyzed. During follow-up, 49 (26.6%) patients developed IRAEs and 149 (81.0%) died. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, treatment with statins (OR:3.15; p = 0.007), previous systemic corticosteroid therapy (OR:3.99; p = 0.001), disease controlled as response to ICI (OR:5.93; p < 0.001) and higher hemoglobin values (OR:1.28; p = 0.040) were independent predictors for the development of IRAEs. Patients who developed IRAEs had significantly longer medians of PFS (41.0 vs 9.0 weeks, p < 0.001) and OS (89.0 vs 28.0 weeks; p < 0.001).
Patients treated with statins, pre-ICI systemic corticosteroids, higher baseline hemoglobin value and controlled disease as initial response to ICI had a higher risk of developing IRAEs. The development of IRAEs was associated with better outcomes.
Background:Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a highly prevalent painful condition that is considered a major risk factor for the early development of hip osteoarthritis (HOA). The molecular ...pathway behind the association between FAI and HOA remains unclear. Unraveling the elements that constitute this pathway is a milestone in the search of innovative methods to prevent HOA - not only for patients with FAI.Objectives:This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to assess the differences in the molecular expression of hip joint tissues between patients with i) FAI without HOA; ii) HOA due to FAI; and iii) healthy hip joints.Methods:Our study (PROSPERO: CRD42023404290) was conducted following the PRISMA statement. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection and data extraction steps. Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, PubMed, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscuss and The Cochrane Library were screened. We searched for all primary studies assessing the differences in the molecular expression of hip joint tissues of patients with early-staged FAI (without HOA) compared to patients with HOA due to late-staged FAI, with or without comparisons with healthy joints. The risk of bias (RoB) of these studies was assessed by using a checklist based on the “criteria rated by five tools” 1. Studies presenting low or moderate RoB were selected for meta-analysis, in which we used a random-effects model. We considered the mean and standard deviation of normalized units for each element being compared in more than 1 study to perform meta-analyses. For comparisons across 4 different studies or more, we calculated the standardized mean difference (SMD; 95% CI). Otherwise, we calculated MD.Results:Nineteen studies were selected for full-text reading, of which 9 were included for RoB assessment. Three studies were excluded due to a high RoB. Inclusion of patients with hip dysplasia in the healthy group and insufficient description regarding methods and sample characteristics were the main sources of RoB. For the remaining 6 studies 2-7, a summary can be found in the Figure 1. Femoral chondral expression (FCE) of IL-1β was higher in FAI compared to healthy joints MD 40 (33-47); I2 = 1%. Compared to HOA, FCE of IL-1β in FAI was higher in a study 2 and similar in another 3. Synovial expression of IL-1β was higher in HOA compared to FAI MD 30(24-37); I2=70%. FCE of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4 was higher in FAI compared to healthy joints SMD 5(2-8); I2=86%; MD 38(33-43); I2 = 1% - respectively. Compared to HOA, FCE of MMP-13 in FAI was similar in 3 studies 3, 4, 7, higher in 1 study 2, and lower in another 5. FCE of DNMT3B was higher in healthy joints compared to FAI MD 8(5-11); I2 = 1%, and higher in FAI compared to HOA MD 4(3-6); I2 = 1%. Labral expressions of IL-1β, IL-8, MMP-3 and COL1A1 were significantly higher in HOA compared to FAI. FCE of PPARγ decreased with disease progression (i.e., healthy > FAI > HOA) 7, while FCE of DNMT1, DNMT3A 7 and ABAT 4 increased with disease progression. Compared to healthy joints, FCE of FasL, p21, Bcl2 6, and NITEGE 3 in FAI was significantly higher. Synovial expression of COL1A1, IL-8 and MMP-3 was significantly higher in HOA compared to FAI.Conclusion:The hip chondral microenvironment in FAI has a predominance of pro-inflammatory chondrolysis-related (IL-1β, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, NITEGE) and senescence-related (FasL, p21, Bcl2) expression compared to healthy joints, and is often similar to that found in HOA. Labral and synovial microenvironments in HOA have a predominance of expression associated to extracellular matrix degeneration (COL1A1, MMP-3) and inflammation triggering (IL-8, IL-1β) compared to FAI. Perhaps, the key for progression from FAI to HOA lies in extra-chondral joint tissues. The decrease in the hip chondral expression of DNMT3B and PPARγ with disease progression (healthy > FAI > HOA) indicates a loss of control on chondrocytic apoptosis and on extracellular matrix regeneration in FAI and, even worse, in HOA.REFERENCES:1 PMID: 33964880.2 PMID: 26791034 (Chinzei).3 PMID: 32736506 (Haneda).4 PMID: 36606425 (Kamenaga).5 PMID: 36463522 (Kuhns).6 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjp.2021.100011 (Liang).7 PMID: 35288246 (Pascual-Garrido).Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
Aim
To assess the immediate influence of dentine bonding systems (DBS) associated with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) on glass‐fibre post‐bond strength to root dentine, in terms of coronal, ...middle and apical thirds.
Methodology
Sixty bovine roots were root filled and randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups (n = 10): SBMP (3‐step etch‐and‐rinse system, Scotchbond Multi‐Purpose), SB (2‐step etch‐and‐rinse system, Single Bond 2), SE (2‐step self‐etching system, Clearfil SE Bond) and SBMP‐CHX, SB‐CHX and SE‐CHX, respectively, associated with CHX. For all groups, a glass‐fibre post was luted with a dual‐cure resin cement, RelyX ARC. After 7‐day storage, specimens were subjected to the push‐out test. Failure modes were analysed under optical microscopy (40x). Bond strength values were statistically analysed by two‐way anova and Bonferroni tests (P < 0.05).
Results
The effect of DBS was significant (P < 0.05), and SE reached higher bond strength in comparison with the other DBS tested. CHX association did not show improvement with any DBS (P > 0.05); rather, it negatively affected SE, which was detected for all thirds. There was no difference between thirds (P > 0.05), except for the SE‐CHX, which presented lower values for the apical third (P < 0.05). Adhesive cement/dentine adhesive failure was predominant for all groups. CHX did not influence the failure mode for any DBS (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
The performance of the dentine bonding systems was material dependent. CHX did not improve immediate bond strength; however, CHX negatively affected the bond strength of the self‐etching system, especially in the third apical.
This study compares local ecological knowledge (LEK) of fishers from the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (SWAO), Brazil, related to the franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei). We conducted 330 ...ethnographic interviews in ten fishing communities in southern and southeastern Brazil between 2012 and 2018. Boolean or Classic Logic was used to identify 95 fishers who were able to recognize the franciscana dolphin accordingly to the taxonomic entity P. blainvillei: 23 in northern Espírito Santo state, one in southern Espírito Santo, 20 in northern Rio de Janeiro state, and 51 in northern Paraná state. Among these 95 fishers, 87.4% (n = 83) reported incidental captures in fishing nets. Among these, 52 (54.7%) did not know any solution to this problem. Interviews revealed that the fishers usually discard carcasses in the sea after fat and muscle tissue are removed so that they can be used as bait for shark fishing or as food. In Southeastern Brazil, fishers LEK related to their ability to identify franciscana dolphin varied from 'no identification' and 'extremely low identification' to 'partial' and 'good identification,' while in southern Brazil, fishers mainly presented a 'good identification' of the dolphins. We propose comanagement actions to conserve the franciscana dolphin in the SWAO.
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