Graft failure is a major complication after unrelated cord blood transplantation. Presence of HLA-antibodies before cord blood transplantation may impact graft failure. To analyze the effect of ...anti-HLA antibodies on unrelated cord blood transplantation outcomes, we analyzed 294 unrelated cord blood transplant recipients after reduced intensity conditioning regimen. The majority of the patients (82%) were transplanted for malignancies, 60% with double-unrelated cord blood transplant, 63% were HLA mismatched. Retrospectively, pre-unrelated cord blood transplant serum was tested for HLA-Ab using Luminex™ platform. Results were interpreted as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) against donor-specific mismatch. Among 62 recipients (23%) who had anti-HLA antibodies before unrelated cord blood transplant, 14 patients had donor specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) (7 were donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies for single unrelated cord blood transplant and 7 for double unrelated cord blood transplant). Donor specific anti-HLA antibodies threshold ranged from 1620-17629 of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). Cumulative incidence of Day-60 neutrophil engraftment was 76%: 44% for recipients with donor specific anti-HLA antibodies and 81% in those without donor specific anti-HLA antibodies (P=0.006). The cumulative incidence of 1-year transplant related mortality was 46% in patients with donor specific anti-HLA antibodies and 32% in those without antibodies (P=0.06). The presence of donor specific anti-HLA antibodies was associated with a trend for decreased survival rate (42% vs. 29%; P=0.07). Donor specific anti-HLA antibody in recipients of unrelated cord blood transplant is associated with graft failure and decreased survival. Patient's screening for donor specific anti-HLA antibodies before unrelated cord blood transplantation is recommended before choosing an HLA mismatched cord blood unit. Whenever possible it is important to avoid selecting a unit for which the patient has donor specific anti-HLA antibodies.
Priming of Reach and Grasp Actions by Handled Objects Masson, Michael E. J; Bub, Daniel N; Breuer, Andreas T
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance,
10/2011, Letnik:
37, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Pictures of handled objects such as a beer mug or frying pan are shown to prime speeded reach and grasp actions that are compatible with the object. To determine whether the evocation of motor ...affordances implied by this result is driven merely by the physical orientation of the object's handle as opposed to higher-level properties of the object, including its function, prime objects were presented either in an upright orientation or rotated 90degrees from upright. Rotated objects successfully primed hand actions that fit the object's new orientation (e.g., a frying pan rotated 90degrees so that its handle pointed downward primed a vertically oriented power grasp), but only when the required grasp was commensurate with the object's proper function. This constraint suggests that rotated objects evoke motor representations only when they afford the potential to be readily positioned for functional action. (Contains 7 figures.)
•Cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose were submitted to hydrothermal carbonisation.•The effect of severity on products yields and on pH variation was studied.•Furfural (FU) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural ...(5-HMF) production kinetics were described.•The highest FU and 5-HMF production was in the range of severity 3.5–4.5.•Lignin decomposition vs. severity was studied by monitoring up to nine compounds.
The main compounds of plant biomass, i.e., cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose, were submitted to hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) in ranges of temperature and time of 140–240 °C and 0.5–24 h, respectively. Those parameters were combined into a single one, the severity factor, and its effect on hydrochar yield on the one hand, and on pH, yield and composition of the liquid fraction on the other hand, was investigated in depth. The production of furanic and phenolic compounds was correlated with both severity and pH. The kinetics of furfural (FU) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) production and consumption were also investigated and modelled, and the results were compared to those reported in the literature. The production of nine phenolic compounds from lignin HTC was also considered.
As a potential alternative to standard null hypothesis significance testing, we describe methods for graphical presentation of data - particularly condition means and their corresponding confidence ...intervals - for a wide range of factorial designs used in experimental psychology. We describe and illustrate confidence intervals specifically appropriate for between-subject versus within-subject factors. For designs involving more than two levels of a factor, we describe the use of
contrasts
for graphical illustration of theoretically meaningful components of main effects and interactions. These graphical techniques lend themselves to a natural and straightforward assessment of statistical power.
Les moyens habituels pour évaluer les données des expériences supposent l'application de méthodes d'essai d'une hypothèse nulle à l'aide de tests statistiques comme les tests
t
et les analyses de la variance. Un certain nombre de désavantages de l'approche du test de signification de l'hypothèse nulle pour tirer des conclusions à partir des données ont été identifiés dans les débats courants qui entourent l'utilité de l'approche. En tant que méthodes alternatives éventuelles aux méthodes d'essai d'une hypothèse nulle et particulièrement en tant qu'autre moyen que de se fier au concept du rejet de l'hypothèse nulle, nous décrivons des méthodes de présentation graphique des données, particulièrement les moyennes de condition et leurs intervalles de confiance correspondants. La motivation pour une présentation graphique des moyennes avec des intervalles de confiance est de mettre l'accent sur l'interprétation du modèle de moyennes, y compris l'estimation de l'importance des différences entre les moyennes et le niveau de confiance qui peut être accordé à ces estimations. Cette approche peut être mise en contraste avec l'idée centrale qui sous-tend les méthodes d'essai d'une hypothèse nulle, soit de faire des décisions binaires au sujet des hypothèses nulles. Pour faciliter l'application de l'interprétation des données graphiques, nous décrivons des méthodes de calcul des intervalles pour les moyennes qui sont appropriées à une vaste gamme de conceptions factorielles utilisés en psychologie expérimentale. Même si la construction d'intervalles de confiance pour des échantillons indépendants de sujets est une technique relativement bien connue, les intervalles de confiance pour des conceptions intrinsèques au sujet le sont moins. Nous nous appuyons sur notre recherche antérieure (
Loftus & Masson, 1994
), qui fournit la justification d'une méthode de construction des intervalles de confiance pour les conceptions intrinsèques au sujet. Dans ces conceptions, même si les intervalles de confiance ne livrent pas d'information sur les valeurs absolues des moyennes de population, ils sont très utiles dans l'interprétation des modèles de différence entre les moyennes. À l'aide d'ensembles de données hypothétiques nous illustrons la construction d'intervalles de confiance qui sont tout particulièrement appropriés aux conceptions entre sujet par opposition à intrinsèques au sujet, ainsi que des intervalles de confiance pour des conceptions factorielles pures et mixtes. Ces intervalles de confiance sont calculés à l'aide de termes d'erreurs MS appropriés produit dans le cadre du calcul standard des méthodes d'essai d'une hypothèse nulle. Pour les conceptions faisant appel à plus de deux niveaux d'un facteur, nous décrivons l'utilisation de contrastes fondés sur des combinaisons pondérées de moyennes de conditions. Ces contrastes peuvent être tracés comme des effets avec des intervalles de confiance correspondants et, par conséquent, fournissent une illustration graphique de composants significatifs d'un point de vue théorique d'effets principaux et d'interactions. Ces techniques graphiques se prêtent à une évaluation naturelle et explicite de la puissance statistique. En général, des intervalles de confiance plus petits supposent une plus grande puissance statistique. Toutefois, dans le contexte de l'interprétation graphique des données, la puissance ne renvoie pas à la probabilité du rejet d'une hypothèse nulle, mais au niveau de confiance qu'on peut mettre dans le modèle observé de différences entre les moyennes.
Abstract O-GlcNAc glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) corresponds to the addition of N-acetylglucosamine on serine and threonine residues of cytosolic and nuclear proteins. O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic ...post-translational modification, analogous to phosphorylation, that regulates the stability, the activity or the subcellular localisation of target proteins. This reversible modification depends on the availability of glucose and therefore constitutes a powerful mechanism by which cellular activities are regulated according to the nutritional environment of the cell. O-GlcNAcylation has been implicated in important human pathologies including Alzheimer disease and type-2 diabetes. Only two enzymes, OGT and O-GlcNAcase, control the O-GlcNAc level on proteins. Therefore, O-GlcNAcylations cannot organize in signaling cascades as observed for phosphorylations. O-GlcNAcylations should rather be considered as a “rheostat” that controls the intensity of the signals traveling through different pathways according to the nutritional status of the cell. Thus, OGT attenuates insulin signal by O-GlcNAcylation of proteins involved in proximal and distal steps in the PI-3 kinase signaling pathway. This negative feedback may be exacerbated when cells are chronically exposed to elevated glucose concentrations and could thereby contribute to alterations in insulin signaling observed in diabetic patients. O-GlcNAcylation also appears to contribute to the deleterious effects of hyperglycaemia on excessive glucose production by the liver and deterioration of β-cell pancreatic function, resulting in worsening of hyperglycaemia (glucotoxicity). Moreover, O-GlcNAcylations directly participate in several diabetic complications. O-GlcNAcylation of eNOS in endothelial cells have been involved in micro- and macrovascular complications. In addition, O-GlcNAcylations activate the expression of profibrotic and antifibrinolytic factors, contributing to vascular and renal dysfunctions.
We examined individual differences in masked repetition priming by re-analysing item-level response-time (RT) data from three experiments. Using a linear mixed model (LMM) with subjects and items ...specified as crossed random factors, the originally reported priming and word-frequency effects were recovered. In the same LMM, we estimated parameters describing the distributions of these effects across subjects. Subjects' frequency and priming effects correlated positively with each other and negatively with mean RT. These correlation estimates, however, emerged only with a reciprocal transformation of RT (i.e., − 1/RT), justified on the basis of distributional analyses. Different correlations, some with opposite sign, were obtained (1) for untransformed or logarithmic RTs or (2) when correlations were computed using within-subject analyses. We discuss the relevance of the new results for accounts of masked priming, implications of applying RT transformations, and the use of LMMs as a tool for the joint analysis of experimental effects and associated individual differences.
Intentions and Actions Masson, Michael E. J.
Canadian journal of experimental psychology,
12/2018, Letnik:
72, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Manipulable objects have the potential to evoke mental representations of hand actions. Behavioural evidence favouring the view that this process happens automatically while passively viewing objects ...is critically examined. A case is made for the alternative proposal that objects may evoke action representations when observers concurrently operate with an intention to engage in a reach-and-grasp action. In addition, the nature of hand action representations was examined by considering two components of actions, hand selection and wrist orientation, and it is shown that the relationship between these dimensions is modulated by task context. When an action representation is evoked by a task-irrelevant object, these two dimensions are to a large extent independent of one another, but when an observer prepares an action for immediate production, these two action features are hierarchically integrated, with hand selection dominating the hierarchy.
Les objets manipulables ont le potentiel de susciter des représentations mentales d'actions manuelles. Les preuves comportementales démontrant que ce processus se fait automatiquement lors de l'observation passive d'objets sont soumises à un examen critique. Une hypothèse alternative est mise de l'avant suggérant que les objets peuvent susciter des représentations d'action lorsque les observateurs agissent en même temps avec l'intention de s'engager dans une action d'atteinte et de saisie. En outre, la nature des représentations d'actions manuelles a été examinée en tenant compte de deux éléments d'action, le choix de main et l'orientation du poignet, et il est démontré que la relation entre ces dimensions est modulée par le contexte de la tâche. Lorsque la représentation de l'action est suscitée par un objet sans relation avec la tâche, ces deux dimensions sont, dans une large mesure, indépendantes l'une de l'autre, mais lorsqu'un observateur prépare une action en vue d'une production immédiate, ces deux caractéristiques d'action sont intégrées de façon hiérarchique, le choix de main dominant la hiérarchie.
Public Significance Statement
Knowledge about objects includes the actions we use when interacting with them. This work describes how action knowledge is recruited when people encounter objects and demonstrates differences between this action knowledge and what happens when a person prepares to perform an action. These different ways of organizing our thoughts about actions appear to be associated with different brain regions.
Tar reduction and monitoring is the major stake for gasification processes. Pyrolysis is the precursor mechanism of the gasification of solid fuels and tar production. The evolution of gas and tar ...composition produced from wood chips pyrolysis was investigated in a tubular reactor as a function of its wall temperature (700–1000 °C, with gas mean residence times of 1.1–2.7 s). High thermal severities lead to the “gasification” regime, promoting gas production from tar conversion. Tar (benzene, toluene, o- and m-xylenes, phenol, indene, o-, m-, and p-cresols, naphthalene, 1- and 2-methylnaphthalenes, acenaphthylene, and phenanthrene) were quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis using deuterated internal standards. Closed mass balances were obtained. A simplified chemical scheme of secondary tar conversion is proposed. Under the investigated range of thermal severity, CH4 production is mainly controlled by aromatic tar demethylation. Linear relations were observed between the molar production of benzene and CH4 and between all quantified tars and C2H4 (ethene). CH4 and C2H4 could thus be analyzed by direct online methods and used as indicators of the tar content and speciation for gasifier monitoring. The validity of these relations depends upon the thermal conditions of reactors and biomass composition. These relations could be suitable for dual-fluidized-bed gasifiers because H2O has very few chemical effects on hydrocarbon thermal conversion.
This paper describes mass, C, H, and O balances for wood chips pyrolysis experiments performed in a tubular reactor under conditions of rich H
2 gas production (700–1000
°C) and for determined solid ...heating rates (20–40
°C
s
−1). Permanent gases (H
2, CO, CH
4, CO
2, C
2H
4, C
2H
6), water, aromatic tar (10 compounds from benzene to phenanthrene and phenols), and char were considered in the balance calculations. Hydrogen (H) from dry wood is mainly converted into CH
4 (more than 30% mol. of H at 900
°C), H
2 (from 9% to 36% mol. from 700 to 1000
°C), H
2O, and C
2H
4. The molar balances showed that the important yield increase of H
2 from 800 to 1000
°C (0.10
Nm
3
kg
−1 to 0.24
Nm
3
kg
−1 d.a.f. wood) cannot be solely explained by the analyzed hydrocarbon compounds conversion (CH
4, C
2, aromatic tar). Possible mechanisms of H
2 production from wood pyrolysis are discussed.
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