Pension insurance is very important for the social security of every individual or insured person in this system. Pension systems are part of the social policy system, which represents organized ...activity of the state and other social factors and affects the sustainable development of society. Social policy deals with the causes, forms and consequences of redistribution of the national income, with the aim of overcoming social risks, helping poor and excluded people, and improving the social welfare. The pension system is a crucial part of social policy. It is a set of legal norms, financial and institutional arrangements regulating insurance against the risks of old age and disability. Since the pension system protects against the most significant social risks that can happen to everyone (e.g. old age, disability, etc.), its stability is of great importance to the population of any country. The aim of this paper is to analyze the main characteristics of pension systems in certain European countries and to identify the key parameters that play a role in further development of these systems. In doing so, the authors have investigated the compatibility of these systems with the European social model using a comparative analysis and have determined the impact of capitalized savings as an important factor in the social security of pension scheme members.
A good system of corporate governance is a key prerequisite for sustainable economic growth and increased efficiency of an economic system and it guarantees easier access to foreign sources of ...capital. The financial system of Bosnia and Herzegovina is dominated by the banking system. The banking system is mostly owned by foreign enterprises. It is characterised by a very high level of ownership concentration and a closed system of corporate governance. A successful corporation requires efficient and successful management, as development of good practice in corporate governance is a sine qua non for corporations aiming to prosper on the market. Measuring corporate governance provides a clear overview of strengths and weaknesses of the system of corporate governance, not only for banks, but also for other enterprises. It is a foundation for a long-term sustainable and socially responsible growth and development, both of the banking system and the entire economic system of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The pension system is very important in the context of the social security of every individual or the society in which it is located. Maintaining the stability of this system is one of the ...fundamental problems, both for Croatia and for other EU member states. The aim of this paper is to analyse the efficiency and sustainability of the existing pension system in the Republic of Croatia and the identification of key parameters which determine its further development. The authors’ comparative analysis of the Croatian pension system with the pension systems of individual EU Member States investigates the compliance of the Croatian pension insurance with the European social model, and the impact of economic factors on the sustainability of this system. Through the survey, authors explored the impact of non-economic factors on the pension system, and received relevant information about the attitudes of stakeholders (users) of the current pension system, their awareness and confidence in the system, the willingness to participate in certain forms of pension insurance (in particular those that are voluntary) and expectations of the insured on the return on investment, and the threshold of satisfaction on investments in pension funds.
The aim of a human resources management model in the function of regional development is to provide effective mediation in the labour market achieved by increasing the quality of service adjusted to ...the clients` needs, along with the development of knowledge, skills and abilities of everyone involved in human resources management. They should also continuously improve partnership relations with all the stakeholders in the labour market. A leading role in the development of the Croatian labour market, particularly when it comes to balancing the total labour supply and demand aimed at increasing employment is played by the Croatian Employment Service (CES). The CES follows the strategic goals of regional development. The Croatian Employment Service has the following strategic goals: - to develop the services provided by the Croatian Employment Service in order to stimulate workforce competition and address the labour market needs. - to develop human potential and administrative capacity of the Croatian Employment Service in creation and provision of new services in the labour market - to achieve a leading role of the Croatian Employment Service in the labour market by stimulating partnership and increasing its impact on adopting and realizing public policies. In the current economic crisis the Croatian Employment Service has reconfirmed its conviction that investment in human resources is the crucial measure aimed at increasing employability through acquiring knowledge and skills in demand on the labour market. The other side of this issue is the need to prevent the loss of skills resulting from long periods of unemployment. It is possible to notice three different approaches in raising and allocating resources for financing regional development, which is explained on the example of one of the economically most developed regional (local) selfgovernment units. In spite of having common development goals, local selfgovernments proceed differently in carrying out these tasks. Funding of public needs through public-private partnership (PPP) is motivated primarily by limited availability of public financing, together with the endeavours to improve the quality and efficiency of public services. Contracting projects by means of PPP should be seen as one of the possibilities if project characteristics allow for such a model, and if clear advantages and benefits can be demonstrated in comparison with traditional procurement methods. Furthermore, we should point out overcoming limitations in funding, involving private sector in the construction of public infrastructure and provision of public services, stimulating innovation in public services, and increasing consumer satisfaction. Public-private partnerships are very complex in terms of design, management and implementation, which indicates that everybody should be very cautious regarding this model, even though it could provide a range of advantages. Taking into account that these are normally long-term projects, there is a possibility that expected benefits are not realized. In view of this, special precautions should be taken when contracting such projects so as to avoid possible deterioration of public services. Within the international monetary system, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, together with their affiliates, are indispensable financial institutions that play a crucial role in handling financial problems in the world, particularly in underdeveloped and developing countries. Some major goals of these institutions are establishing economic stability around the world, financing the members that have encountered different economic difficulties, and providing counselling in order to re-establish macroeconomic balance. The cooperation between these two institutions and Croatia takes place mostly through their granting different arrangements (usually stand-by arrangements), loans and donations.The European Union provides some other important sources of financing for the regional development, in particular through credit institutions, funds and non-monetary financial institutions.
The term ‘corporate governance’ stands for a set of relations between management, large and small shareholders and other interest groups. A good corporate governance system is the basic postulate of ...sustainable economic growth, increase in economic system efficiency and a guarantee for easier access to sources of foreign capital. Ownership concentration is a significant internal mechanism of corporate governance because it greatly defines the relationship between owner and manager. There are two types of ownership concentration: highly dispersed ownership, that is, low ownership concentration, and very high ownership concentration. These concentration differences affect the corporate governance system itself, so there is a difference between a closed corporate governance system in the situation of high ownership concentration and an open corporate governance system where the situation is the reverse. The form of the system affects how the governing body is formed and structured, as well as how it operates and conducts its business policies. Within the financial system of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the banking system is dominant. An analysis of the corporate governance system has shown a relationship between ownership concentration and the form of the corporate governance system itself. The banking sector is predominantly owned by foreign companies and is characterized by a high ownership concentration. The fact that the corporate governance system isclosed affects the election of members to the governing body and their work in enforcing business policies.
U radu se obrađuju emisije optjecajnog kovinskog novca država članica Europske unije koje
koriste nacionalni novac kao zakonsko sredstvo plaćanja (države članice s odstupanjem)
sa aspekta utjecaja ...tih okolnosti na obvezu uvođenja zajedničke valute. Godine 2021. to su
Bugarska, Češka, Danska, Hrvatska, Mađarska, Poljska, Rumunjska i Švedska. Prema Ugovoru
o osnivanju Europske unije države članice ove asocijacije su obvezne (uz dvije iznimke) uvesti
zajedničku valutu Unije - euro u trenutku kada ispune uvjete za to. Ovakvo uređenje novčanog
suvereniteta u Europskoj uniji implicira da u ovoj zajednici sada postoji devet različitih valutnih
područja. Jedno, ujedno i najveće novčano područje je eurozona sa zajedničkom valutom i
čini ga devetnaest država članica Unije te osam novčanih područja (država) s nacionalnom
valutom. Države članice s odstupanjem su dužne ispunjavati svoje obveze u odnosu na ostvarenje
ekonomske i monetarne unije kao najvišeg stupnja integracije. Ove aktivnosti su predmet
valorizacije najmanje svake dvije godine ili po zahtjevu države članice s odstupanjem.
Novčana rješenja u segmentu optjecajnog kovinskog novca u državama Europske unije
sa nacionalnim novcem su različita i drukčija od uređenja u eurozoni. Prije svega se to
odnosi na gospodarenje ovim novcem, ali i numizmatičkim aspektima njihovih izdanja kao
i tradicijom u pojedinim sredinama. Stoga ovakvo stanje ima i utjecaj na proces uvođenja
zajedničkog novca u tim državama.
Zajednički optjecajni kovinski novac u Europskoj uniji je euro i njegov stoti dio euro cent. Ovaj
je novac zakonsko sredstvo plaćanja na području svih država koje su ga prihvatile i one čine
eurozonu. Svaka država emitent ovoga novca samostalno uređuje njegov avers dok je revers
zajednički. Optjecajni kovinski novac, unatoč činjenici da bezgotovinska plaćanja postaju sve
zastupljenija, i dalje, posebno u nekim sredinama, je izuzetno prisutan i značajan novčani oblik.
Kroz analizu veličine apoenskog niza emisija optjecajnog kovinskog novca u svakoj državi
koja koristi nacionalnu valutu, materijala koji se koristi u njihovoj izradi, vremenu puštanja
ovih apoena u optjecaj te njihovoj kupovnoj snazi zaključuje se o monetarnim politikama u
segmentu optjecajnog novca ovih država i odrazu istih na prihvaćanje zajedničkog novca.
U radu se daje prikaz značajnijih novčanih unija u povijesti te osnovne specifičnosti novčanih
rješenja u Europskoj uniji.
U radu se obrađuje monetarna politika Europske ekonomske i monetarne unije u segmentu
optjecajnog kovinskog novca koji glasi na euro i euro cente kojeg izdaju države članice
Europske unije ...(europodručje) te države koje službeno koriste ovu valutu. Budući da je
Hrvatska u fazi uvođenja eura, jedna od aktivnosti je, i uređenje nacionalne strane hrvatskih
eurokovanica kako bi se zaključio ovaj proces.
Gotovinski novac europodručja i država koje službeno koriste euro je kovinski novac i
novčanice. Kovinski novac nije jedinstvena kategorija. Čine ga optjecajni kovinski novac,
prigodni optjecajni kovinski novac te prigodni kovinski novac. Pritom se, prigodni optjecajni
kovinski novac u europodručju emitira kao zajednički i nacionalni.
Optjecajni kovinski novac koji glasi na eure i euro cente te zajednički prigodni optjecajni
kovinski novac koji isključivo glasi na 2 eura (uz novčanice) zakonsko je sredstvo plaćanja
u svim državama koje koriste zajedničku valutu. Trenutno europodručje čini devetnaest
država Europske unije. Euro kao zajedničku valutu koriste službeno i četiri države koje nisu
članice Unije temeljem zaključenih monetarnih sporazuma s Unijom s pravom izdavanja
eurokovanica sa nacionalnom stranom.
Optjecajni kovinski novac i zajednički prigodni optjecajni kovinski novac su jedine vrste
gotovinskog novca europodručja i četiri države koje službeno koriste euro koje imaju jednu
stranu – revers identičnu bez obzira na državu izdavatelja (zajednička strana), a drugu
stranu (nacionalna strana) - avers s nacionalnim obilježjima.
The term ‘corporate governance’ stands for a set of relations between management, large and small shareholders and other interest groups. A good corporate governance system is the basic postulate of ...sustainable economic growth, increase in economic system efficiency and a guarantee for easier access to sources of foreign capital. Ownership concentration is a significant internal mechanism of corporate governance because it greatly defines the relationship between owner and manager. There are two types of ownership concentration: highly dispersed ownership, that is, low ownership concentration, and very high ownership concentration. These concentration differences affect the corporate governance system itself, so there is a difference between a closed corporate governance system in the situation of high ownership concentration and an open corporate governance system where the situation is the reverse. The form of the system affects how the governing body is formed and structured, as well as how it operates and conducts its business policies. Within the financial system of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the banking system is dominant. An analysis of the corporate governance system has shown a relationship between ownership concentration and the form of the corporate governance system itself. The banking sector is predominantly owned by foreign companies and is characterized by a high ownership concentration. The fact that the corporate governance system is closed affects the election of members to the governing body and their work in enforcing business policies.
The paper researches financial history of Brod-Posavlje, the extent of economic development and its infuence on financial sector from the middle of 18th century to the middle of 20th century. What we ...deal with are four most important institutions in the segments of the economic and later financial activities of this period. With the increasing needs of population the first to develop is craft while later intensive development of industry leads to the phenomenon of the first financial institutions (first of all, lower financial organizations level) and also to gradual development of banking that signifcantly infuences the whole development of Slavonski Brod and its surroundings.
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