Gravitational Vacuum Condensate Stars Mazur, Pawel O.; Mottola, Emil; Aharonov, Yakir
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS,
06/2004, Letnik:
101, Številka:
26
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A new final state of gravitational collapse is proposed. By extending the concept of Bose-Einstein condensation to gravitational systems, a cold, dark, compact object with an interior de Sitter ...condensate pv=-ρvand an exterior Schwarzschild geometry of arbitrary total mass M is constructed. These regions are separated by a shell with a small but finite proper thickness ℓ of fluid with equation of state p = +ρ, replacing both the Schwarzschild and de Sitter classical horizons. The new solution has no singularities, no event horizons, and a global time. Its entropy is maximized under small fluctuations and is given by the standard hydrodynamic entropy of the thin shell, which is of the order$k_{{\rm B}}\ell Mc/\hslash $, instead of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy formula,$S_{{\rm BH}}=4\pi k_{{\rm B}}GM^{2}/\hslash c$. Hence, unlike black holes, the new solution is thermodynamically stable and has no information paradox.
•Prooxidant activity of Amaranth oil is revealed in adrenalin autooxidation reaction.•Amaranth oil modulates the physical chemical properties of membranes.•Amaranth oil use improves incorporation of ...neurotensin in plasma membranes.•Resistance to oxidative damage increases in Amaranth oil supplemented animals.•Amaranth oil reduced oxidative destruction products under stress conditions.
In this paper the oil from seeds of Amaranthus cruentus L. (AmO) was shown to be an efficient modulator of the physical chemical properties of artificial lipid and rat hepatocyte plasma membranes. AmO improved the membrane stability, their stress resistance and the adsorption of neurotensin to plasma membranes with the distinct biphasic interactions being observed even after adrenalin stress exposure. The analysis of pro-/antioxidant balance in rat blood revealed a mild prooxidant activity after AmO intake, which was accompanied by accumulation of oxidative destruction products in plasma membranes. This prooxidant action of AmO was corroborated in vitro in an adrenalin autooxidation model. On the other hand, the observed improved resistance to adrenalin stress in AmO supplemented rats was associated with an antioxidant response in blood and plasma membrane studies. The AmO effects can be attributed to the modulation of the metabolic pathways involved into oxygen and free radical homeostasis.
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