The optimal surgical margins assessment is capital in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) management. We evaluated the clinical benefits of integrating intraoperative macroscopic margin (MM) ...assessment and narrow band imaging (NBI).
Sixteen OSCC patients eligible for surgery were prospectively enrolled. For each patient, 2 to 6 bioptic samples of MM and NBI margins were obtained and histologically analyzed for the presence of dysplasia and lymphocytes. Microvessel density was investigated by CD34 immunohistochemistry.
Taken together, 104 specimens were analyzed, including 15% tumors, 33% MM, 33% NBI margins, and 19% MM-NBI overlapping margins. The NBI margins were closer to the lesion in 50% cases, while the same number of MM were more conservative than NBI, irrespective of the tumor site. The rate of histologically positive margins was similar among the two methods, akin to the microvessel density.
MM assessment should be integrated but not replaced with the NBI technology to allow for more conservative surgery.
This paper considers the role of digital recording methods and visualisation tools in the primary recording of archaeology at the Neolithic tell site of Çatalhöyük, Turkey. Operating within and ...building on Çatalhöyük Research Project's understanding of reflexive methods (Hodder 2000b, 2003; Berggren and Nilson 2014; Berggren et al. 2015) we incorporate elements of science and technology studies (Pickering 1995) in order to create a framework for documenting the complete process of devising, implementing, and assessing digitised and tablet-based workflows. These harness the project's existing SQL database and intra-site GIS, as well as the increasingly user-friendly suite of 3D recording technologies which are now available to archaeologists. The Çatalhöyük Research Project's longstanding engagement with digital methods in archaeology means that such a study is well placed to provide insights into wider disciplinary trends that might be described as a 'Digital Turn'. By offering a review of tablet recording and exploring the effects of its introduction upon the archaeologists' relationship with the archaeological remains, we investigate the applied integration of digital recording technologies and their role in facilitating a deeper reflexivity in the interpretation of the archaeology on the site.
Çatalhöyük was first discovered as one of the earliest urban settlements in the late 1950s and excavated by James Mellaart between 1961 and 1965. The 9000-year-old town in central Turkey rapidly ...became famous internationally due to the large size and dense occupation of the settlement, as well as the spectacular wall paintings and other art that were uncovered inside the houses. Since 1993, under the direction of Ian Hodder, research at Çatalhöyük has pioneered a reflexive approach to archaeological practice, in which information is permanently open to reinterpretation by both scholars and the public. This approach acknowledges the mutual dependence of knowledge and the underlying research, to which end the Çatalhöyük Project decided to make its records available via the Web and to invite public comment since its onset. After 25 years of excavation, the project's digital assets now amount to close to 5TB, including formal textual and numeric records, freetext documents, audiovisual materials, and a comprehensive collection of spatial data. The reflexive method, or 'documentation of the documentation process,' adds a separate layer of information that specifies how data have been gathered, and facilitates critique, understanding, and the evolution of knowledge.
In this paper we lay out our vision of an interactive archive that provides access to the multi layered information contained in this massive amount of data and how web technological advances have been incorporated into the digital data management at Çatalhöyük. Ultimately, the goal is to support an interdisciplinary process of assembling data into arguments on the basis of multiple lines of evidence. The 'Living Archive' will enable intuitive engagement across the entire variety of research, making use of the rich reflexive information stored with the data. The results of new analyses can in turn be reintegrated with the already existing data. The application will use open standards so that the knowledge gathered at Çatalhöyük can be linked with other projects that follow similar publication procedures based on the semantic web approach.
Abstract Utilising multiple lines of evidence for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction improves our understanding of the past landscapes in which human populations interacted with other species. ...Illuminating such processes is key for a nuanced understanding of fundamental transitions in human history, such as the shift from hunting and gathering to farming, and allows us to move beyond simple deterministic interpretations of climate-driven innovation. Avifaunal remains provide detailed indications of complex multi-species interactions at the local scale. They allow us to infer relationships between human and non-human animals, but also to reconstruct their niche, because many bird species are sensitive to specific ecological conditions and will often relocate and change their breeding patterns. In this paper, we illustrate how novel evidence that waterfowl reproduced at Levantine wetlands, which we obtained through biomolecular archaeology, together with modern ornithological data reveals conditions of wetlands that are conducive for breeding waterfowl. By understanding the interplay between wetland productivity cycles and waterfowl ecology, we argue that human modifications to the environment could have promoted wetland productivity inviting waterfowl to remain year-round. Within this landscape of “mutual ecologies”, the feedback resulting from the agency of all species is involved in the construction of the human niche.
This dissertation investigates the social organization of large agricultural Neolithic communities using Çatalhöyük (7100-6000 BC) as a case study. My research aims to explore the nature of social ...networks that emerged within early agriculture communities during the early Holocene, including changes through time and the way they were spatially arranged. While the long-lived and densely occupied site of Çatalhöyük does not reveal clear signs of social differentiation or hierarchical power structures, differences between houses have been observed and explained in a variety of ways since the site was first discovered. This dissertation examines the hypothesis of social arrangements proposed by several scholars. It tests the role of spatial proximity as a principle of social organization, as well as the existence of cross-cutting connections linking houses across the entire site. Furthermore, it measures variation through time and potential changes in social structure from the Early to the Late occupation periods. From a methodological point of view, the social fabric of Çatalhöyük and its changing social geography is studied via formal socio-material network methods incorporating a large and diverse archaeological dataset produced by the Çatalhöyük Research Project over 25 years, combining a vast array of material categories. For this study, network models are constructed using the individual building as the smallest unit of analysis; houses at Çatalhöyük persist through time as the crucial nexus for the production and reproduction of social reality and they naturally lend themselves to be used as nodes in network models. Links between houses are traced using similarities of material culture which are used as proxies of processes of affiliation, belonging or social co-operation. A series of network metrics and models are used to highlight variation through space and time. My research reveals significant changes through time that suggest a process of community identity formation and material homogenization that appears to develop through the mediation of highly interconnected and central buildings that became prominent in the Middle period of the site's occupation. In addition, spatial proximity is an important organizing principle during the Early and Middle occupation periods, but became less important for shaping the social fabric of the site later on. Over time, socio-material links that cross-cut geographical proximity appear to be increasingly crucial for structuring social bonds at Çatalhöyük. As such, models of social organization that emphasize the role of cross-cutting flexible networks of relations and dependencies between houses seem to better explain the developments observed at Çatalhöyük. Geographic proximity and the location of buildings, however, persist as an important factor. This is noticeable both in the connections that link overlapping buildings throughout the entire chronological sequence and in the clusters of spatially adjacent houses detected both in the Early and Middle periods. A dense array of connections bound the site together while permitting a degree of autonomy and experimentation at different social scales. This nested multilevel social structure allowed for the co-occurrence of different types of affiliated groups and multiple connections at different scales. This is what made the site of Çatalhöyük resilient and sustainable for such a long time.
Archaeologists have adopted the Gini coefficient to evaluate unequal accumulations of material, supporting narratives modelled on modern inequality discourse. Proxies are defined for wealth and the ...household, to render 21st century-style economic tensions perceptible in the past. This 'property paradigm' treats material culture as a generic rather than substantive factor in unequal pasts. We question this framing while suggesting that the Gini coefficient can prompt a deeper exploration of value. Our study grows from multi-material evaluation of inequality at Çatalhöyük, Turkey. Here we use the Gini coefficient to scrutinise distributions of burial practices among houses. To the expectations of the property paradigm, the result is unintuitive - becoming slightly more equal despite rising social complexity. We explore possible explanations for this result, each pointing to a more substantive link between past futures and differentiated lives as a framework for archaeologies of inequality.
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