Emerging adults (~18-28 years of age) have a high prevalence of poor sleeping habits and poor diet quality; however, little is known on whether these poor sleeping habits are associated with dietary ...outcomes in this age group. This study assessed associations between actigraphy-based sleep with energy intake (EI), overall diet quality, and measures of meal timing in emerging adults.
Data on 135 emerging adults (age = 19.4 ± 1.3 years; body mass index (BMI) = 26.5 ± 6.9 kg/m
; 58% female; 65% White) from the RIGHT Track Health project were used. Measures included actigraphy-assessed sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep timing midpoint, day-to-day sleep duration and sleep timing midpoint variability and combined sleep duration and sleep timing behaviors (early-bed/late-rise, early-bed/early-rise, late-bed/late-rise, late-bed/early-rise); EI (three 24-h dietary recalls), diet quality (Healthy Eating Index 2015 total score) and meal timing outcomes (timing of first and last meal intake, total duration, and midpoint of the eating window).
Shorter sleep duration, later sleep timing midpoint and greater sleep efficiency, as well as combined late-bed/late-rise and late-bed/early-rise groups, were associated with lower diet quality. Greater sleep timing midpoint variability was associated with higher EI, and the late-bed/early-rise group had significantly delayed first meal timing.
In emerging adults, shorter sleep duration and later sleep timing are associated with lower overall diet quality, and greater sleep timing variability is associated with higher EI. Future research is needed to examine the role of sleep on diet quality and eating habits to identify potential targets for nutritional interventions in this age group.
Summary
This study assessed associations of actigraphy‐assessed sleep with adiposity and serum cardiometabolic outcomes in emerging adults, and whether sex and race modified these associations. Data ...on 147 emerging adults (age = 19.4 ± 1.3 years; body mass index = 26.4 ± 7.0 kg m−2; 59% female; 65% White) from RIGHT Track Health were used. Actigraphy‐based sleep measures included sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep timing midpoint, day‐to‐day sleep duration and sleep timing midpoint variability. Combined sleep duration and sleep timing behaviours were also derived (early‐bed/late‐rise, early‐bed/early‐rise, late‐bed/late‐rise, late‐bed/early‐rise). Outcomes included body mass index and BodPod‐assessed fat mass index, fasting serum leptin, C‐reactive protein, and homeostatic model assessment‐insulin resistance. Sleep duration was 5.4 h per night. We noted an inverse association between sleep duration and homeostatic model assessment‐insulin resistance. The early‐bed/early‐rise group had greater body mass index, C‐reactive protein and homeostatic model assessment‐insulin resistance compared with the early‐bed/late‐rise group (referent). Sex modified associations of sleep efficiency with C‐reactive protein; stratified results revealed positive association between sleep efficiency and C‐reactive protein in males, but not females. Race modified associations of sleep duration with body mass index and leptin, and of sleep duration variability with C‐reactive protein. Stratified analyses revealed inverse associations between sleep duration with body mass index and leptin in Black, multiracial/other race individuals only. Positive association between sleep duration variability and C‐reactive protein was noted in White individuals only. Shorter sleep duration, particularly when combined with earlier sleep timing, is associated with greater adiposity and serum cardiometabolic outcomes. Additional studies are needed to assess individual‐ and contextual‐level factors that may contribute to sex and race differences in sleep health and cardiometabolic risk in emerging adults.
Consistent findings have reported that FFM is associated with EI. However, conjoint assessments of physiologic (body composition, fasting serum leptin) and behavioral eating behaviors and physical ...activity (PA) correlates of EI during emerging adulthood have not been examined.
We assessed associations between physiologic and behavioral correlates of EI within the context of one another in emerging adults (18–28 years old). We also assessed these associations in a subsample after the removal of probable EI underreporters.
Cross-sectional data from 244 emerging adults (age = 19.6 ± 1.4 y; BMI = 26.4 ± 6.6 kg/m2; 56.6% female) from the RIGHT Track Health study were used. Measures included body composition (BOD POD), eating behaviors (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire), objective and subjective PA (accelerometer-derived total activity counts and Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire), fasting serum leptin, and EI (three 24-hour dietary recalls). Correlates independently associated with EI were entered into a backward stepwise linear regression model. Correlates that met the criteria of P < 0.05 were retained. Analyses were repeated in a subsample after removing probable EI underreporters (n = 48). Effect modification by sex (male and female) and BMI (BMI < 25 kg/m2, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) categories was also assessed.
In the full sample, FFM (β: 18.4; 95% CI: 9.9, 26.8), leptin (β: −84.8; 95% CI: −154.3, −15.4), dietary restraint (β: −35.2; 95% CI: −59.1, −11.3), and subjective PA (β: 2.5; 95% CI: 0.04, 4.9) were significantly associated with EI. After the removal of probable underreporters, only FFM remained significantly associated with EI (β: 43.9; 95% CI: 27.2, 60.6). No evidence of effect modification by sex or BMI categories was noted.
Although physiologic and behavioral correlates were associated with EI in the full sample, only FFM remained a robust correlate of EI in a subsample of emerging adults after removing probable EI underreporters.
This editorial is a commentary on the review paper by Ramirez Varela et al. entitled “Mapping the historical development of physical activity and health research: a structured literature review and ...citation network analysis.” This editorial highlights the significance and implications of this review, with a particular focus on future research and policy directions.
Abstract
Study Objectives
Few studies have examined associations between sleep duration with combined and site-specific cancers within the same cohort. Additionally, no study to date has assessed ...associations between sleep timing midpoint and cancer incidence. Therefore, we aimed to investigate associations between self-reported sleep duration and sleep timing midpoint with combined and site-specific cancer incidence in Alberta’s Tomorrow Project (ATP) cohort.
Methods
The sleep duration analysis included 45,984 Albertans aged 35–69 years recruited from 2001–2015. Sleep timing midpoint (wake-time − ½ sleep duration) was assessed in a subset of ATP participants (n = 19,822). Incident cancer cases were determined through linkage with the Alberta Cancer Registry in June 2017. Cox proportional hazard regression models evaluated the effects of sleep duration and sleep timing midpoint on combined and seven site-specific cancers.
Results
A total of 2,428 and 1,322 incident cancer cases were observed in the sleep duration and sleep timing analyses, respectively. Reporting >9 h of sleep/night versus 7–9 h of sleep/night was associated with an increased incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (hazard ratio HR = 2.14, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.14–4.01; p = 0.02) and hematological (HR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.03–2.82; p = 0.04) cancers. A later sleep timing midpoint (>4 h 8 min) versus an intermediate sleep timing midpoint (3 h 47 min–4 h 8 min) was associated with an increased incidence of combined (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04–1.37; p = 0.01) and breast (HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.09–2.03; p = 0.01) cancers.
Conclusions
Sleep duration and sleep timing may play a role in cancer etiology. Studies including objective sleep assessments are needed to corroborate these findings.
PDF
