Uspješna aplikacija pesticida omogućuje učinkovitu zaštitu bilja, ali i sprečava kontaminaciju okoliša i operatera sredstvima za zaštitu bilja. Preduvjeti uspješne aplikacije pesticida su educirani ...operateri i ispravni strojevi za aplikaciju pesticida (prskalice, orošivači i dr.). Ispravni strojevi za aplikaciju pesticida ispunjavaju uvjete propisane standardom ISO 16122. Korištenje tehnički ispravnih strojeva za aplikaciju pesticida je i zakonska obveza. Strojno pogonjene prskalice i orošivači (bez leđnih prskalica) podliježu obvezi tehničkog pregleda svake tri godine. Za nove strojeve prvi pregled vrijedi pet godina. Pregled prskalica sastoji se od: pripremnih radnji, vizualnog pregleda ispravnosti pojedinih komponenti i mjerenja parametara neophodnih za uspješan rad prskalice.
Successful application of pesticides enables effective plant protection, but also prevents contamination of the environment and operators with plant protection products. Prerequisites for successful pesticide application are trained operators and correct devices for pesticide application (sprayers, mist blowers, etc.). Correct devices for pesticide application meet the conditions prescribed by the ISO 16122 standard. The use of technically correct devices for pesticide application is also a legal obligation. Sprayers (without knapsack sprayers) are subject to a technical inspection every three years. For new devices, the first inspection is valid for five years. Inspection of sprayers consists of: preparatory actions, visual inspection of the correctness of individual components and measurement of parameters necessary for the successful operation of the sprayer.
•Physical, chemical and phytochemical properties were analyzed in four strawberries cultivar.•Interrelationships of investigated parameters and cultivars were visualized by PCA.•Cultivar has a ...greater effect on phytochemical content and physical and chemical properties than harvesting date.•PCA plot indicate specific cultivar properties which are important for their potential commercial or industrial use.
The worldwide established strawberry cultivar ‘Albion’ and three recently introduced cultivars in Europe: ‘Monterey’, ‘Capri’, and ‘Murano’, grown hydroponically, were studied to ascertain the influence of cultivar and harvesting date on the physical, chemical, antioxidant and phytochemical properties of their fruits. Interrelationships of investigated parameters and these cultivars were investigated by the statistical approach of principal component analysis (PCA). Results indicated that cultivar had a more significant effect on the analyzed parameters than harvesting date. Thus grouping of the variables in a PCA plot indicated that each cultivar has specific characteristics important for consumer or industrial use. Cultivar ‘Monterey’ was the richest in phytochemical contents and consequently in antioxidant activity, ‘Albion’ showed the highest contents of total soluble solids, titratable acidity content and ascorbic acid, ‘Capri’ had the highest value of firmness, while ‘Murano’ had lighter color in comparison to others. Potential use of these cultivars has been assessed according to these important measured attributes.
Prior to their application, most pesticide formulations should be mixed with water to form a spray of the required concentration. The efficiency of the active substance in the spray solutions could ...be affected by the quality of the used water, whose composition is related to its source (e.g., rain, river, stream, lake, tap and ground water) and sampling season (spring-autumn). Temperature and pH, as well as other water quality parameters, could significantly affect the pesticide stability in spray by promoting the pesticide degradation rate. This review aims to summarize and discuss degradation data of three widely used organophosphorus insecticides (malathion, diazinon and chlorpyrifos) in different types of water in order to emphasize the influence of different water types on their degradation. This review also reveals a lack of studies that can confirm the effect of other water quality parameters, except temperature and pH, on the stability of pesticides susceptible to hydrolysis.
Upotreba kaolinske gline u uzgoju voća Soldo, Tomislav; Duralija, Boris; Benčić, Đani ...
Glasnik Zaštite Bilja,
06/2022, Letnik:
45, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Proizvodi na bazi kaolinske gline sve više se koriste u proizvodnji voća, a posebice onoj ekološkoj. Posljednjih godina prisutan je trend značajnog smanjenja broja dozvoljenih konvencionalnih ...sredstava za zaštitu bilja od štetnih organizama, što za posljedicu ima i postupni prijelaz s konvencionalne na ekološku proizvodnju voća. U ovom radu prikazane su mogućnosti korištenja proizvoda na bazi kaolinske gline u voćarstvu. Predstavljene su mogućnosti korištenja kaolinske gline u zaštiti od štetnika i bolesti, smanjenju ekološkog stresa uzrokovanog visokim temperaturama, zaštiti od ožegotina, povećanju uroda, poboljšanom obojenju i kvaliteti ploda. Kaolinska glina ima velike mogućnosti za unaprjeđenje voćarske proizvodnje u Republici Hrvatskoj, napose u ekološkoj proizvodnji, gdje zbog svoje široke primjene i učinkovitosti postaje praktički nezaobilazna.
Kaolin clay-based products are increasingly used in fruit growing, especially in organic farming. In recent years, the emphasis has been on a significant reduction in the number of conventional protective measures against diseases and pests. The gradual transition from conventional to organic fruit production is also noticeable. This paper presents the possibilities of using kaolin-clay based products in fruit growing. The possibilities of using kaolin clay to protect against pests and diseases, reduce environmental stress from high temperatures, protect against burns, increase yield, improve color and fruit quality are presented. Kaolin clay has great potential for improving fruit production in the Republic of Croatia, especially in organic farming, where its wide application and efficiency make it practically unavoidable.
Sekundarni metaboliti biljaka imaju važnu ulogu u reakciji biljaka na abiotički i biotički stres. Neke od bioaktivnih komponenti imaju izražena insekticidna svojstva, pa onda govorimo o insekticidnim ...biljkama poput dalmatinskog (Tanacetum cinerariifolium /Trevir./ Sch. Bip.) i kavkaškog buhača (Tanacetum coccineum (Willd.) Grierson) (aktivne komponente - piretrini), duhana (nikotin), neema (azadirahtin) i dr. Botanički insekticidi su uglavnom kraće perzistentnosti, pa su na osnovi njihove kemijske strukture razvijeni stabilniji sintetski insekticidi – piretroidi i neonikotinoidi, S ograničavanjem primjene kemijskih insekticida, botanički insekticidi dobivaju sve značajniju ulogu i u konvencionalnoj zaštiti bilja, ne samo ekološkoj. Posebno su značajni prirodni piretrini. Zbog brze razgradnje imaju kratku karencu što je često nedostatak, ali je i prikladno za zaštitu bilja prije same berbe, što je posebno prikladno kod suzbijanja octene mušice ploda.
Plants’ secondary metabolites have an important role in the plant’s response to abiotic and biotic stress. Some of the bioactive components have pronounced insecticidal properties, so they are called insecticidal plants such as Dalmatian (Tanacetum cinerariifolium /Trevir./ Sch. Bip.) and Caucasian pyrethrum (Tanacetum coccineum (Willd.) Grierson) (active components - pyrethrins), tobacco (nicotine), neem (azadirachtin), etc. Botanical insecticides are generally having shorter persistence. Based on their chemical structures, more stable synthetic insecticides have been developed – pyrethroids and neonicotinoids. With the restrictions in use of chemical insecticides, botanical insecticides are gaining an increasingly significant role in conventional plant protection, not only ecological. Natural pyrethrins are especially important. Due to their quick decomposition, they have a short withdrawal period, which is often a shortcoming, but it is also suitable for protecting plants before harvesting, which is especially suitable for spotted wing drosophila’s control.
Successful application of pesticides enables effective plant protection, but also prevents contamination of the environment and operators with plant protection products. Prerequisites for successful ...pesticide application are trained operators and correct devices for pesticide application (sprayers, mist blowers, etc.). Correct devices for pesticide application meet the conditions prescribed by the ISO 16122 standard. The use of technically correct devices for pesticide application is also a legal obligation. Sprayers (without knapsack sprayers) are subject to a technical inspection every three years. For new devices, the first inspection is valid for five years. Inspection of sprayers consists of: preparatory actions, visual inspection of the correctness of individual components and measurement of parameters necessary for the successful operation of the sprayer.
Biostimuatori su (ne-hranjive) tvari ili mikroorganizmi koji pospješuju procese hranidbe biljaka i doprinose smanjenju posljedica stresa uzrokovanog abiotičkim i biotičkim čimbenicima. Mogu biti ...mikrobni (korisne bakterije i gljive) i nemikrobni (huminske kiseline, aminokiseline, ekstrakti morskih algi, kitozan i anorganski biostimulansi). Različitim mehanizmima djelovanja biostimulatori potiču učinkovitije iskorištavanje hraniva, otpornost biljaka na stres i povoljno djeluju na kvalitativna svojstva biljaka. Uslijed restrikcija u primjeni sredstava za zaštitu bilja i gnojiva, kao dio alternativnih rješenja pojavljuju se biostimulatori.
Biostimulants are (non-nutrient) substances or microorganisms that improve plant nutrition processes and help reduce the effects of stress caused by abiotic and biotic influences. They can be microbial (beneficial bacteria and fungi) and non-microbial (humic acids, amino acids, seaweed extracts, chitosan and inorganic biostimulants). Through their various mechanisms of action, biostimulants enhance the efficiency of nutrient utilization, the stress resistance of plants and have a positive effect on the qualitative characteristics of plants. Due to the limitation of applicable pesticides and fertilizers, biostimulants are also a part of the alternative solutions.
Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht. (wild strawberry) is widely distributed in Southwest China, characterized by stress tolerance and the fruits of a notable peach aroma. So far there is only limited ...knowledge of variability and genetic structure in this species. Using AFLP markers, we investigated the genetic variability of 37 plants of F. nilgerrensis sampled in six main mountain areas of Sichuan Province and analyzed their genetic structure. Genetic similarity according to Nei and Li was used for cluster analysis based on UPGMA method and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering. Stratification of plants into more distinctive genetic groups was determined using Bayesian structure analysis. Six primer combinations produced a total of 1302 fragments of which 818 (62.8%) were polymorphic. Bayesian analysis showed the 37 plants of F. nilgerrensis grouped into five distinctive genetic groups. Most of the plants from the same mountain area clustered into the same genetic group, indicating each area as an area with the unique genetic profile. The genetic parameters analyzed here indicate a huge genetic variability of F. nilgerrensis in Sichuan Province. Our results provide reference data for surveying and protecting the germplasm resources of F. nilgerrensis that could be used in strawberry breeding programs.
Plants’ secondary metabolites have an important role in the plant’s response to abiotic and biotic stress. Some of the bioactive components have pronounced insecticidal properties, so they are called ...insecticidal plants such as Dalmatian (Tanacetum cinerariifolium /Trevir./ Sch. Bip.) and Caucasian pyrethrum (Tanacetum coccineum (Willd.) Grierson) (active components - pyrethrins), tobacco (nicotine), neem (azadirachtin), etc. Botanical insecticides are generally having shorter persistence. Based on their chemical structures, more stable synthetic insecticides have been developed – pyrethroids and neonicotinoids. With the restrictions in use of chemical insecticides, botanical insecticides are gaining an increasingly significant role in conventional plant protection, not only ecological. Natural pyrethrins are especially important. Due to their quick decomposition, they have a short withdrawal period, which is often a shortcoming, but it is also suitable for protecting plants before harvesting, which is especially suitable for spotted wing drosophila’s control.
Porast gradskog stanovništva uz istovremeno smanjenje zelenih površina ima za posljedicu da se od urbanog zelenila traži da ispuni što veći broj funkcija. Osim ukrasne funkcije, od biljnih vrsta se ...traži da što više doprinose uslugama koje pruža urbani ekosustav, pokazuju otpornost na biotički i abiotički stres te imaju minimalni negativni utjecaj na čovjeka i okoliš. Zbog dugog životnog vijeka, podnošenja raznolikih okolišnih uvjeta, pridonošenja kvaliteti zraka i tla u gradu te visoke dekorativnosti, božikovina se može ubrojiti u multifunkcionalne biljne vrste pogodne za oblikovanje zelenih urbanih površina. Osim adaptiranosti na lokalne uvjete, kao hrvatska autohtona vrsta s dugom tradicijom primjene u uređenju interijera, privatnih i javnih zelenih površina, božikovina ujedno odražava karakter i običaje okruženja u kojem se koristi. Potencijalno štetni utjecaj vrste ogleda se u emisiji biogenih hlapivih organskih spojeva, otrovnosti te umjerenoj alergenosti muških primjeraka.
The increase of urban population coupled with the reduced green spaces results in a necessity for urban greenery to fulfill as many functions as possible. Apart from ornamental function, plant species should enhance urban ecosystem services, be resistant to biotic and abiotic stress, and exert minimal negative impact on man and the environment. Due to its long lifespan, the tolerance of various environmental conditions, the contribution to air and soil quality in the city and ornamental properties, holly can be considered multifunctional plant species suitable for urban green areas. In addition to being adapted to local conditions, as a Croatian native species with a long history of use in design of interiors, private and public green spaces, holly also reflects the character and the tradition of the surroundings in which it
is being used. The potentially harmful influence of the species is reflected in the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds, toxicity and moderate allergenicity of male specimens.
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