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•We report geochronological and geochemical data of six granotoids.•Four major magmatic activities occurred during Paleozoic and early Mesozoic.•The Tamky–Phuoc Son ocean crust could ...be bidirectionally subducted during Paleozoic.•Three metallogenic epochs are identified during Paleozoic and early Mesozoic.
Truong Son terrane, one of the most important tectonic and metallogenic terranes in Indochina block, is composed of many volcano–plutonic complexes. Reported here is geochronological and geochemical data obtained from six different volcano–plutonic complexes. The new data reveals that the granite from the Hai Van complex is 438Ma in age, and shows collision-related geochemical characteristics; whereas another five samples from five volcano–plutonic complexes present consistent emplacement and crystallization ages ranging from 261 to 242Ma. Dien Bien granodiorite, Phia Bioc monzogranite and Dong Trau rhyolite display typical subduction-related calc-alkaline affinity (e.g., depletion in Nb–Ta and Ti and enrichment in Rb and La), while monzogranite from Song Ma complex displays collision-related shoshoniteseries and granites from Bengiang-Queson complex are related to post-collision calc-alkaline series. Based on these observations, in combination with the previous published geochronological data, we propose that at least four major stages of magmatic activities occurred during the Paleozoic and the Early Mesozoic through the Truong Son terrane: Ordovician–Silurian (420–470Ma), Late Carboniferous-Early Permian (280–300Ma), Late Permian to Mid-Triassic (245–270Ma) and Middle-Late Triassic (200–245Ma). These magmatic activities are not only attributed to the Tethyan Song Ma ocean southwestward subduction but also related to Paleo Tamky–Phuoc Son oceanic bidirectional subduction. Synthesized with regional metallogenic data, we identified three metallogenic epochs: (1) Late Carboniferous-Early Permian (280–300Ma) arc-magmatic hydrothermal Cu–Au–Fe polymetallic metallogenic system related to the Tamky–Phuoc Son ocean north-dipping subduction; (2) Late Permian-Middle Triassic (245–280Ma) arc-magmatic hydrothermal Cu–Au–Fe and orogenic W–Sn–Au polymetallic metallogenic system, which linked to both Paleo-Tethyan Song Ma ocean south-dipping subduction and Tamky–Phuoc Son ocean closure; (3) Middle to Late Triassic (200–245Ma) syn-collisional magmatic epithermal Fe–Au–W–Sn and post-collisional (or orogenic) Au system.
The presence of sequence divergence through adaptive mutations in the major capsid protein VP1, and also in VP0 (VP4 and VP2) and VP3, of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is relevant to a broad ...range of viral characteristics. To explore the potential role of isolate-specific residues in the VP0 and VP3 coding regions of PanAsia-1 strains in genetic and phenotypic properties of FMDV, a series of recombinant full-length genomic clones were constructed using Cathay topotype infectious cDNA as the original backbone. The deleterious and compensatory effects of individual amino acid substitutions at positions 4008 and 3060 and in several different domains of VP2 illustrated that the chain-based spatial interaction patterns of VP1, VP2, and VP3 (VP1-3), as well as between the internal VP4 and the three external capsid proteins of FMDV, might contribute to the assembly of eventually viable viruses. The Y2079H site-directed mutants dramatically induced a decrease in plaque size on BHK-21 cells and viral pathogenicity in suckling mice. Remarkably, the 2079H-encoding viruses displayed a moderate increase in acid sensitivity correlated with NH
Cl resistance compared to the Y2079-encoding viruses. Interestingly, none of all the 16 rescued viruses were able to infect heparan sulfate-expressing CHO-K1 cells. However, viral infection in BHK-21 cells was facilitated by utilizing non-integrin-dependent, heparin-sensitive receptor(s) and replacements of four uncharged amino acids at position 3174 in VP3 of FMDV had no apparent influence on heparin affinity. These results provide particular insights into the correlation of evolutionary biology with genetic diversity in adapting populations of FMDV.
The sequence variation within the capsid proteins occurs frequently in the infection of susceptible tissue cultures, reflecting the high levels of genetic diversity of FMDV. A systematic study for the functional significance of isolate-specific residues in VP0 and VP3 of FMDV PanAsia-1 strains suggested that the interaction of amino acid side chains between the N terminus of VP4 and several potential domains of VP1-3 had cascading effects on the viability and developmental characteristics of progeny viruses. Y2079H in VP0 of the indicated FMDVs could affect plaque size and pathogenicity, as well as acid sensitivity correlated with NH
Cl resistance, whereas there was no inevitable correlation in viral plaque and acid-sensitive phenotypes. The high affinity of non-integrin-dependent FMDVs for heparin might be explained by the differences in structures of heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the surfaces of different cell lines. These results may contribute to our understanding of the distinct phenotypic properties of FMDV
and
.
Abstract Chewing gum has been reported to enhance bowel function. However, the efficacy remains unclear for women undergoing cesarean delivery. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the ...efficacy of chewing gum for recovering intestinal function following cesarean delivery in the early postoperative period. Electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library were searched to identify English language randomized controlled trials comparing chewing gum with other procedures for promoting the recovery of intestinal function after cesarean delivery. Two of the authors independently extracted data from the eligibility studies, and Review Manager Version 5.2 was used to pool the data. Finally, five randomized controlled trials involving 882 patients were included and all the trials were considered as at high risk of bias. The pooled findings showed that chewing gum after cesarean delivery can significantly shorten the time to first flatus standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1.01 to −0.14; p < 0.001; time to first hearing of normal intestinal sounds (SMD = −0.69; 95% CI = −1.20 to −0.17; p = 0.009; I² = 92%). Time to the first defecation (SMD = −0.53; 95% CI = −1.61 to −0.07; p = 0.07; I² = 92%) and length of hospital stay (SMD = −0.59; 95% CI = −1.18 to 0.00; p = 0.05; I² = 93%) were also reduced in the chewing gum group; however, these results were not statistically significant. The current evidence suggests that chewing gum has a positive effect on intestinal function recovery following cesarean delivery in the early postoperative period. However, more large-scale and high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.
Somatic embryogenesis （SE） is one of the most important steps during regeneration of cotton, but the molecular mechanism of SE remains unclear. SOMATIC EMBRYOGENSIS RECEPTOR KINASE （SERK） gene is ...known to function in SE. A homolog GhSERK2 （accession number： JF430801） was cloned from Upland cotton and characterized for its functions in SE. GhSERK2 expressed in different tissues and showed higher expression level in floral organs than vegetative ones with the highest levels in ovule and anther. GhSERK2 expressed during SE with a high level at globular embryos stage. Upon treatment with indole-3-butytic acid （IBA）, the transcription level of GhSERK2 was induced and promoted SE subsequently. A 2-day treatment of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D） induced the expression of GhSERK2, but treatments of 2,4-D for longer periods sharply inhibited the GhSERK2 transcription level of embryogenic callus （EC）. The levels of hormones, including 3-indoleacetic acid （IAA）, abscisic acid （ABA）, and brassinosteroid （BR）, were increased in the initial calli induced from the over-expression of GhSERK2 cotton. Our results indicated that GhSERK2 expression was associated with induction of SE and closely related to hormone levels during tissue culture in Upland cotton, and the gene might play an important role in regeneration of cotton.
A taxonomic study was performed on strain SYSU D3-2T, isolated from coastal seawater near the estuary of Pearl River in southern China. The strain was observed to be Gram-reaction-negative, ...non-motile and non-spore-forming. Cells were found to be of coccobacilli shape. Chemotaxonomic analysis of the plasma membrane revealed ubiquinone-8 as the respiratory quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified phospholipid as the polar lipids, and anteiso-C15 : 0, C18 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as the major fatty acids (>10 % of total fatty acids). Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SYSU D3-2T shared maximum similarities with Caedibacter taeniospiralis 51T (92.3 %) and Fangia hongkongensis UST040201-002T (90.6 %), while sharing 85.8-90.0 % similarity with species of the genera Allofrancisella and Francisella. Phylogenetic dendrograms based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain clustered within the family Francisellaceae, but formed a separate lineage closely linked to Caedibactertaeniospiralis 51T and F. hongkongensis UST040201-002T. Based on the findings of the polyphasic taxonomic study, strain SYSU D3-2T is proposed to be recognized as a representative of a novel species of a new genus within the order Thiotrichales, with the name Cysteiniphilum litorale gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is SYSU D3-2T (=NBRC 112441T=DSM 101832T=KCTC 52386T=CGMCC 1.15758T).
Discovery of novel antibacterial agents with new structural scaffolds that combat drug-resistant pathogens is an urgent task. Cajaninstilbene acid, which is isolated from pigeonpea leaves, has shown ...antibacterial activity. In this study, a series of cajaninstilbene acid derivatives were designed and synthesized. The antibacterial activities of these compounds against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as nine strains of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria are evaluated，and the related structure-activity relationships are discussed. Assays suggest that some of the synthetic cajaninstilbene acid derivatives exhibit potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacterial strains and MRSA. Among these compounds, 5b, 5c, 5j and 5k show better antibacterial activity than the positive control compounds. The results of MTT assays illustrate the low cytotoxicity of the active compounds.
A series of cajaninstilbene acid derivatives were designed and synthesized, meanwhile, their antibacterial activities were evaluated. Compounds 5j and 5k showed potent antibacterial activities against gram-positive bacterial strains and MRSA. Display omitted
•A series of cajaninstilbene acid (CSA) derivatives were synthesized.•Several CSA derivatives were found to show potent antibacterial activities.•Good selective index were observed for the active compounds.•Structure-activity relationships of CSA derivatives were summarized.
Based on the mechanical structure of a Delta manipulator with three degrees of freedom, the kinematic characteristics of the parallel manipulator were analyzed, and the vector relation between the ...static and moving platforms was given. The inverse kinematic function of the three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF)parallel manipulator was deduced by the vector equation. The simulated forward kinematic solution in the moving platform was carried out by Pro/E modeling software and virtual prototype simulation software ADAMS, which is proved simple. These research contents provide a valuable reference for the adjustment and operation of 3-DOF Delta manipulator prototypes with respect to its dynamic performance, motion track planning, mechanical structure, system control, etc.
Background
Several studies have been performed to assess the relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, inconsistent results have been obtained. ...Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to address this knowledge gap.
Methods
We searched PubMed, Cochrane library, and EMBASE database for studies that evaluated the relationship between blood homocysteine (HCY) level and T2DM from inception to Jun 2019. The quality of all included studies was assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research Quality (AHRQ). RevMan5.3 and Stata12.0 were used for data analyses.
Results
Twenty-five studies (including 1881 cases and 2868 controls) on blood HCY level in T2DM were pooled in our meta-analysis. The blood HCY level in the T2DM patients was significantly higher than in the healthy individuals (SMD = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43–0.84, and
p
< 0.001,
I
2
= 89%,
p
< 0.001), ignores the effects of age, sex, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease conditions, and other comorbidity. Additionally, in T2DM patients with nephropathy or retinopathy, blood HCY level was also significantly higher than in those with only T2DM (SMD = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.76–1.58,
p
< 0.001;
I
2
= 90%,
p
< 0.001 and SMD = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.39–1.44,
p <
0.001;
I
2
= 82%,
p <
0.001, respectively).
Conclusion
Our meta-analysis revealed the HCY level in the blood of T2DM patients was significantly higher than those of the health subjects, especially in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR).
Zircon megacrysts found in basalts may provide a window into metasomatic processes and element transport in the upper mantle. However, little is known about the formation conditions of these zircons. ...Here we report U-Pb ages, Hf-O isotope compositions, trace element data, and mineral inclusion analyses for six large fragments of zircon megacrysts from the Gem village in northeastern Cambodia. The zircons have low contents of U, Th, Y, P, and rare earth elements (REEs; 130–288 ppm). The normalized REE pattern is characterized by a steeply rising slope from light REEs to heavy REEs and positive Ce anomalies. Secondary ion mass spectrometer isotopic analyses on the zircon megacrysts yield a mean U-Pb age of 0.98 ± 0.04 Ma (2σ) and homogeneous oxygen isotopic composition with a mean δ18O value of 5.0‰ ± 0.18‰ (2σ), identical to the δ18O mantle value. The 176Hf/177Hf values range from 0.282970 ± 0.000024 (2σ) to 0.283040 ± 0.000016 (2σ), with εHf (0.98 Ma) values of 6.6–9.0, obtained by the laser ablation–multicollector–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique, further points to the origin of the grains in the depleted mantle. The zircon megacrysts contain apatite inclusions and a reaction rim composed of baddeleyite and Al-Fe-Zr-silicate glass. This leads us to conclude that mantle zircon crystallized during a metasomatic event from phosphate-rich fluids and/or silicate melts enriched in zirconium.
{Figure 1} Then, the patient was admitted to our hospital with high-grade fever, significant short of breath, sputum production, conjunctival hemorrhage, purpura, yellow discoloration of the skin and ...sclera, tachycardia, and edema on the extremities. The clinical presentation of pulmonary nocardiosis is variable and nonspecific. ...the chest radiologic manifestation can also be variable. Consolidations and large irregular nodules, often with cavity formation, are most common; nodules, masses, and interstitial patterns also occur. Since the clinical and radiologic manifestations are nonspecific, and the microbiological diagnosis is often difficult, pulmonary nocardiosis can be mistaken for other infections in some patients, such as tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, or malignancies.
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