To investigate damaging mechanisms of chilling and salt stress to peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) leaves, LuHua 14 was used in the present work upon exposure to chilling temperature (4°C) accompanied by ...high irradiance (1,200 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) (CH), salt stress accompanied by high irradiance (1,200 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) (SH), and high-irradiance stress (1,200 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) at room temperature (25°C) (NH), respectively. Additionally, plants under low irradiance (100 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) at room temperature (25°C) were used as control plants (CK). Relative to CK and NH treatments, both the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and the absorbance at 820 nm decreased greatly in peanut leaves under CH and SH stress, which indicated that severe photoinhibition occurred in peanut leaves under such conditions. Initial fluorescence (Fo), 1 − qP and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) in peanut leaves significantly increased under CH- and SH stress. Additionally, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), one of the key enzymes of water-water cycle, decreased greatly, the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and membrane permeability increased. These results suggested that damages to peanut photosystems might be related to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by excess energy, and the water-water cycle could not dissipate energy efficiently under the stress of CH and SH, which caused the accumulation of ROS greatly. CH and SH had similar damaging effects on peanut photosystems, except that CH has more severe effects. All the results showed that CH- and SH stress has similar damaging site and mechanisms in peanut leaves.
ABSTRACT
In our work, we analyse 5 × 104 single pulses from the recycled pulsar PSR J2222−0137 in one of its scintillation maxima observed by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope ...(FAST). PSR J2222−0137 is one of the nearest and best studies of binary pulsars and a unique laboratory for testing gravitational theories. We report single pulses’ energy distribution and polarization from the pulsar’s main-pulse region. The single-pulse energy follows the lognormal distribution. We resolve a steep polarization swing, but at the current time resolution ($64\ \mu {\rm s}$), we find no evidence for the orthogonal jump in the main-pulse region, as has been suspected. We find a potential sub-pulse drifting period of $P_{3} \sim 3.5 P$. We analyse the jitter noise from different integrated numbers of pulses and find that its σj is $270\pm {9}\ {\rm ns}$ for 1-h integration at 1.25 GHz. This result is useful for optimizing future timing campaigns with FAST or other radio telescopes.
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) reduces the quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the economic value of the grain. Our previous studies characterized the haplotypes of Viviparous-1B (Vp-1B) and its ...association with PHS resistance in Chinese wheats. The objective of this study was to analyze the haplotypes of Viviparous-1A (Vp-1A) and Viviparous-1D (Vp-1D) in a collection of 103 widely-grown winter wheats in China, and their associations with PHS resistance. In total, 17 Vp-1A haplotypes were explored on chromosome 3A of bread wheat, and were located in three major regions, the third intron, fifth intron and sixth exon, and designated TaVp-1Aam, TaVp-1Aan, TaVp-1Aao, TaVp-1Abm, TaVp-1Abn, TaVp-1Agm, TaVp-1Ahm, TaVp-1Ahn, TaVp-1Aho, TaVp-1Aim, TaVp-1Ain, TaVp-1Aio, TaVp-1Ajm, TaVp-1Ajn, TaVp-1Akm, TaVp-1Alm and TaVp-1Aln, respectively. However, no allelic variation of Vp-1D was found in this set of germplasm. Based on the haplotypes explored and their average germination index values, a novel co-dominant sequence-tagged site marker of the TaVp-1A gene was developed and designated Vp1A3. In most cases, haplotype TaVp-1Agm was associated with higher resistance to PHS. By combining with our previously exploited Vp1B3 marker, the efficiency of marker-assisted selection for PHS-resistant varieties was improved. Moreover, while the haplotype combination of TaVp-1Aam and TaVp-1Ba was associated with greater PHS susceptibility, the haplotype combinations TaVp-1Agm and TaVp-1Bb, TaVp-1Agm and TaVp-1Ba, TaVp-1Aim and TaVp-1Bb, and TaVp-1Aam and TaVp-1Bb could confer higher PHS resistance and be used as potential parental lines for molecular marker-assisted wheat breeding for PHS resistance.
SUMMARY
To study the influence of the number of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) on survival and International Union Against Cancer tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) classification for esophageal carcinoma. ...The clinicopathological data on 1146 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who had undergone an esophagectomy were retrospectively studied. Survival was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method. By subclassifying the nodes (N) category according to the number of metastatic LNs as: N0 for no LN metastases; N1(1) for only one positive node; and N1(2) for ≥2 positive nodes. TNM staging was refined as stage IIa (T2‐3N0M0), stage IIb (T1N1M0 and T2N1(1)M0), stage IIIa (T2N1(2)M0 and T3N1(1)M0), and stage IIIb (T3N1(2)M0 and T4NanyM0), and the survival was analyzed. LN metastases was found in 380 of 1146 (33.2%) treated esophageal cancer patients. In 4270 LNs harvested, metastases was detected in 807 (18.9%). The 5‐year survival rates of the patients with 0, 1, and ≥2 positive nodes were 59.8, 33.4, and 9.4%, respectively. There was statistically significant difference among these three groups. The 5‐year survival of the patients in stages T2N1M0 and T3N1M0 was significantly higher in the N1(1) group than in the N1(2) group (41.5 vs 24.1%, and 31.2 vs 6.8%, P < 0.001). The 5‐year survival rates of the patients in refined stage IIa, IIb, IIIa, and IIIb were 57.1, 42.2, 28.6, and 8.5%, with significant difference existing in each stage groups. The number of positive LNs significantly influenced survival of the patients with esophageal cancer. Three grade classification (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) could quite well demonstrate the effect of the number of LN metastases and the survival. The refined TNM classification based on the number of LN metastases could better reflect the prognosis of esophageal cancer. Our results offer a strong rationale for refining the International Union Against Cancer TNM classification for esophageal carcinoma.
To attain the goal of cost minimization, a vehicle routing model for cargo transport O2O platforms were established in this study. In consideration of differences in vehicle origin in the traditional ...vehicle routing problem as well as the one-to-one corresponding relationship between cargo owners' pickup and delivery points, constraint conditions such as half-open, multiple depot, multiple vehicle type, origin–destination pair, loading limit, and soft time window constraints were introduced into the proposed model. Given the model characteristics, an improved genetic algorithm, which is commonly used in vehicle routing problem, was used as the solving tool. The nearest matching method currently used by cargo transport O2O platforms was simulated using the simulation software AnyLogic. Moreover, vehicle–cargo orders on a platform within a certain time period were selected and allocated, and a matching scheme was obtained. Then, the optimized matching scheme for the same order was calculated using the improved genetic algorithm. Results show the comprehensive cost obtained by the improved genetic algorithm is 21.14 % lower than that of obtained by the nearest matching method. 18 refs.
To investigate the expression of Long non-coding RNA ADIPOQ and its facilitating effects on proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer by modulating the expression of TP53 via sponging with ...miR-219c-3p.
qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expressions of ADIPOQ and TP53 in human colorectal cancer tissues and cells. CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate the Caco-2 cells proliferation and transwell assay was performed to evaluate the Caco-2 cells migration. The relationship between ADIPOQ and miR-219c-3p was detected by statistical analysis. Target prediction and Luciferase activity assay were conducted to investigate the binding site and interaction between ADIPOQ and miR-219c-3p. Further, we cloned the mice TP53 3'-UTR into the Luciferase reporter vector and constructed miR-219c-3p binding mutants to verify the inhibited regulation of miR-219c-3p to the TP53 expression.
The results suggested that the expression of ADIPOQ and TP53 was downregulated in human colorectal cancer tissues and Caco-2 cells. qRT-PCR and CCK-8 assay showed that ADIPOQ expression is correlated with the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Transwell assay showed that ADIPOQ regulated the migration ability of colorectal cancer cells. The bioinformatics prediction and Luciferase assay demonstrated that ADIPOQ serves as ceRNA for miR-219c-3p to further regulate the expression of TP53.
For the first time, we found that lncRNA-ADIPOQ was downregulated in human colorectal cancer cells, which could facilitate tumor proliferation, migration and invasion as a ceRNA by sponging with miR-219c-3p.
The long-term development of the city benefits from the creation of space vitality, and the vitality of waterfront space is an important factor that constitutes the city's characteristic landscape. ...This paper uses mobile phone signaling data to measure the development trend of waterfront space from the perspective of crowd vitality through nuclear density analysis, paired sample test, and OD matrix analysis. In addition, the influencing factors of waterfront space development differences are measured by Geographic Weighted Analysis (GWR), so as to provide scientific theoretical basis for the layout of waterfront space construction in new cities. The study found that the construction of the waterfront space of the Qijiang River shows the trend of waterback development. The vitality of the waterfront space at different moments shows that the waterback trend of the waterfront space is more obvious during the day. And the main influence mechanism of the vitality of the waterfront space shows that the vitality of the waterfront space has a great correlation with the public service and commercial land, green space, residential land, the diversity of public facilities, the number of residents and the density of the road. Therefore, it is necessary to put forward the development strategy of waterfront space to optimize the regional development.
Summary
What is known and objective
Numerous population pharmacokinetic studies of theophylline have been conducted in paediatric and adult patients. The purpose of this review was to summarize the ...published studies concerning population pharmacokinetics of theophylline in patients of different ages and discuss factors that might cause the large variability in the pharmacokinetics of theophylline.
Methods
A literature search was conducted in PubMed using the following keywords: ‘theophylline’, ‘population pharmacokinetic(s)’ and ‘nonlinear mixed effect model’. Additionally, the relevant references listed in the retrieved articles were manually reviewed. All of the studies that reported the population pharmacokinetics of theophylline in humans were included in this review. However, articles were excluded if they were not written in English.
Results and discussion
Sixteen articles were included in this review. Among them, 11 were conducted on paediatric patients, and five were conducted on adults. A one‐compartment model with first‐order elimination was employed in most of the included articles. A nonlinear mixed effect modelling approach (NONMEM) was the most commonly used software to develop a population pharmacokinetic model. Body weight and age (post‐conceptional age and post‐natal age) were the most important factors associated with the clearance (CL) of theophylline in paediatric patients. Body weight (ideal body weight and lean body mass), age and smoking status were most frequently used to estimate the CL of theophylline in adults. The median (range) estimate values of CL for paediatric and adult patients were 0·062 (0·0056–0·0949) L/h/kg and 0·053 (0·0493–0·0517) L/h/kg, respectively. The median values of the interindividual variability of CL were 33·5% in adults and 25·8% in paediatric patients. The mean values of the residual variability were 21% in paediatric patients and 14·3% in adults.
What is new and conclusion
This review concludes that body weight and age were the most important factors associated with the clearance of theophylline in paediatric patients. Body weight, age and smoking were most frequently used to estimate the clearance of theophylline in adults. Future studies are warranted to detect the influence of new factors, such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 gene polymorphisms, on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline because some pharmacokinetic variability was not fully explained.
Population pharmacokinetic characteristics of theophylline in infants, children and adults were reviewed respectively in this study. The result of this review showed that age and body weight were the most important factors affecting the clearance of theophylline in paediatric patients. Smoking, body weight and age were most frequently used to estimate the clearance of theophylline in adults.
A new alkaloid, angustifoline A (
1
), was isolated from the rhizome of
Epilobium angustifolium
L. (Onagraceae). Its structure, including the absolute configurations, were determined by extensive ...spectroscopic analysis and quantum-chemical calculations.
Free gossypol residues in tissues or milk from feeding whole cottonseed and cottonseed meal were measured for their effect on health of dairy cows and humans. Forty lactating cows were randomly ...assigned to 5 treatments in a 60-d experiment to investigate the effects of sources and dietary level of gossypol on plasma and milk gossypol concentrations in lactating cows. Five experimental diets had identical net energy for lactation and crude protein content on a dry matter (DM) basis. Soybean meal was the main protein ingredient used in the control diet. Cottonseed meal (CSM) or whole cottonseed (WCS) substituted for part of the soybean meal in the other 4 diets. Gossypol levels in the 5 diets were 0 (control), 91.15mg/kg of DM in CSM1, 117.31mg/kg of DM in CSM2, 385.43mg/kg of DM in WCS1, and 611.13mg/kg in WCS2. Yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk were significantly higher for cows in the WCS2 group; cows in the CSM1 and WCS1 groups showed no differences but both were numerically higher than the control and CSM2 groups. Milk protein concentration was lower for cows consuming WCS1 compared with the control group. Lactose concentration was lower for cows in the CSM2 group compared with the WCS2 group, but no differences were observed among other diets. Aspartate aminotransferase in serum was significantly higher for the WCS2 group compared with the control and WCS1 groups, but no difference was observed with the CSM1 and CSM2 groups. Concentrations of gossypol in plasma and milk of cows in the WCS1 and WCS2 groups were both higher than those of the other groups. No adverse effects were observed on cows fed diets containing 12.0% CSM, and no gossypol was found in plasma and milk. When WCS comprised 15% of the diet DM, yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk were increased in cows and gossypol was detected in plasma and milk but not at harmful levels.
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