We investigate public–private pay determination using French, British and Italian microdata. While traditional methods focus on parametric methods to estimate the public sector pay gap, in this ...paper, we use both non‐parametric (kernel) and quantile regression methods to analyze the distribution of wages across sectors. We show that the public–private (hourly) wage differential is sensitive to the choice of quantile and that the pattern of premia varies with both gender and skill. In all countries the public sector is found to pay more to low skilled workers with respect to the private sector, whilst the reverse is true for high skilled workers. When comparing results across countries, we find that where pay formation is more regulated (i.e. as in France and Italy) the public sector pay gap is smaller; whilst where market factors play a larger role in pay determination (i.e. as in Great Britain) the public sector pay gap is larger—particularly in the lower part of the wage distribution—and females are much better off in the public sector as compared to the private sector.
It is more difficult for migrants than natives to find a job in their host country, so many of them have to accept, at least temporarily, a job that is below their level of qualification. This ...represents a waste of human capital for society and can undermine social cohesion. Relying on social relationships might help them to bypass some of the obstacles that prevent them from finding a job that matches their skillset. We focus on migrants who arrived in France before the age of 18 years, who were educated entirely or partially in France. We use the rich French Trajectories and Origins dataset for 2009 to study the impact of personal contacts on the quality of the current employment. We measure the job quality using an indicator based on the educational requirement for a given occupation. To address the endogeneity between our dependent variable (holding a suitable job or not) and the variable of interest (employment found through a personal contact or not), we use the variable 'sibling(s) in France' as an instrument: this variable influences an individual's probability of finding a job through contacts but does not influence directly the quality of the employment. Our results indicate that for these migrants, finding a job through personal contacts strongly and positively impacts the occupational status attained: it raises both women's and men's probability of holding a suitable job by more than 0.40 points.
•We use a 12-year panel of confidential administrative data from a firm representative of large French companies to study the parenthood pay gap in the workplace.•We provide a detailed empirical ...characterization of the difference between parents’ and non-parents’ career trajectories.•We show that the motherhood gap in promotions is the main source of the motherhood penalty in the workplace.•We find suggestive evidence that firms’ policies on child-related leaves, if not gender neutral, can exacerbate the motherhood pay gap.
We study the earnings and career profiles of employees who experience the birth of the first child, as compared to their childless co-workers. Using a difference-in-differences approach and a unique 12-year panel of personnel records from a large French company, we find that the arrival of a child creates a persistent penalty in earnings for mothers. The gap in internal promotions, both at the extensive and intensive margin, accounts for the vast majority of the motherhood penalty within the firm. We believe that firm-level policies on child-related leaves, if not gender-neutral, can exacerbate the motherhood penalty.
•We analyse recruitment and subsequent trainee scores (a proxy for on-the-job performance) in a French public sector hiring process.•Women outperform men on the job despite identical results in the ...recruitment exam.•The competitive civil service recruitment exams seem procedurally fair towards women or even to favour them slightly in the job interview.•However, an essay exam on common culture among the recruitment exams, with little connection to job performance, explains this finding, because men outperform women on this exam.•In this sense, the recruitment exam exhibits (unintentional) systemic discrimination against women through the design of the recruitment process.
Criteria used in hiring workers often do not reflect the skills required on the job. By comparing trainee performance for newly hired workers conditional on competitive civil service examination scores for hiring French public sector workers, we test whether women and men with the same civil service examination score exhibit similar performance in a job-related trainee programme. Both the civil service examination and trainee scores contain anonymous and non-anonymous components that we observe separately. We find that by the end of the trainee programme (first year of employment), women are outperforming men on both anonymous written and non-anonymous oral evaluations, a finding that holds both conditionally and unconditionally for the civil service examination results. According to further analysis, however, it is the anonymously graded “essay on common culture” civil service examination that, unlike the other CSE components, disadvantages women in this particular context.
Population Meurs, Dominique
Population (France),
01/2016, Letnik:
71, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
At several points Stiglitz returns to the US housing loan crisis (average Americans taking out loans well above their ability to repay) that triggered the worldwide recession in 2008, to the banks' ...responsibility and the responsibility of liberal dogma and the monetary authorities in this chain of events. The market is not self-regulating so it is up to the state to intervene through progressive taxation, put a stop to multinational corporate tax evasion, combat rent-seeking, regulate the financial markets and provide public goods to all, the first of which is education. ...as Stiglitz explains, economic segregation, which goes hand in hand with rising inequality, means that the super-rich are free to live exclusively with their own kind, buy up fundamental public goods (health, education, security), manipulate governmental decisionmaking, and ultimately escape the economic consequences of their selfishness. Reprinted by permission of Éditions de l'Institut national d'études démographiques
We study the earnings and career profiles of employees who experience the birth of thefirst child, as compared to their childless co-workers. Using a difference-in-differencesapproach and a ...unique12-year panel of personnel records from a large French company, we find that the arrival of a child creates a persistent penalty in earnings for mothers. The gap in internal promotions, both at the extensive and intensive margin, accounts for thevast majority of the motherhood penalty within the firm. We believe that firm-level policieson child-related leaves, if not gender neutral, can exacerbate the motherhood penalty.
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