Animals have the ability to respond to differences in environment, which can be called phenotypic plasticity or environment sensitivity. Robust animal, that show little variability across ...environments, are less sensitive. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate genotype by environment interaction for backfat thickness using reaction norm. Random regression model have become common for analyzing data on individuals over time. Reaction norms were predicted for 239 sires. Results show how sires differ across environments for backfat thickness.
Izhodišča: Na podlagi prehranske obravnave in postavljene diagnoze motnja prehranjenosti ali s prehranjenostjo povezane motnje lahko oblikujemo posamezniku prilagojeni načrt prehranskih ukrepov. Ta ...je nujen, da vzdržujemo ali izboljšamo posameznikovo prehranjenost, pripravijo in izvajajo pa ga bolnik, njegovi bližnji in večstrokovna skupina, ki deluje v okviru različnih organizacijskih oblik ukvarjanja s klinično prehrano. Metode: Skupina 42 slovenskih strokovnjakov iz 19 slovenskih zdravstvenih ustanov je oblikovala eksplicitni terminološki dogovor. Osnovnim pojmom s področja prehranske oskrbe in organizacijskih oblik klinične prehrane smo določili slovenski termin in ustrezno terminološko definicijo, pri čemer smo izhajali tako iz strokovne literature področja kot iz jezikoslovne literature. Temelj oblikovanja terminologije so terminološke smernice Evropskega združenja za klinično prehrano in presnovo. Rezultati: V prispevku predstavljamo slovenske termine in terminološke definicije načrta prehranskih ukrepov, prehranske podpore in prehranske terapije. Opredelili smo tudi prehransko okolje, diete, paliativno prehrano in oblike hrane ter hranjenja v klinični prehrani. Opisali smo tudi možnosti za organizacijo prehranske oskrbe v zdravstvenih in negovalnih ustanovah. Zaključek: Poenoteno razumevanje osnovnih pojmov s področja prehranske terapije, prehranske podpore in organizacijskih oblik klinične prehrane je nujno za uspešno sporazumevanje med strokovnjaki, poenoteno poučevanje in razvoj ter vključitev organizacijskih oblik klinične prehrane v zdravstveni sistem.
The aim of the study was to estimate the contribution of group to phenotypic variance of daily gain on different intervals. The focus was on data structure and differences of variance components ...estimated with and without effect of the social group. Growth of 806 boars from 443 litters was obtained during the field test in nucleus herd of Pietrain breed. A group was defined as pen mates. Most frequently, the group was formed from 6 and 7 boars. Data sets were prepared with SAS Software, variance components were estimated using VCE-6. The results showed the significant contribution of the group to phenotypic variance of daily gain. Inclusion of the effect of social group reflected in lower heritability and the smaller contribution of common litter environment. Further analysis revealed different contributions of components to phenotypic variance of growth rate on different intervals. The proportion of variation caused by common litter environment was larger on the interval from ±32.0 kg to ±48.8 kg of body weight (22%), compared to interval from ±39.6 kg to ±104.1 kg, explaining 1% of phenotypic variation, that could be the consequence of less defined pretest environment. The social group explained 6% of phenotypic variance for daily gain on interval from ±39.6 kg to ±104.1 kg of body weight, however, the contribution was larger on the interval from ±32.0 kg to ±48.8 kg (23%). The results confirmed the group as an environmental component, causing more variation in daily gain shortly after group formation (±32.0 kg), when a hierarchy is established, and later after its set, the contribution decreases
•This was the first study to focus on the risk for malnutrition in a general population (family practice non-attenders, living at home).•One in 10 community-living family practice non-attenders had ...an increased risk for malnutrition.•A screening program at the primary health level can aid in performing early identification of patients at risk for malnutrition.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and the factors associated with malnutrition in a population of family practice non-attenders. This would enable us to recognize the extent of the problem and anticipate the measures needed to improve the current situation.
This was a cross-sectional observational study in a family medicine setting. Participants were adults living in the community (≥18 y of age) who had not visited their chosen family physician in the previous 5 y (non-attenders) and who were able to participate in the study. Through the electronic system, we identified 2025 non-attenders. Data were collected by community nurses in the participants’ homes. The main outcome measure was the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool.
The sample consisted of 1641 participants (81% response rate). Increased risk for malnutrition was determined in 216 participants (13.2%; 95% confidence interval, 11.6–14.9). The multivariate model showed a significant association of increased risk for malnutrition with age and body mass index interaction (P = 0.022); number of chronic diseases (P = 0.001); poor assessment of current health (P = 0.001); a feelings of loneliness (P <0.001); and increased pain intensity (P = 0.003).
A screening program at the primary health care level could help identify patients at risk for malnutrition early. This could be followed by appropriate nutrition support, which may help to reverse or halt the malnutrition trajectory and the negative outcomes associated with poor nutritional status.
Izhodišča: Pomembno vlogo pri prehranski obravnavi imata tako presejanje prehranske ogroženosti kot prehranski pregled, na podlagi katerega lahko postavimo diagnozo motnje prehranjenosti ali s ...prehranjenostjo povezane motnje. Ocena posameznikovega prehranskega stanja, ki jo pridobimo s prehransko obravnavo, je namreč ključna za načrtovanje učinkovite prehranske oskrbe. Za razvoj področja je pomembno, da so vsi termini, ki se uporabljajo pri kliničnem delu, usklajeni. Taki terminološki dokumenti v mednarodnem prostoru že obstajajo, smiselni pa so tudi za slovenščino in naše okolje.
Metode: Prispevek temelji na eksplicitnem terminološkem dogovoru skupine 42 relevantnih slovenskih strokovnjakov iz 19 slovenskih ustanov. Osnova oblikovanja terminoloških smernic je terminološki dokument Evropskega združenja za klinično prehrano in presnovo, pri čemer so bili upoštevani tudi novejši izsledki klinične prehrane.
Rezultati: Predstavljeni so slovenski termini in terminološke definicije s področja klinične prehrane. Opredeljeni so osnovni pojmi s področja prehranske obravnave, ki je praviloma del medicinske obravnave. Predstavljena sta pojma prehranska ogroženost in presejanje prehranske ogroženosti, ob čemer so navedeni tudi različni presejalni testi za presejanje prehranskih motenj in s prehranjenostjo povezanih stanj. Podrobno so opredeljeni tudi prehranski pregled in njegovi sestavni deli.
Zaključki: Tako presejanje prehranske ogroženosti kot prehranski pregled sta bistvena za diagnostično obravnavo v okviru klinične prehrane, poenoteno razumevanje terminologije pa omogoča primerno prepoznavo patoloških stanj pri bolnikih in pripravo ustreznega načrta prehranskih ukrepov.
Izhodišča: Prehransko stanje posameznika uvrščamo med ključne dejavnike njegovega zdravja. Za učinkovito individualno in multidisciplinarno obravnavo stanj, povezanih s prehranskim stanjem ...posameznika, moramo dobro poznati terminologijo klinične prehrane. Ker je klinična prehrana kot medicinska stroka razvita tudi pri nas, v tujini pa so tovrstni terminološki dokumenti že na voljo, želimo tudi v Sloveniji na podlagi konsenza oblikovati enotno terminologijo.
Metode: Prispevek je osnovan na podlagi eksplicitnega terminološkega dogovora. K sodelovanju smo povabili obsežno skupino relevantnih slovenskih strokovnjakov s kliničnih, predkliničnih in drugih področij, ki so povezana z dejavnostjo klinične prehrane v medicini, pri oblikovanju pa je sodeloval tudi terminolog s področja medicine. Kot izhodišče smo izbrali terminološke smernice Evropskega združenja za klinično prehrano in presnovo ter ob njih upoštevali najnovejša strokovna priporočila za posamezne pojme. Avtorji so bili v stiku prek osebnih srečanj in elektronske pošte. Pri končnem oblikovanju konsenza je sodelovalo 42 avtorjev iz 19 slovenskih ustanov.
Rezultati: Predstavljamo temeljne pojme, terminološke definicije in pripadajoče slovenske termine s področja klinične prehrane. Opredelili smo osnovne motnje prehranjenosti – podhranjenost, prekomerno hranjenost, neravnovesje mikrohranil in sindrom ponovnega hranjenja. Poleg tega smo opredelili tudi s prehranjenostjo povezana stanja – sarkopenijo in krhkost. Osnovne pojme smo podprli s kliničnim kontekstom, v katerem nastopajo.
Zaključki: Poenoteno razumevanje osnovnih patoloških stanj, ki jih obravnava klinična prehrana, je izhodišče za nadaljnji razvoj stroke, poleg tega pa je podlaga tudi za prehransko obravnavo in učinkovito prehransko oskrbo.
The aim of this work was to infer PrP genotype probabilities and derived statistics in sheep to provide additional information for selection against susceptibility to classical scrapie. The method ...was demonstrated with data from Jezersko–Solcava sheep breed. Pedigree data consisted of 10429 animals of which 3669 animals had known PrP genotype and 2673 were alive and not genotyped. Five PrP alleles were present with the following frequencies:
ARR 0.174,
AHQ 0.074,
ARH 0.083,
ARQ 0.632, and
VRQ 0.037. Iterative allelic peeling with incomplete penetrance model as implemented in the GenoProb program was used to infer genotype probabilities. There were only some additional identifications of PrP genotype and NSP (national scrapie plan) type with high probability. The main reasons for a low number of additional identifications can be attributed to the large number of alleles with moderate frequencies, incomplete penetrance model, uniform prior, and inherent pedigree and genotype data structure. In order to overcome the limits of additional genotype identifications novel statistics were derived (maximal NSP type, average NSP value and its variance and reliability) to facilitate practical implementation of selection for scrapie resistance based on NSP types. Maximal NSP type can be used to infer maximal potential scrapie susceptibility of individual animals as well as for the entire flocks. The average NSP value encompasses all information contained in PrP genotype probabilities and is the most useful statistic for the selection on NSP type and therefore PrP genotype. These novel statistics can be used as a criterion for the selection against scrapie susceptibility for the whole population taking into the account possible errors in genotype and/or pedigree data.
The search for fat composition and content that is favourable in intramuscular fat (IMF) for fresh meat quality and at the same time in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCF) for processed meat products, ...within the same breed, is reflected in the growing interest in native pig breeds. The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid composition of the IMF of M. longissimus dorsi (LD) and adjacent SCF from the Slovenian indigenous Krškopolje pig. The type of fat from the 42 Krškopolje pig significantly affected the proportions of 29 of the 35 fatty acids measured here. The SCF contained higher proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and correspondingly less monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) than the IMF. Taking the extremes, the IMF at 6–10 % of the LD had higher proportions of SFA and MUFA and less PUFA than the IMF at 2–3 %. The thicker SCF (57–67 mm) was higher in SFA and lower in PUFA than thinner (30–40 mm). Sex and age also affected fatty acid composition; the fat from barrows was higher in MUFA and lower in PUFA than that from gilts, and with increasing age, MUFA content increased.
The study aims to identify any changes in the communication channels used by Slovenian livestock farmers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the main (dis)advantages of relying on ...them. An online survey was completed by 502 Slovenian farmers of various farm enterprises in winter 2020/2021. Most respondents generally used telephone, e-mail, and the internet to obtain agricultural information before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, farmers increasingly relied on online conferences and social networking sites. At the same time, younger farmers and farmers with a higher education level used digital channels the most frequently, with men doing so more often than women. Digital channels were primarily used by cattle and horse farmers, while cattle farmers showed the greatest online conference participation. Respondents reported having more time to spend with their families and animals as an advantage and the lack of face-to-face interaction with other farmers and advisers as a disadvantage of such communication patterns. As the study reveals differences in the use of communication channels during the COVID-19 pandemic by various farmers, a new communication strategy is needed that involves the use of appropriate communication channels to provide farmers with agricultural information both during the COVID-19 situation and later.
Prvotni prašiči so v literaturnih virih običajno zapisani kot domači, naravni, navadni, kranjski, črni, štajerski oz. dolenjski prašiči in podobno. S pričetkom reje prašičev na Kranjskem se je ...razvila domača pasma prašičev. Podlaga te pasme so bili deloma domači, največ pa hrvaško-ogrski plemenski prašiči, ki so se postopoma prekrižali s prašiči žlahtnejših pasem, zlasti z veliko belo angleško pasmo. Domača pasma prašičev je bila odporna, imela je visoke noge, raven rilec in močan hrbet. Prašiči so bili skromni in neobčutljivi na mraz. Pri nastanku gorenjskega črnolisastega prašiča so verjetno sodelovale različne pasme: avtohtoni kranjski prašiči, hrvaški prašiči, heševci, angleške pasme (posebej jorkšir) in tudi krškopoljski prašiči. V kakšnem razmerju so sodelovale posamezne pasme, ni mogoče ugotoviti. Gorenjski črnolisasti prašič je bil mesnato-mastnega tipa. Bil je dobro rasten s sorazmerno veliko zmogljivostjo rasti in je imel kakovostno meso. Poudarjena je njegova odpornost in skromnost do pogojev reje. Zahteve trga po mesnatih prašičih so bile vse večje in opuščanje pasme je bilo neizbežno. O pasmah solčavski črni prašič in štajerski črni prašič so znani le skromni zapisi. Pasmi sta bili odporni in skromni ter sta bili izgubljeni.
PDF
