Na sedemnajstih kmetijah v Bohinju smo v letu 1996 analizirali podatke o mlečnosti in plodnosti pri 193 kravah lisaste (51,4%), črno-bele (31,3%), rjave (2,5%), rdeče cikaste (2,5%) in neznane pasme ...(12,3%). Iz različnih vzrokov je bilo izločenih 37 krav. Povprečna mlečnost v zaključeni laktaciji je pri 156 kravah znašala 5590 (± 1988) kg, v standardni laktaciji 5178 (± 1687) kg in na krmni dan 14,2 (± 4,8) kg mleka. Poporodni premor je pri kravah trajal povprečno 113,8 (± 62,3) dni, doba med telitvama (DMT) pa 400,2 (± 69,1) dni. Uspešnost osemenitev je bila povprečno 65,2%. DMT, zaporedna laktacija in rejec so statistično značilno vplivali na mlečnost krav na krmni dan (KD). Največja mlečnost na KD je bila pri živalih z DMT od 341 do 365 dni. Podaljšana DMT je povečevala mlečnost krav v standardni laktaciji. Poporodni premor je bil statistično značilno povezan (P< 0,0001) s praktično vsemi lastnostmi plodnosti in mlečnosti. Število osemenitev in mlečnost na krmni dan sta bili negativno povezani (r = -0,1769, P< 0,0271). Analize podatkov, s katerimi ocenjujemo plodnost krav, so pokazale, da je bila uspešnost odkrivanja pojatev slaba (62,1%) in zaradi tega podaljšana servisna perioda največkrat vzrok podaljšane DMT pri kravah na obravnavanih kmetijah. Na štirih kmetijah, kjer so pravočasno odkrili vse pojatve po pregonitvi, je trajal poporodni premor povprečno trajal 83 dni, servisna perioda pa 21 dni.
V raziskavi smo uporabili podatke o 643 357 meritvah dnevnih meritev za količino mleka in vsebnosti beljakovin ter maščob pri 29 150 kravah slovenske črno bele pasme. V datoteko sorodstva smo dodali ...še 12 173 živali. Meritve so bile opravljene od marca 1986 do julija 1998. Model je vključeval sezono telitve, starost ob telitvi in stadij laktacije kot sistematske vplive ter naključne vplive črede, stalnega okolja in živali. Vpliv črede je pojasnil skoraj četrtino celotne variabilnosti za količino mleka in malo manj kot desetino za obe lastnosti vsebnosti. Delež variance za vpliv čreda je za količino mleka 0,23, za vsebnost maščobe 0,06 in za vsebnost beljakovin 0,09. Podoben vpliv ima za vse tri lastnosti stalno okolje, saj delež variance znaša za količino mleka 0,23, za vsebnost maščobe 0,07 in za vsebnost beljakovin 0,11. Dednostni delež za količino mleka je 0,20, za vsebnost maščobe 0,22 in za vsebnost beljakovin 0,25. Z uporabo tega modela v praksi bi že mlajšim živalim z manjšim številom meritev ali celo brez njih napovedali plemenske vrednosti. S tem bi skrajšali generacijski interval. Ob uvedbi tega modela v praksi je primerno preveriti ekonomske teže in proučiti korelacije med opazovanimi lastnostmi.
Ocenjevanje mesnatosti prašičev na liniji temelji na meritvah pojasnjevalnih spremenljivk in predhodno določene enačbe za odstotek mesa, v katero vstavimo meritve. Enačbo določimo na podlagi ...predhodnega razseka zadostnega števila klavnih trupov. Prilagojeno zakonodaji EU smo se pri izračunu nove enačbe poslužili kombinacije EU-referenčnega in delnega razseka, pri statistični obdelavi pa uporabili dvojno regresijo. Izvedli smo popolni razsek na 61 in samo delni razsek na 130 klavnih trupih prašičev. Določali smo enačbi za ocenjevanje odstotka mesa za metodo z aparatom Hennessy Grading Probe (HGP) in za ročno dvotočkovno metodo. Enačba za aparat HGP je zadostila potrebnemu standardnemu odklonu ostanka (RSD) pod 2,5 (2,43) in je primerna za uvedbo metode HGP na linijo klanja. Nadomestna ročna metoda se ni približala vrednosti 2,5 za RSD, pač pa še vedno zadovoljivo ocenjuje mesnatost sedanja enačba DM5. Pred uvedbo nove metode z aparatom HGP je potrebna še preveritev na liniji klanja.
In the feeding trial with 600 laying hens of ISA Brown provenance the effect of ensiled maize grains on laying was examined. The laying was monitored since the age 21 weeks. At the age 32 weeks from ...the flock of 1400 hens 600 animals were chosen at random and divided in six groups. Trial rations were started at age 40 weeks when the hens reached the peak production. The trial had lasted for 154 days when the laying capacity started to decrease considerably. Two maize hybrids Raissa and Lotus were compared. In the ration there were 40% of dry matter from ensiled grains or 60% respectively. Supplemental feeding mixture was equal in both cases. Control animals were fed with complete feeding mixture ad libitum. Other groups fed with silage as well as one group of laying hens fed with complete feeding mixture were given restricted rations. Results of laying before and during the trial were processed by statistical package SAS/STAT (1990). There were no significant differences between the hybrids. Groups with 40% dry matter from the silage had significantly lower laying than the control group, which can be explained by lower energy content. Groups with 60% of dry matter from the silage had better laying than the groups with less silage as well as better laying in comparison with the control groups. Groups with higher metabolic energy content in trial ration had better laying. Energy and protein consumption for egg production differed a lot between the groups due to different contents of protein and energy in the rations and, hence, to diverse number of laid eggs.
Genetic and environmental dispersion parameters for daily milk yield (DMY), fat (FC), protein (PC) and lactose contents (LC) were estimated on 1805 does of Alpine and Saanen breed. During the period ...1991-1996, 24044 monthly test days were obtained from 57 herds in Slovenia. (Co)variance components for random effects and residual were estimated by REML using Powell’s algorithm. The models contained season (year-month interaction) and breed as fixed effects, litter size, day of lactation and parity as independent variables, and common flock, permanent environment and additive genetic effect (animal) as random effects. Heritability for DMY was 0.19 - 0.20, for FC was 0.16 - 0.18, for PC was 0.21 - 0.24, and for LC was 0.21 - 0.23. The greatest part of phenotypic variance of FC, PC and LC remained in residual. FC and PC had a negative genetic correlation with DMY (-0.32 and -0.41). Correlation between FC and PC was positive (+0.57), as between PC and LC (+0.27).
Slovenska priporočila za obravnavo bolnikov z kronično odpovedjo prebavil so povzeta so po smernicah Evropskega združenja za klinično prehrano in metabolizem (angl. ESPEN; European Society for ...Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism) in prilagojena slovenskim izkušnjah zdravljenja odpovedi prebavil. Pretežni del bolnikov z odpovedjo prebavil predstavljajo bolniki s sindromom kratkega črevesa (SKČ), zato je poudarek priporočil na diagnostiki, obravnavi in zdravljenju bolnikov s SKČ. Namen priporočil je vzpostavitev bolj učinkovite prepoznave in obravnave bolnikov z odpovedjo ter vzpostavitvi temeljnih strokovnih izhodišč za zdravljenje teh bolnikov v Sloveniji. Dejavnost zdravljenja kronične odpovedi prebavil z parenteralno prehrano na domu pri odrasli pacientih je bila v Sloveniji formalno vzpostavljena leta 2008, v 13 letih smo zdravili več kot 230 pacientov, v začetku leta 2021 je v 2 centrih (OI Ljubljana, UKC Ljubljana) v zdravljenje vključeno 95 odraslih bolnikov. Pred 6 leti Smo paciente v programu zdravljenja odpovedi prebavil v okviru OI LjubljanA vključili v evropski register premljanja bolnikov na Parenteralni prehrani na domu (PPD), v okviru ESPEN.
Raziskali smo vpliv različnih provenienc piščancev, spola živali in kosa (bedra vs. prsa) na senzorične in instrumentalne parametre kakovosti mesa. Tri tuje provenience (arbor acres, avian, ross) in ...dva domača križanca piščancev (prelux-bro1, prelux-bro2) smo spitali v kletkah do starosti 47 dni. Iz vsake skupine smo za analizo odbrali po 8 živali (4 jarčke, 4 petelinčke), od katerih smo po toplotni obdelavi (pečenje do Ts= 80o C) senzorično analizirali meso prs in beder (profil barve, teksture, arome) ter naredili instrumentalno analizo teksture z INSTRON aparatom kot rezno trdnost prečno (RTP) in vzdolžno (RTV). Ugotovili smo statistično značilen vpliv provenience na vonj in aromo mesa, ki sta najslabša pri piščancih ross, prav ti pa imajo najbolj mastno in mehko meso. Meso petelinčkov je v vseh senzoričnih lastnostih višje ocenjeno od mesa jarčk; za sočnost, mastnost in občutek v ustih so razlike značilne. Prsa imajo nasproti bedrom značilno večje RTP in RTV vrednosti, kar se sklada s slabšo senzorično ocenjeno mehkobo. Prsa so v primerjavi z bedri prav tako višje ocenjena za barvo in vonj, medtem ko so nižje ocenjena za sočnost, mastnost in občutek v ustih. Ugotovljene so tudi značilne korelacije med instrumentalno izmerjenimi ter senzorično izvrednotenimi lastnostmi teksture mesa piščancev.
Assessment of differential expression of oncogenes in adenocarcinoma of stomach with fluorescent labeling and simultaneous amplification of gene transcripts Background. Gastric cancer is one of the ...leading malignancies with a poor prognosis and low survival rates. Although the mechanisms underlying its development are still unknown, there is a consensus that genetic instability, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and over-expression of oncogenes are involved in the early and late stages of gastric carcinogenesis. In the present study we wanted to display differential expression of seven oncogenes, namely CCNE1, EGF, ERBB3, FGF4, HRG1, HGFR and TDGF1. Patients and methods. We employed a method based on the multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain (RT-PCR) method with a fluorescence detection. Results. More than half of patients (74.3%) out of total 74 with gastric adenocarcinoma had over-expressed at least one oncogene, with the exception of FGF4, which was expressed in tumor tissue of less than one third of patients. 56.8% of the patients patients showed over-expression of two or more oncogenes. Conclusions. Patients with precancerous lesions had elevated levels of TDGF1 or cripto-1 (64.9%) and CCNE1 (57.1%), suggesting that they could be used as markers for an early detection of malignant changes in stomach. Finally, the fluorescent multiplex RT-PCR method could be of value for rapid assessment of oncogene mRNA levels in small samples of tumor or precancerous biopsies.
Efficiency of community based intervention programme on keeping lowered weight Objective: To establish the effectiveness of community based intervention on lowering and sustaining weight. Methods: We ...performed a longitudinal retrospective study in three primary care centres in Slovenia. 333 men aged 35 to 65 and women aged 45 to 70 with body mass index higher than 25 kg/m2 and high risk for cardiovascular diseases or with body mass index higher than 30 kg/m2 were included. The data for the analysis were extracted from the forms of National cardio-vascular disease prevention programme. Long-term follow-up of their weight was performed 12 to 24 months after the intervention. Results: The inclusion criteria fulfilled 250 (75%) participants. During the programme the participants' weight lowered by a mean 6.7 kg from 95.5±15.1 to 88.8±14.7 kg (7.1% of the entry body weight, 95% CI: -7.2 to -6.1 %). One to two years after the intervention 62.8% of the participants could not keep the weight they achieved during the intervention phase. Mean regain of the weight was 1.6 kg, (23% of the lost weight, 95% CI: 0.8 to 2.4 kg). Initial body weight of people, who long-term succeeded to keep achieved weight was higher than initial body weight of those people, who regained weight after the programme (t=3.490, P= 0.001) Gender and age did not show any statistically significant impact on long-term weight gain. Conclusions: The intervention programme was successful by the criteria that weight reduction should be at least 5-10%. Majority of the participants could not sustain the reduced weight, but the mean weight gain was less than one fourth of the weight, lost in the intervention period. Besides the interventions for weight reduction also the longterm programmes for sustaining the achieved weight loss are very important.
Slovenian results on pig carcass classifi cation according to SEUROP (average lean meat percentage, carcass weight, measurements of fat and muscle and their variability) are presented for years from ...1996 to 2004. In these years, an important increase of average lean meat percentage was noted (51.9 % in year 1996 vs. 55.9 % in year 2004). As a consequence the percentage of pig carcasses being graded into S and E classes was almost tripled from 1996 to 2004 (21.3 to 58.2%, respectively). This improvement was initiated by the payment according to the lean meat percentage, to which pig breeders responded by better management of herds and partly by increased use of pietrain breed. Potential for further improvement remains in attaining genetically more uniform herds and reduction of carcass weight variability. A new method, introducing an optic probe Hennessy, adapted to changes of the EU legislation, is expected to shift up the average meat percentage close to 57%, which places Slovenian pigs into the EU average.
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