The aim of the present research was to determine the blood metabolic profile and acid-base status of Istrian goats in a Mediterranean production system. The research was carried out on 28, non-gravid ...Istrian goats divided into four groups: group I - < 6 month old kids; group II - < 2 year old goats; group 3 - from 2 to 5 year old goats; group IV - >5 year old goats. The goats were grazing on extensive Mediterranean pastures, but when in the stall, they were fed with hay and approximately 0.2 kg corn per day, as well as water and salt. Haematological parameters were determined in whole blood. The concentrations of biochemical parameters and enzyme activities were determined in the blood serum, while indicators of acid-base balance were determined in the blood plasma. The number of erythrocytes and lymphocytes decreased, while segmented neutrophils and eosinophils increased with age in the Istrian goats. Furthermore, concentrations of Fe, albumin/globulin ratio, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, inorganic phosphate- and the activity of alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly. An increase was determined in concentrations of urea, total proteins and globulins, as well as the activity of aspartate aminotransferase, weak anions and cations based on total protein calculations. The data obtained on the metabolic profile and acid-base status of Istrian goats are useful for understanding this breed's parameters, which will help in monitoring health and nutritional status, as well as for improving the management and conservation of this critically endangered breed. Key words: metabolic profile; acid-base status; Mediterranean production system; Istrian goat
The aim of this research was to determine the effect of dietary selenium supplementation (organic and inorganic) on the biochemical indices and thyroid hormone concentration in the blood of heavily ...pregnant and lactating ewes. Research was conducted on 30 pregnant ewes of the Merinolandschaf breed divided into 3 groups, and lasted for four months (two months on ewes in late pregnancy and two months on ewes during lactation). The first group was given a basal diet without the addition of selenium. The feed mixture of group 2 was supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg of organic sources of selenium, and group 3 with the same amount of inorganic sources of selenium. In lactating ewes, organic and inorganic selenium lead to a significant ( P < 0.05; P < 0.01) increase in urea concentration. At the same time, in lactating ewes inorganic selenium had a significant decreasing effect ( P < 0.05; P < 0.01) on cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides. Organic selenium in heavily pregnant ewes significantly ( P < 0.01) increased aspartate aminotransferase activity in comparison to group 1 and 3. In lactating ewes significant ( P < 0.05) differences in aspartate aminotransferase activity were determined between groups 2 and 3. With selenium supplementation a significant ( P < 0.01; P < 0.05) increase concentration of Se was determined (for heavily pregnant and lactating ewes, respectively), as well as Na, Cl, Fe (lactating ewes), and a decrease of K (high pregnant ewes). Organic selenium had an effect on the increase of triiodothyronine in lactating ewes. We can conclude that selenium supplementation contributes to good health and condition of ewes in the demanding period of lactation.
Meat is a food of high nutritional content which can make a valuable contribution in a human diet. Among other nutrients, meat is the main source of fats in the human diet and its presence in the ...daily meal of consumers in the developed countries is high. Consumers have become increasingly aware of the role of fat and fatty acids in their health status. Consequently, at the time of purchase of certain types of meats their requests are subjected to the frequent changes and growing demands. From this point of view it must be considered that fat and fatty acid composition of lamb meat could be highly influenced by the breed, age/weight of the animal, gender, diet, production system, and anatomical position of the muscles. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to describe the factors that may affect the fat tissue and fatty acid composition in lamb meat and their relation to the human health status.
Mutton samples (m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum; LL) originating from 30 Istrian ewes were used to determine EZ drip loss (DL), thaw loss (TL), cooking loss (CL), and Warner-Bratzler shear force ...(WBSF) in relation to age at slaughter and different post mortem aging periods (1, 7, and 14 days). DL was measured according to the EZ method after storage periods of 24 and 48 h. Determination of TL, CL, and WBSF was performed for samples aged prior to freezing for 1, 7, and 14 days. A significantly lower TL (P<0.05) was observed in the mutton samples that aged for 1 day (7.76%) prior to freezing compared to the mutton samples that aged for 7 days (9.91%) and 14 days (9.32%) prior to freezing. The WBSF revealed significant differences between the aging periods (P<0.05), indicating that mutton aged 7 (33.92 N) and 14 (28.23 N) days showed greater tenderness than mutton with a shorter aging period (43.89 N). Considering that there was no significant difference between mutton aged for 7 and 14 days in water-holding capacity and shear force, there is no reasonable reason for aging mutton longer than 7 days. Therefore, further research into shorter aging periods, the sensory quality of mutton, and its acceptability by consumers is needed.
This research aspires to demonstrate how the stage of lactation influences the content of macroelements in the Lacaune sheep milk. The research was conducted with 30 Lacaune sheep in their fourth ...lactation during the early (60 days), middle (120 days), and late lactation stages (180 days). The macroelement concentration (Ca, K, Na, and Mg) of the Lacaune sheep milk was determined by the ICP. As lactation progressed, a significant increase in the concentrations of Mg and Na and a significant decrease in K were observed in the Lacaune sheep milk. A stability of Ca and P concentrations during lactation was demonstrated by the lack of significant variation in the Lacaune sheep milk, based on the stage of lactation. A significant positive correlation was detected between Ca:Mg, Ca:P, and K:P, as well as a significant negative correlation between Mg:K and K:Na. The obtained results prove a significant effect of lactation stage on the content of most macroelements in the Lacaune sheep milk, except Ca and P, which should be included in the research scheme.
Cilj je ovoga istraživanja prikazati kako stadij laktacije utječe na sadržaj makroelemenata u mlijeku lakon ovce. Istraživanje je provedeno na 30 lakon ovaca u 4. laktaciji tijekom ranoga (60. dan), srednjeg (120. dan) i kasnog stadija laktacije (180. dan). U mlijeku lakon ovaca utvrđeno je ICP metodom koncentracije sljedećih makroelemenata: Ca, P, K, Na i Mg. Utvrđeno je značajno povećanje koncentracija Mg i Na te značajno smanjenje K u mlijeku lakon ovce odmicanjem laktacije. Koncentracije Ca i P nisu značajno varirale ovisno o stadiju laktacije u mlijeku lakon ovce, što ukazuje na njihovu stabilnost tijekom laktacije. Utvrđena je značajno jaka pozitivna korelacija između Ca:Mg, Ca:P i K:P, ali i značajno negativna korelacija između Mg:K i K:Na. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata može se zaključiti da je stadij laktacije značajno utjecao na sadržaj većine makroelemenata (osim Ca i P) u mlijeku lakon ovce, te ga se treba uključiti u shemu istraživanja.
The research was conducted on days 60, 90, 120 and 150 during the lactation with the aim to determine the effect of lactation stage on the concentration of crucial elements and chemical composition ...in Croatian spotted goats' milk. Milk yield significantly decreased (from 1.15 to 0.76 kg/day), while the concentration of Ca, Mg, P, Zn and Mo in the milk of the goats significantly increased during lactation. The concentrations of Cr, Cd and Pb in milk were very low, with no significant deviations during lactation. The quality of milk from Croatian spotted goats is adequate compared with other breeds in the surrounding area of Croatia.
Meso po svom nutritivnom sastavu spada u namirnice visoke hranjive vrijednosti i zauzima važno mjesto u ljudskoj prehrani. Ono je ujedno i glavni izvor masti u prehrani stanovništva te mu je ...zastupljenost u dnevnom meniju razvijenih zemalja velika. S obzirom da su potrošači sve više svjesni uloge masnog tkiva i masnih kiselina u zdravstvenom statusu njihovi zahtjevi su pri kupnji određenih vrsta mesa sve veći i podložni čestim promjenama. Pri tome je svakako važno navesti da sadržaj masnog tkiva i pojedinih masnih kiselina u janjećem mesu varira ovisno o brojnim čimbenicima među kojima se ističu genotip, dob životinje, spol, hranidba, način držanja i anatomska pozicija mišića. Stoga je cilj ovog rada bio opisati čimbenike koji mogu utjecati na sadržaj masnog tkiva i pojedinih masnih kiselina u janjećem mesu te njihovu povezanost sa zdravstvenim statusom potrošača.
The widespread selenium (Se) deficiency in soil and in feedstuffs from such soil, needs to be prevented by various methods. Recently, biofortification of Se has been carried out by soil fertilization ...and foliar application of crops. The aim of this study was evaluate the productive traits, Se status and blood metabolic profile in fattening lambs affected by Se biofortified corn. The research was conducted with 20 Merinolandschaf lambs of the average age of 70 days, during 30 days of fattening. The feed mixture of the control group contained corn (0.014 mg Se/kg dry matter, DM); in the experimental group (Se-BC), corn was biofortified (0.278 mg Se/kg DM). The feed mixture, hay and water were offered to lambs
ad libitum
. Blood was collected from the jugular vein on days 0 and 30 of experiment. Haematological indices were determined in whole blood, whereas concentrations of biochemical indices, enzyme activities, and concentrations of metabolic hormones were determined in serum. After the slaughter, samples of musculus semimembranosus, liver, kidney, lungs, spleen, peritoneum and heart tissues were taken. No significant differences were obtained in productive traits when feeding lambs with Se-BC. Higher concentrations of Se in lungs and liver (control: 0.26 and 0.75 mg/kg, respectively; Se-BC: 0.33 and 0.92 mg/kg, respectively) was determined in Se-BC compared to control. Higher activity of glutathione peroxidase enzyme in serum, higher erythrocyte count, higher content of haemoglobin and haematocrit in whole blood of Se-BC lambs were determined. The results of the study indicate the posibility of using Se-BC in lambs’ diets.
The research aimed to determine the blood metabolic profile and acid-base status of lactating Travnik ewes in an extensive production system. The research was carried out on 108 lactating Travnik ...ewes, with an average age of 3-4 years, in their 3rd lactation. The ewes were kept on pasture, and had water and animal salt ad libitum. Hematological indicators were determined in whole blood, biochemical parameters in serum, and acid-base status was determined in plasma. The determined average values of hematological parameters were mostly within reference values, except the lower MCHC content and higher MCV content, which indicates the instability of erythrocyte constants. Average mineral concentrations were within the reference values, except for Ca and Fe concentrations which were lower and were influenced by higher milk excretion. Most of the biochemical indicators, enzyme activity, and indicators of the acid-base balance of lactating Travnik ewes’ blood were within the reference values. A high concentration of urea above the reference values was found, and concentrations of total proteins, albumins, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides at the upper limit or above the reference values were determined. Slightly lower GPx activity and higher SOD activity above reference values were determined. These indicators point to energy deficit, as well as poor grazing quality, and a lack of selenium in pasture plant species. When determining the blood metabolic profile of lactating Travnik ewes, the obtained results of the research should be considered, and they should be included in the development of reference values for the Travnik sheep breed.
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