Some of the most common dynamic phenomena that arise in engineering practiceactuator and sensor delaysfall outside the scope of standard finite-dimensional system theory. The first attempt at ...infinite-dimensional feedback design in the field of control systemsthe Smith predictorhas remained limited to linear finite-dimensional plants over the last five decades. Shedding light on new opportunities in predictor feedback, this book significantly broadens the set of techniques available to a mathematician or engineer working on delay systems.The book is a collection of tools and techniques that make predictor feedback ideas applicable to nonlinear systems, systems modeled by PDEs, systems with highly uncertain or completely unknown input/output delays, and systems whose actuator or sensor dynamics are modeled by more general hyperbolic or parabolic PDEs, rather than by pure delay.Numerous examples and a detailed treatment of individual classes of problemswill help the reader master the techniques.Delay Compensation for Nonlinear, Adaptive, and PDE Systemsis an excellent reference guide for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in mathematics, systems control, as well as chemical, mechanical, electrical, computer, aerospace, and civil/structural engineering. Parts of the book maybe used in graduate courses on general distributed parameter systems, linear delay systems, PDEs, nonlinear control, state estimator and observers, adaptive control, robust control, or linear time-varying systems.
Piezoelectric biosensors are a group of analytical devices working on a principle of affinity interaction recording. A piezoelectric platform or piezoelectric crystal is a sensor part working on the ...principle of oscillations change due to a mass bound on the piezoelectric crystal surface. In this review, biosensors having their surface modified with an antibody or antigen, with a molecularly imprinted polymer, with genetic information like single stranded DNA, and biosensors with bound receptors of organic of biochemical origin, are presented and discussed. The mentioned recognition parts are frequently combined with use of nanoparticles and applications in this way are also introduced. An overview of the current literature is given and the methods presented are commented upon.
This book introduces a comprehensive methodology for adaptive control design of parabolic partial differential equations with unknown functional parameters, including reaction-convection-diffusion ...systems ubiquitous in chemical, thermal, biomedical, aerospace, and energy systems. Andrey Smyshlyaev and Miroslav Krstic develop explicit feedback laws that do not require real-time solution of Riccati or other algebraic operator-valued equations. The book emphasizes stabilization by boundary control and using boundary sensing for unstable PDE systems with an infinite relative degree. The book also presents a rich collection of methods for system identification of PDEs, methods that employ Lyapunov, passivity, observer-based, swapping-based, gradient, and least-squares tools and parameterizations, among others.
Two enantiomers of lactic acid exist. While L-lactic acid is a common compound of human metabolism, D-lactic acid is produced by some strains of microorganism or by some less relevant metabolic ...pathways. While L-lactic acid is an endogenous compound, D-lactic acid is a harmful enantiomer. Exposure to D-lactic acid can happen by various ways including contaminated food and beverages and by microbiota during some pathological states like short bowel syndrome. The exposure to D-lactic acid cannot be diagnosed because the common analytical methods are not suitable for distinguishing between the two enantiomers. In this review, pathways for D-lactic acid, pathological processes, and diagnostical and analytical methods are introduced followed by figures and tables. The current literature is summarized and discussed.
We developed acid-functionalized glycogen conjugates as supramolecular carriers for efficient encapsulation and inhibition of a model cationic peptide melittinthe main component of honeybee venom. ...For this purpose, we synthesized and characterized a set of glycogens, functionalized to various degrees by several different acid groups. These conjugates encapsulate melittin up to a certain threshold amount, beyond which they precipitate. Computer simulations showed that sufficiently functionalized conjugates electrostatically attract melittin, resulting in its efficient encapsulation in a broad pH range around the physiological pH. Hemolytic assays confirmed in vitro that the effective inhibition of melittin’s hemolytic activity occurs for highly functionalized samples, whereas no inhibition is observed when using low-functionalized conjugates. It can be concluded that functional glycogens are promising carriers for cationic molecular cargos or antidotes against animal venoms under conditions, in which suitable properties such as biodegradability and biocompatibility are crucial.
This paper focuses on using the Ecological Footprint concept for sustainability assessment. The Ecological Footprint is a popular indicator of human use of environmental resources and is commonly ...presented at the country level by comparing the consumption footprint with territorial biocapacity, with a negative balance implying unsustainability. This constrains a country's consumption by its biocapacity but allows its stock of resources to be depleted if they are not associated with domestic consumption. This paper argues that this approach is legitimate but should not automatically constitute a default framework for interpretation. Two perspectives on entitlements to environmental resources are analyzed and, based on them, a novel approach to sustainability assessment is proposed. The paper further discusses the links between national sustainability and the related issues of self-sufficiency, consumption, and responsibility.
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are widely used for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. More recent use is for myasthenia gravis. Many of these inhibitors ...interact with the second known cholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Further, evidence shows that acetylcholine plays a role in suppression of cytokine release through a "cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway" which raises questions about the role of these inhibitors in the immune system. This review covers research and discussion of the role of the inhibitors in modulating the immune response using as examples the commonly available drugs, donepezil, galantamine, huperzine, neostigmine and pyridostigmine. Major attention is given to the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, a well-described link between the central nervous system and terminal effector cells in the immune system.
Vertex algebras at the corner Gaiotto, Davide; Rapčák, Miroslav
The journal of high energy physics,
01/2019, Letnik:
2019, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
We introduce a class of Vertex Operator Algebras which arise at junctions of supersymmetric interfaces in
N
= 4 Super Yang Mills gauge theory. These vertex algebras satisfy non-trivial ...duality relations inherited from S-duality of the four-dimensional gauge theory. The gauge theory construction equips the vertex algebras with collections of modules labelled by supersymmetric interface line defects. We discuss in detail the simplest class of algebras
Y
L,M,N
, which generalizes
W
N
algebras. We uncover tantalizing relations between
Y
L,M,N
, the topological vertex and the
W
1+∞
algebra.
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