Introduction: The growing proportion of overweight and obese people worldwide is of great concern as it affects the overall health of people and consequently also their reproductive health. The aim ...of this literature review is to examine how increased body mass index affects fertility and preconception health in men and women.Methods: A scoping literature review was conducted in February 2021 using PubMed and Medline databases, as well as the Google Scholar search engine. Inclusion criteria consisted of scientific literature, regardless of methodology, and articles published in Slovene and English.Results: The literature search yielded 9 reviews and 5 original quantitative studies published in English in the last 15 years. The results suggest that there is compelling evidence that obese individuals are at increased risk of various health problems in the pre-conception period that may affect their fertility and ability to conceive.Discussion and conclusion: The rising prevalence of high body mass index is changing the reproductive health of men and women. Growing obesity rates, particularly in the Western world, call for greater awareness of this metabolic syndrome and its impact on female and male reproduction. Health professionals working with couples in the pre-conception period should have sufficient knowledge to address the impact of high body mass index on reproductive health and promote a healthy lifestyle.
Ova studija je imala za cilj istražiti utjecaj neplodnosti i njezinog liječenja na seksualnost para. Izvršena je sustavna analiza literature s naglaskom na seksualnu disfunkciju žena i muškaraca zbog ...neplodnosti. Metoda je bila opisna uz primjenu meta-sinteze znanstvenih istraživanja objavljenih između 2012. i 2017. godine na engleskom jeziku. Pretraživanje odgovarajućih studija provedeno je u bazama podataka Medline, CINAHL, PubMed i ScienceDirect koristeći sljedeće ključne riječi: neplodnost, seksualne disfunkcije, par. Može se zaključiti da neplodnost negativno utječe na seksualnost neplodnog para, što dodatno dokazuje visok postotak seksualnih disfunkcija (43%-90% među ženama i 48%-58% među muškarcima). Parovi iskazuju manje zadovoljstvo u seksualnom odnosu. Budući da su slabije zadovoljstvo i disfunkcije usko povezane s neplodnošću i njenim liječenjem, parovi bi mogli imati koristi od seksualne terapije i psihološke potpore tijekom procesa liječenja neplodnosti. Daljnja bi se istraživanja trebala usre-dotočiti na evaluaciju različitih psiholoških intervencija koje bi se bavile seksualnošću kod parova kad im se dijag-nosticira i liječi neplodnost.
The aim of the study was to explore two aspects of neonatal prophylaxis: the application of the vitamin K injection to the newborns and the prophylaxis against chlamydial and gonococcal eye ...infections, comparing Slovenian and Croatian practices.
A causal non-experimental method of quantitative empirical approach was used. The data was collected by means of predesigned questionnaires. The questionnaires were sent to 14 Slovenian and 32 Croatian birth hospitals. The data was analysed with descriptive statistics and the Kullback test.
Vitamin K is applied to all newborns in 9 (out of 14) Slovene and 22 (out of 32) Croatian birth hospitals that returned the questionnaire. The prophylaxis against chlamydial gonococcal eye infections is applied to all newborns in 9 Slovene and 16 Croatian birth hospitals that offered answers to the questionnaire. The majority of Slovene and Croatian birth hospitals perform these procedures in the first hour after birth. The majority of Slovene birth hospitals still apply vitamin K in the gluteal muscle, whereas the majority of Croatian birth hospitals usually use the thigh as an injection site. In Slovenia, 1 % Targesin is used for the prophylaxis against chlamydial and gonococcal eye infections, whereas in Croatia the prevailing medicine is Erythromycin.
The possibility of oral vitamin K application should be offered to parents, and pain management in practice should be discussed. The form of written informed consent could be offered to parents. Health professionals should provide intimacy and exclude routine procedures in the first couple of hours after birth. However, more research is needed as delayed administration might be related to lower efficacy and, as a consequence of that, the safety of newborns is questionable.
Introduction. The aim of the study was to explore two aspects of neonatal prophylaxis: the application of the vitamin K injection to the newborns and the prophylaxis against chlamydial and gonococcal ...eye infections, comparing Slovenian and Croatian practices.
Methods. A causal non-experimental method of quantitative empirical approach was used. The data was collected by means of predesigned questionnaires. The questionnaires were sent to 14 Slovenian and 32 Croatian birth hospitals. The data wasanalysed with descriptive statistics and the Kullback test.
Results. Vitamin K is applied to all newborns in 9 (out of 14) Slovene and 22 (out of 32) Croatian birth hospitals that returned the questionnaire. The prophylaxis against chlamydial gonococcal eye infections is applied to all newborns in 9 Slovene and 16 Croatian birth hospitals that offered answers to the questionnaire. The majority of Slovene and Croatian birth hospitals perform these procedures in the first hour after birth. The majority of Slovene birth hospitals still apply vitamin K in the gluteal muscle, whereas the majority of Croatian birth hospitals usually use the thigh as an injection site. In Slovenia, 1 % Targesin is used for the prophylaxis against chlamydial and gonococcal eye infections, whereas in Croatia the prevailing medicine is Erythromycin.
Conclusions. The possibility of oral vitamin K application should be offered to parents, and pain management in practice should be discussed. The form of written informed consent could be offered to parents. Health professionals should provide intimacy and exclude routine procedures in the first couple of hours after birth. However, more research is needed as delayed administration might be related to lower efficacy and, as a consequence of that, the safety of newborns is questionable.
Uvod. Namen opisane raziskave je bil proučiti določene vidike neonatalne profilakse: prakso aplikacije vitamina K novorojenčkom in profilakse proti klamidijski in gonokokni okužbi oči v slovenskih in hrvaških porodnišnicah.
Metode. V raziskavi je bila uporabljena kavzalna neeksperimentalna metoda kvantitativnega empiričnega načina raziskovanja. Podatki so bili pridobljeni z vnaprej pripravljenimi vprašalniki, ki so bili razdeljeni v 14 slovenskih in 32 hrvaških porodnišnicah. Analiza podatkov je potekala z uporabo deskriptivne statistike in Kullbackovega preizkusa.
Rezultati. Ugotovili smo, da se praksa v slovenskih in hrvaških porodnišnicah glede raziskovanih parametrov neonatalne profilakse razlikuje. Devet slovenskih porodnišnic (od vseh 14) in 22 hrvaških (od vseh 32), ki so sodelovale v raziskavi, aplicira vitamin K vsem novorojenčkom. Profilaktično zaščito proti klamidijskim ali gonokoknim očesnim okužbam pa izvajajo v 9 slovenskih in 16 hrvaških porodnišnicah (od vseh sodelujočih v raziskavi). Večina slovenskih in hrvaških porodnišnic opravi oba posega v prvi uri po rojstvu. Večina slovenskih porodnišnic aplicira vitamin K v glutealno mišico, medtem ko je na Hrvaškem pogostejša aplikacija v stegensko mišico. V slovenskih porodnišnicah pri apliciranju profilakse proti klamidijskim in gonokoknim okužbam oči prevladuje 1-odstotni Targezin, v hrvaških pa Eritromicin.
Zaključek. Staršem je treba ponuditi možnost oralne aplikacije vitamina K. Dobro bi bilo spregovoriti o lajšanju bolečine ob tovrstnem posegu ter hkrati starše spodbuditi, da pisno in informirano privolijo v poseg. Naloga zdravstvenih delavcev je, da družini v prvih urah po porodu zagotovijo intimnost ter v tem času poskusijo odložiti rutinske postopke. Za slednje pa so potrebne dodatne raziskave, saj lahko kasnejša administracija vodi v manjšo učinkovitost profilakse in hkrati zmanjšuje varnost novorojenčkov
Introduction: The aim of this retrospective study was to examine the rates of perineal tears during childbirth in Slovenian maternity hospitals in the period from 2013 to 2015. Methods: A causal ...non-experimental method of quantitative empirical approach was conducted. Data were pooled from the Slovenian National Perinatal Information System and analysed for the period of 2013 to 2015. Data analysis was performed with the use of frequency distribution of attributive variables and the basic descriptive statistics of numerical variables. Results: The incidence of perineal trauma during childbirth in all the 14 maternity hospitals varies from the "perineum without injury" to the "fourth degree perineal tear". Overall, 26.1 % of women sustained a first degree perineal tear, whereas 4.8 % of women had a second degree perineal tear. Severe perineal trauma included 0.8 % of third degree tears and 0.1 % of fourth degree tears. Discussion and conclusion: Perineal trauma varies between Slovenian maternity hospitals. Women who have sustained tears that cut into their bowels may face serious health problems and should be given relevant advice regarding the state of their pelvic floor after childbirth. It is of great importance to appropriately recognise the severity of the perineal trauma. Moreover, health professionals should be familiar with the perineal trauma classification and the factors that may cause the perineum to tear during childbirth.
Uvod: Očetje se pogosto vključujejo v porodni proces v vlogi spremljevalcev svojih partnerk ob porodu. Veliko očetov si želi biti prisotnih pri porodu svojega otroka, vendar si pogosto ne ...predstavljajo svoje vloge v porodni sobi. Namen raziskave je bil raziskati izkušnje partnerjev s prisotnostjo pri porodu. Metode: Raziskava temelji na kvalitativni metodologiji. Vzorec zajema pet očetov, starih med 25 in 35 let, ki so imeli za seboj vsaj dve porodni izkušnji. Podatki so bili pridobljeni s pomočjo delno strukturiranih intervjujev in analizirani s pomočjo metode analize vsebine. Rezultati: Za očete je bila prisotnost pri rojstvu njihovega otroka ena izmed najlepših izkušenj v njihovem življenju. Kljub temu da so jo opredelili kot stresno, je bila hkrati zanje pozitivna in polna intenzivnih občutij. Občutili so vznemirjenje, pričakovanje, strah, zaskrbljenost, srečo, veselje, olajšanje ter ponos. Nekateri očetje so bili s strani babice in ostalega zdravstvenega osebja v porodno dogajanje vključeni bolj aktivno, drugi manj. Diskusija in zaključek: Očetje si želijo biti s strani babice in ostalega zdravstvenega osebja obravnavani spoštljivo in kot enakovreden del para, ki se mu rojeva otrok. Priložnosti nadaljnjega raziskovanja se kažejo v proučevanju povezave med prisotnostjo pri porodu ter družinsko in partnersko dinamiko, pa tudi v izkušnjah babic s prisotnostjo očetov v porodnih sobah.
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