This study examined two second-generation Muslim youth clubs in the city of Ottawa. First-generation mosques and community centres have ample space for youth. Still, as a form of defiance against ...their parents, these youth have created youth clubs outside of Ottawa’s residential areas. The clubs had devised an original form of ‘fun’ for themselves, which, despite being ‘halal’, was not approved by their parents and thus represented a form of resistance against them. These youth clubs have exacerbated tensions within the Muslim community in Canada. This article contends that a Muslim youth subculture is emerging among second-generation immigrants, which is consistent with aspects of the Birmingham School and post-subcultural theories. Steve Redhead argues that today’s youth continue to resist not through style but by ‘lengthy clubbing’. A total of 26 young women and men were interviewed alongside 10 months of fieldwork.
Recently, enormous datasets have made power dissipation and area usage lie at the heart of designs for artificial neural networks (ANNs). Considering the significant role of activation functions in ...neurons and the growth of hardware-based neural networks like memristive neural networks, this work proposes a novel design for a hyperbolic tangent activation function (Tanh) to be used in memristive-based neuromorphic architectures. The purpose of implementing a CMOS-based design for Tanh is to decrease power dissipation and area usage. This design also increases the overall speed of computation in ANNs, while keeping the accuracy in an acceptable range. The proposed design is one of the first analog designs for the hyperbolic tangent and its performance is analyzed by using two well-known datsets, including the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) and Fashion-MNIST. The direct implementation of the proposed design for Tanh is proposed and investigated via software and hardware modeling.
Digital-enabled manufacturing systems require a high level of automation for fast and low-cost production but should also present flexibility and adaptiveness to varying and dynamic conditions in ...their environment, including the presence of human beings; however, this presence of workers in the shared workspace with robots decreases the productivity, as the robot is not aware about the human position and intention, which leads to concerns about human safety. This issue is addressed in this work by designing a reliable safety monitoring system for collaborative robots (cobots). The main idea here is to significantly enhance safety using a combination of recognition of human actions using visual perception and at the same time interpreting physical human-robot contact by tactile perception. Two datasets containing contact and vision data are collected by using different volunteers. The action recognition system classifies human actions using the skeleton representation of the latter when entering the shared workspace and the contact detection system distinguishes between intentional and incidental interactions if physical contact between human and cobot takes place. Two different deep learning networks are used for human action recognition and contact detection, which in combination, are expected to lead to the enhancement of human safety and an increase in the level of cobot perception about human intentions. The results show a promising path for future AI-driven solutions in safe and productive human-robot collaboration (HRC) in industrial automation.
We study Gröbner degenerations of Grassmannians and the Schubert varieties inside them. We provide a family of binomial ideals whose combinatorics is governed by matching field tableaux in the sense ...of Sturmfels and Zelevinsky in 31. We prove that these ideals are all quadratically generated and they yield a SAGBI basis of the Plücker algebra. This leads to a new family of toric degenerations of Grassmannians. Moreover, we apply our results to construct a family of Gröbner degenerations of Schubert varieties inside Grassmannians. We provide a complete characterization of toric ideals among these degenerations in terms of the combinatorics of matching fields, permutations and semi-standard tableaux.
Multi and extensively drug-resistant (MDR and XDR), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) are two main causative agents of nosocomial infections leading to ...increased morbidity and mortality. We aim to study the prevalence of MDR and XDR-A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa phenotypes in clinical specimens. We conducted this for 1 year (2017-2018) and isolated bacteria from the clinical samples. Then, XDR and MDR strains were determined by susceptibility testing (disc diffusion).
Out of 3248 clinical samples, A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa strains were detected in 309(9.51%) of them. Susceptibility testing indicated that (16.50%) and (15.53%) of the P. aeruginosa and (74.75%) and (73.13%) of the A. baumannii isolates were screened as the MDR and XDR strains. The frequency of MDR isolates was higher in wound samples 222 (71.8%). This rate in behavioral intensive care unit (BICU) and restoration ward, were 187 (60.5%) and 63 (20.4%). The frequency of XDR isolates in BICU 187 (59.54%), restoration 58(18.77%), and burns 30 (9.70%) were assessed as well. Considering high isolation rates of MDR and XDR of mentioned strains, it is necessary to apply prevention criteria for eradication of the mentioned bacteria from hospital wards.
We study Gröbner degenerations of Schubert varieties inside flag varieties. We consider toric degenerations of flag varieties induced by matching fields and semi-standard Young tableaux. We describe ...an analogue of matching field ideals for Schubert varieties inside the flag variety and give a complete characterization of toric ideals among them. We use a combinatorial approach to standard monomial theory to show that block diagonal matching fields give rise to toric degenerations. Our methods and results use the combinatorics of permutations associated to Schubert varieties, matching fields and their corresponding tableaux.
The current study sought to examine attachment styles as mediators between intimate partner violence (IPV) and stress coping styles among Iranian women. Data were collected from September to December ...2020. The study population was composed of 102 women who were referred to Social Emergency Centers in Isfahan and affected by domestic violence. They were given self-report questionnaires to measure IPV (the Haj-Yahia Violence Questionnaire), Stress Coping Styles (CISS), and Attachment Styles (AAQ). Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships. Sexual IPV victimization was related to both avoidant attachment (β = .229,
= .015) and anxious attachment (β = .245,
= .008). Anxious attachment style was related to emotion-oriented coping (β = .437,
= .000). There was a negative relationship between avoidant attachment and anxious attachment (β = -.237,
= .032) with avoidance-oriented coping. Sexual IPV victimization and economic IPV victimization were associated with avoidance-oriented coping (β = -.225,
= 0.816,
= .015; β = .188,
= 0.816,
= .044). Women who had experienced IPV and had an insecure attachment style were more likely to utilize avoidance and emotional coping strategies. For women who had a secure attachment style, there was no association was found between IPV victimization and coping styles. Attachment styles may influence the relationship between IPV and coping strategies in Iranian women who have experienced violence.
We present families of tableaux which interpolate between the classical semi-standard Young tableaux and matching field tableaux. Algebraically, this corresponds to SAGBI bases of Plücker algebras. ...We show that each such family of tableaux leads to a toric ideal, that can be realized as initial of the Plücker ideal, hence a toric degeneration for the flag variety.
Any totally positive
(
k
+
m
)
×
n
matrix induces a map
π
+
from the positive Grassmannian
Gr
+
(
k
,
n
)
to the Grassmannian
Gr
(
k
,
k
+
m
)
, whose image is the
amplituhedron
A
n
,
k
,
m
and is ...endowed with a top-degree form called the
canonical form
Ω
(
A
n
,
k
,
m
)
. This construction was introduced by Arkani-Hamed and Trnka (J High Energy Phys 2014(10):30, 2014), where they showed that
Ω
(
A
n
,
k
,
4
)
encodes scattering amplitudes in
N
=
4
super Yang-Mills theory. One way to compute
Ω
(
A
n
,
k
,
m
)
is to subdivide
A
n
,
k
,
m
into so-called generalized triangles and sum over their associated canonical forms. Hence, the physical computation of scattering amplitudes is reduced to finding the triangulations of
A
n
,
k
,
4
. However, while triangulations of polytopes are fully captured by their secondary and fiber polytopes (Billera and Sturmfels in Ann Math 527–549, 1992; Gelfand et al. in Discriminants, resultants, and multidimensional determinants, Birkahuser, Boston, 1994), the study of triangulations of objects beyond polytopes is still underdeveloped. In this work, we initiate the geometric study of subdivisions of
A
n
,
k
,
m
in order to establish the notion of
secondary amplituhedron
. For this purpose, we first extend the projection
π
+
to a rational map
π
:
G
r
(
k
,
n
)
⤏
G
r
(
k
,
k
+
m
)
and provide a concrete birational parametrization of the fibers of
π
. We then use this to explicitly describe a rational top-degree form
ω
n
,
k
,
m
(with simple poles) on the fibers and compute
Ω
(
A
n
,
k
,
m
)
as a summation of certain residues of
ω
n
,
k
,
m
. As main application of our approach, we develop a well-structured notion of secondary amplituhedra for conjugate to polytopes, i.e. when
n
-
k
-
1
=
m
(even). We show that, in this case, each fiber of
π
is parametrized by a projective space and its volume form
ω
n
,
k
,
m
has only poles on a hyperplane arrangement. Using such linear structures, for amplituhedra which are cyclic polytopes or conjugate to polytopes, we show that the
Jeffrey–Kirwan residue
computes
Ω
(
A
n
,
k
,
m
)
from the fiber volume form
ω
n
,
k
,
m
. In particular, we give conceptual proofs of the statements of Ferro et al. (J Phys A Math Theor 52(4):045201, 2018). Finally, we propose a more general framework of
fiber positive geometries
and analyze new families of examples such as fiber polytopes and Grassmann polytopes.
Matching fields were introduced by Sturmfels and Zelevinsky to study certain Newton polytopes, and more recently have been shown to give rise to toric degenerations of various families of varieties. ...Whenever a matching field gives rise to a toric degeneration, the associated polytope of the toric variety coincides with the matching field polytope. We study combinatorial mutations, which are analogues of cluster mutations for polytopes, of matching field polytopes and show that the property of giving rise to a toric degeneration of the Grassmannians, is preserved by mutation. Moreover, the polytopes arising through mutations are Newton-Okounkov bodies for the Grassmannians with respect to certain full-rank valuations. We produce a large family of such polytopes, extending the family of so-called block diagonal matching fields.
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