Intense beams of micro-particles, each attached with approximately 1.1 × 107 electrons, were generated repeatedly. The particle was a spherical divinyl benzene polymer of 10 µm diameter, coated with ...450 Å thick gold. More than 5000 charged particles were extracted outside in 0.5 s using an assembly composed of a reservoir, a helicoid conveyer, an oscillating sawtoothed plate and a charging section of a high electric field.
In order to test extended MHD models experimentally, we develop a new linear machine in which pure ion and electron plasmas are not only produced separately but also trapped simultaneously. At the ...first series of experiments, both lithium ion and electron plasmas are successfully confined at the same time. Values of density of those plasmas are in each range of critical values where ion and electron fluids could keep their own motions independently as a two-fluid plasma.
The rearrangement of neural networks associated with the behavioural sensitization and tolerance induced by psychostimulants is poorly understood. We have investigated the effects of repeated ...administration of methamphetamine (chronic MAP), which induces behavioural sensitization, or morphine (chronic morphine), which induces tolerance to its antinociceptive effect, on the mRNA levels of neural network-related genes in the rat brain. A gene of special interest was that for neuroglycan C (NGC), a neural tissue-specific transmembrane chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan. Single MAP (acute MAP) administration significantly decreased NGC mRNA levels in the frontal cortex, ventral tegmental area (VTA), and amygdala compared to vehicle-treated groups. Repeated MAP (chronic MAP) administration significantly increased NGC mRNA levels in the frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens (NAc), striatum, hippocampus, VTA, and amygdala compared to acute MAP treatment. Single morphine (acute morphine) administration significantly increased NGC mRNA levels in the NAc, striatum, hippocampus, VTA, and amygdala compared to vehicle-treated groups. Chronic morphine administration significantly decreased NGC mRNA levels in the NAc, striatum, VTA, and amygdala compared to acute treatment. In addition, the NGC protein level in the NAc was increased after chronic MAP and acute morphine treatment. Dopamine and opioid receptor antagonists attenuated the effect of MAP and morphine respectively on NGC mRNA levels. These results suggest that the sensitization to MAP is associated with up-regulation of NGC gene expression, while the tolerance to the morphine-induced analgesic effect is associated with the down-regulation of NGC gene expression.
The
m = 1 diocotron mode frequency
f
d of spheroidal electron plasmas formed in a train of many ring electrodes has been found to approach the value for a cylindrical plasma in a conducting wall as ...the aspect ratio α increased. For small α and total charge,
f
d became closer to the (ℓ = 1,
m = 1) the mode frequency for the case of a free boundary.
A project to cool highly charged ions (HCIs) with positron and electron cooling techniques is under way. Trapped 1010 electrons and 107 positrons in a multi-ring trap are used as energy absorbers for ...HCIs. The detail of the cooling procedure is reviewed.
In order to test extended MHD models experimentally, we develop a new linear machine in which pure ion and electron plasmas are not only produced separately but also trapped simultaneously. At the ...first series of experiments, both lithium ion and electron plasmas are successfully confined at the same time. Values of density of those plasmas are in each range of critical values where ion and electron fluids could keep their own motions independently as a two-fluid plasma.
ASACUSA collaboration has been making a path to realize high precision microwave spectroscopy of ground-state hyperfine transitions of antihydrogen atom in flight for stringent test of the
CPT
...symmetry. Recently, we have succeeded in synthesizing our first cold antihydrogen atoms employing a CUSP trap. It is expected that synthesized antihydrogen atoms in the low-field-seeking states are preferentially focused along the cusp magnetic field axis whereas those in the high-field-seeking states are not focused, resulting in the formation of a spin-polarized antihydrogen beam. We report the recent results of antihydrogen atom synthesis and beam production developed with the CUSP trap.
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