Cilj: Cilj rada bio je utvrditi učestalost pušenja cigareta među adolescentima u javnim školama Distrikta Brčko u odnosu prema spolu, dobi i mjestu stanovanja. Ispitanici i metode: U presječnoj ...studiji, zasnovanoj na ESPAD-ovu upitniku (European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs) prilagođenom ovom istraživanju, sudjelovalo je 4188 ispitanika osnovnih i srednjih škola. Podaci su prikupljani s pomoću upitnika pripremljenih za svakog ispitanika. Rezultati: Značajno je manji broj ispitanika koji puše nego onih koji ne puše cigarete (p < 0,001), dok s obzirom na spol češće puše adolescenti od adolescentica (p = 0,012). U odnosu prema mjestu stanovanja utvrđeno je da značajno veći broj ispitanika sa sela puši cigarete od onih iz grada (p < 0,001). Više od polovice ispitanika koji puše, neovisno o spolu, popušilo je prvu cigaretu u dobi do 13. godine. Do te dobi adolescenti počinju pušiti češće nego adolescentice (p < 0,001). U dobi od 15 i 16 godina adolescentice počinju pušiti češće nego adolescenti (p < 0,001). Svaki drugi ispitanik koji je pušio cigarete, neovisno o mjestu stanovanja, činio je to u dobi do 13. godine, s tim što su u toj dobi češće pušili ispitanici sa sela (p < 0,001). Od 895 ispitanika koji su pušili u posljednjih 30 dana njih 259 ili 30,3% pušilo je samo jednu cigaretu na tjedan, 1 – 5 cigareta na dan pušila su 162 ili 18,1%, 168 ili 18,8% ispitanika pušilo je 6 – 10 cigareta na dan, 11 – 20 cigareta na dan puši 146 ili 16,3%, a svakodnevno puši 160 ili 17,9% ispitanika. Zaključak: Iako je 42,8% ispitanika koji su bilo kada pušili cigarete statistički značajno manje od 57,2% ispitanika koji nisu pušili, taj broj zabrinjava s obzirom na to da je riječ o osjetljivoj populaciji i činjenici da je svaki drugi počeo pušiti već u dobi do 13. godine.
Abstract As multiple pregnancy is now considered to be an adverse event of an IVF procedure, reducing the multiple pregnancy rates has become the goal of many IVF centres. A large number of double ...blastocyst transfers in non-selected patients were performed in the author's institution over recent years, and a retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate if multiple pregnancy rates in such a population are still unacceptably high. In addition, the factors determining the birth of singletons or multiple births following the transfer of two blastocysts was analysed. The live-birth rate per cycle was 35.7%, and the multiple-birth rate was 44.2% of all births. When clinically important variables that performed significantly in univariate analysis were analysed in the multiple regression model, age was negatively correlated with singleton and multiple births, and the transfer of two optimal blastocysts was positively correlated. Based on these results, abandoning the transfer of two blastocysts at least in patients younger than 37 years is recommended, regardless of embryo quality, as even the transfer of two non-optimal blastocysts results in almost 20% multiple births.
Dornik et al examine the extent and rate of library borrowing in the period 2004-2010. Within the period from 2004 to 2010 the following libraries lended the greatest number of the journal copies: ...Faculty of Health Sciences, Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Maribor, College of Nursing Jesenice, university Library Maribor, Central Medical Library, university of Ljubljana. It was established that 91% of the borrowing fall into the first two years of the period studied, followed by the annual median drop in borrowing the Slovenian Nursing Review by 6.5% and the Journal of the Slovenian Nursing Association by 15.2 %. Both libraries noted a respective increase in 2007, namely, the Slovenian Nursing Review by 46.9% and the Journal of the Slovenian Nursing Association by 11.8%. Other libraries documented no change in the lending/borrowing rate of the journal.
Background. During the period between 1998 and 2002 Department for reproductive medicine, Maribor Teaching Hospital performed 31.1% of all cycles of assisted reproduction (ART) in Slovenia.Methods. ...Three different methods of ART (in vitro fertilization – IVF, intracytoplasmic sperm injection with ejaculated sperm – ICSI and testicular sperm TESA/TESE) were compared. Comparison of clinical results was also made between the period when up to 4 embrios were transferred and the period when up to 2 embrios were transferred.Results. During the five year period, pregnancy rate per started cycle was between 29.6% in 1998 and 36.4% in 2002. During the whole period, delivery rate per started cycle was higher than the mean average reported for European centers for the year 1999. The observed values were higher with the tendeny to slightly increase from 27.4% in 1998 to 30.8% in 2001.Conclusions. Clinical results of ART programme at Maribor Clinic for reproductive medicine in the observed five year period over the period 1998–2002 were superior to the last results published by the European register of ART.
Background. The aim of our study was to analyse the results of ICSI procedure with respect to the number of embryos transferred 3 or 5 days after fertilization.Methods. The outcome of 1498 day 3 ...embryo transfers and 364 day 5 embryo (blastocyst) transfers was analysed. The percentage of implanted embryos was compared with regard to the number and quality of embryos transferred. Differences in pregnancy rate between the groups were established with the chi-square test.Results. Implantation occurred in 21.3% (320/1498) of embryos transferred to the uterus on day 3 post fertilization. In the transfer of one, two, three or four embryos, the pregnancy rate increased from 20.0% to 22.1%, 54.5% and 59.0% respectively. In the group with one or two embryos for transfer, the pregnancy rate did not change statistically significantly in correlation with embryo quality. The twin pregnancy rate after the transfer of two good quality embryos was 66.6% (8/12). The presence of at least one good quality embryo among three or four embryos transferred had a statistically significant effect on the singleton pregnancy rate (37.8% and 41.3%). The rate of multiple pregnancies remained low (18.1% and 16.6%). Increasing the percentage of good quality embryos for transfer to three or four had a greater effect on the percentage of multiple implantations (43.1% and 54.5%) than on the pregnancy rate (55.5% and 75.8%). After the transfer of 5-day-old embryos (blastocysts), implantation occurred in 37.3% (136/364) of embryos. After the transfer of one blastocyst, the pregnancy rate was 36.2% (21/58), after the transfer of two blastocysts it was 55.7% (98/176). The twin pregnancy rate after the transfer of two blastocysts amounted to 38.7%.Conclusions. The transfer of blastocyst stage embryos results in a statistically significant increase in the success of the ICSI procedure. In the transfer of two blastocysts, the rate of twin pregnancies remains equally high as in the transfer of three good quality embryos on the third post fertilization day.
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION IN NATURAL CYCLE Milan Reljič; Veljko Vlaisavljević; Vida Gavrić ...
Zdravniški vestnik (Ljubljana, Slovenia : 1992),
12/2002, Letnik:
71
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Background. The aim of this study was to analyse the results of natural IVF/ICSI cycles and to find out which factors have an impact on the success of the cycle.Methods. 340 natural IVF/ICSI cycles ...in 162 infertile couples were analysed within a retrospective study. Cycles were divided in groups according to the cause of infertility and women’s age and pregnancy rates were compared. A t-test was used to obtain the different values of the variables between the cycles with pregnancies and cycles without pregnancies.Results. A premature ovulation occurred in 32 cases (9.41%), an oocyte was obtained in 244 cycles (79.2%), fertilization occurred in 175 cases (71.72%) and pregnancy in 41 cycles (the pregnancy rate per puncture = 13.31, per transfer = 25.31). The highest pregnancy rate per puncture was achieved in patients with idiopathic infertility (17.91) followed by male infertility with ICSI procedure (12.67) and female infertility (11.40%). Pregnancy rate per cycle was 13.42 in women below the age of 38 years, 8.11 in women between 38 and 40 years, and no pregnancy were achieved in women 40 and over years of age. There are statistically significant higher values of estradiol measured on the day of the HCG injection and later application of HCG in cycles that resulted in pregnancy than those which did not result in a pregnancy. There were no differences in the duration of infertility, the patients’ age, the average and maximum diameter of the follicle and the thickness of the endometrium on the day of the HCG injection as well as between the basal values of FSH and LH between the two groups.Conclusions. Satisfactory results are obtained with the natural IVF/ICSI cycles independent from the cause of infertility. A higher pregnancy rate per puncture is expected with higher levels of estradiol, a later application of HCG and in women below the age of 38 years.
Background. The aim of our study was to asses the success of the method of intrauterine insemination (IUI) and ovulation stimulation with clomiphene citrat compared to other techniques of assisted ...reproductive technology (AR).Methods. In retrograde, 533 cycles of IUI were analysed in 204 infertile couples. The success of IUI was compared according to the most common indications, the patients age and the successive cycle of IUI. The different values of the variables were compared using Pearson’s Chi-square test.Results. The overall pregnancy rate was 6.7%. The success was 2.35% in couples with a tubal cause of infertility (with one side tubal pathology), 12.12% in couples with male infertility only and 7.33% in couples with idiopathic infertility. The differences in the results of IUI between the age groups of female patients were not statistically significant.Conclusions. IUI is painless, noninvasive and less expensive method of AR and has therefore an important role for the treatment of infertility. IUI is suitable mainly for idiopathic infertility, some forms of male infertility and oligo – anovulations and if there are no contraindications we recommend it as treatment before IVF program.
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to test the influence of 2- and 5-day cultivation of a single oocyte on the pregnancy rate in a non-stimulated cycle. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 391 ...consecutive patients undergoing IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in unstimulated cycles was performed. The embryos were kept in MediCult universal IVF medium for day 2 transfers and in BlastAssist System for day 5 transfers. RESULTS: The oocyte recovery rate in the group for 2-day cultivation and in the group for 5-day cultivation was similar, being 79.4 (162/204) and 83.6% (154/187) respectively. The same is true of the fertilization rate (73.8 versus 77.7%). The blastulation rate was 52.8%. The embryo transfer rate per cycle was higher when day 2 embryos were transferred: 64.8% (105/162) compared with 35.7% (55/154) if blastocyst-stage embryos were transferred. The pregnancy rate per transferred embryo was higher when a blastocyst was transferred (40.0%) instead of a day 2 embryo (23.8%). CONCLUSION: The expected pregnancy rate calculated per embryo available on day 2 of cultivation was similar in both groups (23.8 versus 22.2%) and it was not affected by oocyte culture to the blastocyst stage.
Suicide is one of the causes of late mortality among childhood cancer survivors. The aim of our study was to analyse the risk of suicide among childhood cancer survivors compared with that of the ...general population of Slovenia.
This retrospective study included patients with childhood cancer registered at the Cancer Registry of Slovenia between 1978-2008, with an observation period of 1978-2010. Childhood cancer patients and control subjects from the general population of Slovenia were matched by sex, year and age at the beginning of follow-up and time of follow-up in years. Data on the general population of Slovenia were obtained from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia.
A total of 1647 patients were recorded in the Cancer Registry as having cancer during childhood, with 3 patients committing suicide. All three were male. Their age at diagnosis of cancer was 12, 13 and 2 years old; their age at suicide was 19, 32 and 28 years old. The mechanism of death was asphyxiation in all three deaths. The calculation of the expected number of suicides in the group of individuals with childhood cancer from the general Slovene population revealed the number of 3.16 persons.
The comparison of the observed and expected probability showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the suicide rate between childhood cancer survivors and the general population of Slovenia.
Oplodnja izvan tijela može se upotrijebiti u liječenju neplodnosti uzrokovane potpunom nepokretljivošću spermatozoida. Naravno, vjerojatnost za začeće nakon oplodnje spermatozoidom koji je slučajno ...odabran za injiciranje u citoplazmu jajne stanice (ICSI), prilično je nesigurna. U parova, u kojih u ejakulatu nalazimo samo nepokretne spermatozoide, hipoosmotski test nabreknuća repa spermatozoida hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test, upotrebljen je za selekciju vitalnih spermatozoida za ICSI. Materijal i metode. Potpuni izostanak pokretljivosti spermatozoida dijagnosticiran je kao glavni uzrok neplodnosti u 4 para. Među njima, kod dvojice muškaraca ustanovljen je poseban oblik potpune nepokretljivosti uzrokovan defektom ostatka repa. Od 10 hormonima stimuliranih ICSI ciklusa, u 6 ciklusa su spermatozoidi za ICSI izabirani nasumce bez HOS testa. U 4 pacijenta oprani spermatozoidi su inkubirani u hipoosmotskoj otopini i samo HOS pozitivni spermatozoidi (spermatozoidi s nabreklim repom), upotrebljeni su za ICSI. Rezultati. Od 6 ICSI ciklusa bez učinjene selekcije spermatozoida HOS testom, potpuni izostanak oplodnje zabilježen je u 3 ciklusa. U preostala 3 ciklusa samo 20,7% (6/29) jajnih stanica je oplođeno. U sva 4 ICSI ciklusa u kojima je pred njihovim injiciranjem za odabir spermatozoida upotrijebljen HOS test, stvoreni su zameci primjereni za prijenos u maternicu. Zabilježena je stopa oplodnje¬ jajnih stanica od 81,8% (18/22), a nakon prijenosa zametka zabilježena je implantacija dva zametka i rođenje jednog zdravog djeteta. Zaključak. U slučajevima potpune nepokretljivosti spermatozoida, čak i u pacijenata gdje je uzrok neplod¬nosti nedostatak struktura repa spermatozoida, možemo očekivati dobru stopu oplodnje i trudnoće nakon selekcije spermatozoida HOS testom.
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