Stenocereus queretaroensis fruits are endemic to Mexico. They have an excellent advantage in cultivation because they require little water and fertilizers. These plants do not require fungicides and ...herbicides, drastically reducing production costs. However, the nutritional contribution and potential health benefits of S. queretaroensis fruits are unknown. The physicochemical characterization, the content of bioactive compounds, and the antioxidant capacity (AOX) of four S. queretaroensis fruits (red, purple, yellow, and white) were evaluated. All fruits had a low sugar content (7.04–8.96%) and provided 4–5% dietary fiber. The purple and red fruits presented 19.7–20.29 mg/100 g fresh weight (fw) of total betalains, respectively, while the yellow fruit presented 9.21 mg/100 g fw of total carotenoids. The total soluble phenols were 54.86–62.14 mg/100 g fw. Flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic, and hydroxybenzoic acids were also found in all fruits in ascending order. The red fruit exhibited the highest AOX, followed by the yellow, purple, and white fruits. In conclusion, these fruits are a rich source of antioxidants and nutrients, highlighting that they provide 20% of daily consumption of dietary fiber and have a low caloric content. S. queretaroensis fruits, therefore, may have a high potential functionality, especially in people with diabetes and living with obesity.
A Mexican staple food prepared with corn “tortilla” (Zea mays L.) and common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is named as “taco”. It was fermented in an in vitro colonic Simulator of Human Microbial ...Ecosystem (SHIME®) to evaluate the effect in short chain fatty acids (SCFA), ammonia production, and the growth of total presumptive counts for anaerobic bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium spp., and total coliforms in the three simulated reactors of the human colon. After two weeks of stabilization, the simulator was fed during 9 days with the mixture of 50 g of beans and 50 g of tortilla mixed with 100 mL of carbohydrate based medium. Every third day, samples were collected from the three simulated colon vessels for the corresponding analysis. The production of the SCFA was higher during the treatment period than the basal period in the three colon sections. The acetate was produced in higher concentration (191.9 mmol/L) than propionate and butyrate (29.1 and 55.0 mmol). During the treatment period, the higher molar ratio (%) for acetate, propionate, and butyrate were 84: 14: 24, respectively. The ammonia ions as well as the growth of presumptive coliforms were reduced (p < 0.05) in the three simulated colon vessels during the treatment. Finally, in vitro fermentation of Mexican “taco” showed a possible potential functional profile of an ancestral staple food due to the production of SCFA that may exert beneficial effects.
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•Corn tortilla and common beans known as “taco” was evaluated in a SHIME® system.•The SCFAs production was higher during treatment period than basal period.•Molar ratio for acetic, propionic, and butyric was 55.04: 13.30: 31.65 respectively.•Ammonia ions were reduced 91% during treatment•Mexican “taco” showed a potential functional profile of an ancestral staple food.
Mango by-products (peel and paste) are a source of carotenoids, but their bioaccessibility (BA) can be limited by dietary fiber (DF), since it retains these compounds within its structure. The aim of ...this study was to evaluate the influence of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) on the BA of carotenoids by an in vitro digestion model. The β-cryptoxanthin (βCr) content (3.59 ± 0.43mg/g DW) in UAE-peel was higher than that in Control-peel (0.66 ± 0.03mg/g DW). The β-carotene (βC) content in UAE-peel and UAE-paste was higher than that in Control-peel and Control-paste. The %BA in the UAE-peel improved by 46.93%, 35.21% and 32.62% for βCr, Lutein (Lut), and βC, respectively, compared to that in the Control-peel, and in the UAE-paste, the treatment improved the %BA for Lut, βCr, and βC by 46.04%, 44.16%, and 44.01% respectively, compared with that of the Control-paste. A high percentage of non-bioaccessible βC was shown for the Control-peel (79.48%) and Control-paste (70.41%), and the percentage was lower in the UAE samples. The released carotenoids were quantified in a kinetic model, and β-Cr, Lut, and βC were effectively released in mango UAE-peel. The constant release rate, k, did not show significant differences in both samples. A 2-parameter non-linear regression model was the best fit for the release kinetics. The use of UAE on in vitro digestion conditions noticeably improved the bioaccessibility of carotenoids in mango by-products.
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•Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) improved carotenoids yield in Mango by-product.•βCr from UAE-peel was the most bioaccessible with 46.93%.•UAE-paste increased the bioaccessibility of carotenoids during digestion.•β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and β-carotene were effectively released in mango UAE-peel.
Mixed oxide nanoparticles (MONs, TiO2–ZnO–MgO) obtained by the sol-gel method were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, (TEM, HRTEM, and SAED) and thermogravimetric analysis ...(TGA/DTGA–DTA). Furthermore, the effect of MONs on microbial growth (growth profiling curve, lethal and sublethal effect) of Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, as well as the toxicity against Artemia salina by the lethal concentration test (LC50) were evaluated. MONs exhibited a near-spherical in shape, polycrystalline structure and mean sizes from 17 to 23 nm. The thermal analysis revealed that the anatase phase of MONs is completed around 480–500 °C. The normal growth of all bacteria tested is affected by the MONs presence compared with the control group. MONs also exhibited a reduction on the plate count from 0.58 to 2.10 log CFU/mL with a sublethal cell injury from 17 to 98%. No significant toxicity within 24 h was observed on A. salina. A bacteriostatic effect of MONs on bacteria was evidenced, which was strongly influenced by the type of bacteria, as well as no toxic effects (LC50 >1000 mg/L; TiO2–ZnO (5%)–MgO (5%)) on A. salina were detected. This study demonstrates the potential of MONs for industrial applications.
In the present study, the antifungal activity of metabolites produced by Bacillus atrophaeus B5 and a new Brevibacterium strain against Alternaria alternata was evaluated. Assays in vitro and in vivo ...on tomato fruit during postharvest were made. Based on the 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis, the new strain (strain B7) was identified as Brevibacterium frigoritolerans. Metabolites produced by both bacterial strains reduced the spore germination of A. alternata in vitro and decreased the severity of the alternaria rot disease on tomato fruit during postharvest. This is the first report that demonstrates the potential of B. frigoritolerans B7 as a biocontrol agent against this fungal phytopathogen. The use of metabolites produced by B. atrophaeus B5 and B. frigoritolerans B7 represents a new approach to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and control fungal decay during the postharvest stage.
This research aimed to develop nanosuspensions as carriers of Annona muricata acetogenins (ACGs) using different concentrations of soy lecithin (SL), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and the ...dispersion method (low agitation, middle agitation and ultrasound) on particle size and polydispersity index (PDI). A response surface analysis was performed to find an optimized, validated and characterized nanosuspension (OβCDSL-ACGs-NSps) and to measure its antibacterial activity. The best conditions to formulate OβCDSL-ACGs-NSps with spherical nanoparticles (133.77 nm), PDI (0.20) and good stability (−37 mV) were 10 mg/mL SL, 0.16% βCD and ultrasound as a dispersion method. Nanoparticles from OβCDSL-ACGs-NSps exhibited a high entrapment (85.33%) and encapsulation efficiency (56.09%). The highest release (84.15%) of ACGs was observed until 36 h. OβCDSL-ACGs-NSps also showed significant antibacterial inhibition against E. faecalis (87%) and L. monocytogenes (75%) at 320 µg/mL. βCDSL-ACGs-NSps is an attractive and promising alternative to improve the solubility and bioavailability of ACGs in pharmaceutical applications.
The aim of this work was to evaluate and study the specific proteolytic activity, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory capacity of proteolytic extracts obtained from peel and seeds of Bromelia pinguin ...and Bromelia karatas, as well as the effect of encapsulation on these properties. Proteolytic extracts of by-products from B. pinguin and from B. karatas with high specific proteolytic activity were encapsulated by electrospraying with agave fructans with a high degree of polymerization. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of the capsule was analyzed in addition to its photostability. Encapsulation efficiency was assessed using scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry in the capsules of B. pinguin peel extracts with its high specific proteolytic activity. The antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory capacity decreases when the extract was encapsulated, showing stability during storage. With regard to the photostability of the capsules, the high degree polymerization agave fructans protected the compounds. The micrographs show capsules with spherical and smooth morphology, the encapsulation efficiency was 97%, and the glass transition temperature of the capsule was 160.5 °C. These results open a window of possibilities in which the use of these encapsulated by-products can be considered in the food industry as well as in the pharmaceutical industry.
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•Proteases of by-products of Bromelias are stabilized by electrospraying.•These proteases are stables and have proteolytic activity at low concentrations.•These proteases have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities at low concentrations.
Since the fruits of
and
are rich in proteases, the aim of this research was to optimize the hydrolysis process of cooked white shrimp by-products due to the effect of these proteases. A robust ...Taguchi L
design was used to optimize the hydrolysis process. Similarly, the amino acid profile by GC-MS and antioxidant capacity (ABTS and FRAP) were determined. The optimal conditions for hydrolysis of cooked shrimp by-products were pH 8.0, 30 °C, 0.5 h, 1 g of substrate and 100 µg/mL of
, pH 7.5, 40 °C, 0.5 h, 0.5 g substrate and 100 µg/mL enzyme extract from
and pH 7.0, 37 °C, 1 h, 1.5 g substrate and 100 µg/mL enzyme bromelain. The optimized hydrolyzates of
and bromelain had 8 essential amino acids in their composition. The evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of the hydrolyzates under optimal conditions showed more than 80% inhibition of in ABTS radical,
hydrolyzates had better higher ferric ion reduction capacity with 10.09 ± 0.02 mM TE/mL. Finally, the use of proteolytic extracts from
and
to optimize hydrolysis process allowed obtaining hydrolyzates of cooked shrimp by-products with potential antioxidant capacity.
In recent years, a strong interest has emerged in polysaccharide-hybrid composites and their potential applications, which have interesting functional and technological properties. This review ...summarizes and discusses the reported advantages and limitations of the functionalization of conventional and nonconventional polysaccharides by adding TiO2 nanoparticles as a reinforcement agent. Their effects on the mechanical, thermal, and UV-barrier properties as well as their water-resistance are discussed. In general, the polysaccharide–TiO2 hybrid materials showed improved physicochemical properties in a TiO2 content-dependent response. It showed antimicrobial activity against bacteria (gram-negative and gram-positive), yeasts, and molds with enhanced UV-protective effects for food and non-food packaging purposes. The reported applications of functionalized polysaccharide–TiO2 composites include photocatalysts (dye removal from aqueous media and water purification), biomedical (wound-healing material, drug delivery systems, biosensor, and tissue engineering), food preservation (fruits and meat), cosmetics (sunscreen and bleaching tooth treatment), textile (cotton fabric self-cleaning), and dye-sensitized solar cells. Furthermore, the polysaccharide–TiO2 showed high biocompatibility without adverse effects on different cell lines, indicating that their use in food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications is safe. However, it is necessary to evaluate the structural changes promoted by the storage conditions (time and temperature) on the physicochemical properties of polysaccharide–TiO2 hybrid composites to guarantee their stability during a determined time.
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