The sustainability challenges associated with utilizing forage fish sourced from ocean catch as fish meal and fish oil in the aquaculture industry has increased the demand for alternative feeds. ...Previous research indicates that Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL;
Hermetia illucens
) can partially replace fish meal and/or fish oil in the diets of farmed aquaculture species without compromising fish growth or efficiency. The objective of our study was to identify the amount of pelagic fish from ocean catch that could be spared from fish meal and fish oil production by integrating BSFL in the diets of three aquaculture species, Atlantic Salmon (
Salmo salar
), Rainbow Trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss
), and Whiteleg Shrimp (
Litopenaeus vannamei
) in the United States. Annual output for these aquaculture species was collected for 2017–2019. For each specie, we calculated the total metric tons (MT) of spared pelagic fish, by taxa, from fish meal and fish oil production based on total lifetime food intake and dietary replacement rates of fish meal and fish oil by BSFL as established in previous literature. At the highest level of dietary BSFL substitution for fish meal and/or fish oil that did not sacrifice performance of the three aquaculture species, 40,843 MT of pelagic fish could be spared from ocean catch in the U.S. per year. Therefore, integrating BSFL in the diets of aquaculture species could reduce the demand for pelagic fish sourced from ocean catch and positively contribute to the sustainability of aquaculture production.
The synthesis, X-ray structure, solution stability, and photophysical properties of Eu(III) complexes with pyrazine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H(2)PYZ) are reported, and compared to structurally ...analogous complexes with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H(2)DPA). The Eu(PYZ)(3)(3-) complex demonstrates highly efficient metal-centered Eu(III) luminescence in the solid state (Φ(total) ∼ 60.9%). In aqueous solution, moderate stability is retained at pH 7.4 (pEu ∼ 10.5), although hydrolysis of the complex anion becomes competitive below mM concentrations, and the observed luminescence intensity from the Eu(III) metal ion is reduced as a result. A complete evaluation of the thermodynamic solution stability has allowed the observed differences in the solution behaviour luminescence properties of these complexes to be rationalized. An analysis of their luminescence behaviour in the solid state has also allowed a direct comparison of the sensitisation behaviour for these isostructural compounds.
Ho ho ho! Characteristic visible and near‐infrared (NIR) emission bands of the PrIII and HoIII complexes of the tetradentate 1‐methyl‐3‐hydroxypyridin‐2‐one chromophore are observed in aqueous ...solution. The HoIII complex has been structurally characterized and, for the first time for a HoIII complex, the kinetics of the luminescence decay in the NIR region have been determined in solution.
The hetero-Pacman architecture places two different metal coordination sites in close proximity, which can support efficient energy and/or electron transfer and allow for cooperative activation of ...small molecules. Here, the synthesis of dyads consisting of a porphyrin unit as photosensitizer and a rhenium unit as catalytically active site, which are held together by the rigid xanthene backbone, is presented. Mononuclear (NN)Re(CO)
(Cl) complexes for CO
reduction in which NN represents a bidentate diimine ligand (e.g., bipyridine or phenanthroline) lack light absorption in the visible region, resulting in poor photocatalysis upon illumination with visible light. To improve their visible-light absorption, we have focused on the incorporation of a strongly absorbing free base or zinc porphyrin unit. Resulting photocatalytic experiments showed a strong dependence of the catalytic performance on both the type of photosensitizer and the excitation wavelengths. Most notably, the intramolecular hetero-Pacman system containing a zinc porphyrin unit showed much better catalytic activity in the visible region (excitation wavelengths >450 nm) than the free base porphyrin version or the corresponding mononuclear rhenium compound or an intermolecular system comprised of a 1:1 mixture of the mononuclear analogues.
Bubbles and Experience: An Experiment Dufwenberg, Martin; Tobias Lindqvist; Evan Moore
The American economic review,
12/2005, Letnik:
95, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We investigate the occurrence of bubble-crash pricing patterns in laboratory financial markets with a mixture of experienced and inexperienced traders. We find that even with a minority of ...experienced traders, bubbles are substantially abated.
External quantum efficiency (EQE) roll‐off under high current injection has been one of the major limiting factors toward the development of organic semiconductor laser diodes (OSLDs). While ...significant progress in this regard has been made on organic semiconductors (OSCs) emitting in the blue–green region of the visible spectrum, OSCs with longer wavelength emission (>600 nm) have fallen behind in both material development and the advancement in device architectures suitable for the realization of OSLDs. Therefore, to make simultaneous incremental advancements, a host–guest system comprising of a high performing poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) polymer and an efficient small molecule laser dye, dithiophenyl diketopyrrolopyrrole (DT‐DPP), is used. This combination provides an extremely low amplified spontaneous emission threshold of 4.2 µJ cm−2 at an emission wavelength of 620 nm. The solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated using this system exhibit a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2.6% with low efficiency roll‐off and high current injection up to 90 A cm−2 to yield ultrahigh luminance of over 1.5 million cd m−2.
A new strategy to demonstrate simultaneous advancement in light amplification and electroluminescent characteristics of a red‐emitting organic laser dye, DT‐DPP, is successfully utilized. The strategy amalgamates the best of both the host and the guest material efficiently into one system and provides an important advancement for the future development of organic injection laser.
An asymmetric ‘Pacman’ metalloligand, Zn(PXT), which features a cofacial ZnII–porphyrin unit (P) covalently attached to a terpyridine (T) chelating group via a rigid xanthene (X) moiety has been ...prepared, and its interactions with several different trivalent LnIII cations (NdIII, GdIII, YbIII and LuIII) have been examined. The formation of 1:1 metal–ligand complexes was monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy and corroborated by HRMS data. Solution‐stability constants were determined by UV/Vis titration, and the resulting complexes with NdIII or YbIII demonstrated sensitised emission in the NIR region due to energy transfer from the ZnII–porphyrin donor to LnIII acceptor. The energy transfer was investigated by transient absorption techniques, which provided insight into the kinetics and efficiency of the antenna effect.
Keep it close: A cofacial ‘Pacman’ metalloligand has been used as a platform to study sensitised lanthanide luminescence in the NIR region. The 1:1 complexes have been fully characterised in solution and the kinetics of the energy transfer from the porphyrin donor to lanthanide acceptor have been evaluated by ultrafast spectroscopy.
A visible light absorbing RuII(tpy)22+-type chromophore appended with a dipicolinic acid LnIII chelator has been prepared and complexed with several differing lanthanide cations to form the ...corresponding heterobimetallic d-f assemblies. The subseqent solution speciation analysed by 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed an unexpected decrease in the LnIII chelate complex stability, in particular for the 1 : 3 complex, when compared to the parent dipicolinic acid. As a result, the desired Ln(ML)3 complexes could not be isolated, and the 1 : 1 LnIII-ML complexes were instead characterised and investigated using steady state absorption and emission spectroscopy. Sensitised NIR emission from the YbIII, NdIII and ErIII complexes was observed upon 1MLCT excitation of the RuII based metalloligand in the visible region at ca. 485 nm. Investigations using transient absorption spectroscopy revealed essentially quantitative intersystem crossing to form the 3MLCT excited state, as expected, which then acts as the energy donor for the metalloligand based antennae effect, facilitating sensitisation efficiencies of 4.8, 17.0 and 37.4% respectively for the YbIII, ErIII and NdIII cations.
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