A sub-national economic complexity analysis of Australia's states and territories. Regional Studies. This paper applies economic complexity analysis to the Australian sub-national economy (nine ...regions with 506 exported goods and services). Using a 2009 Australian multi-regional input-output table for base data, we determine the number of export goods or services in which each state and territory has a revealed comparative advantage, and visualize the complexity of Australia's interstate and international exports. We find that small differences in industrial capability and knowledge are crucial to relative complexity. The majority of states (especially Western Australia) export primarily resource-intensive goods, yet interstate trade has many complex products that are not currently internationally exported.
Marine scalefish fisheries face multiple challenges including management and sustainability pressures. These are going to be amplified by climate change. This paper reports on a project that used the ...Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and semi-structured interviews to assess how marine scalefish fishers in South Australia, prioritise management objectives with a view to incorporating those views into structural industry reform to build the fishery's capacity to adapt in the face of these challenges. The project found that fishers, despite differences in geographical scale, fishing practice and species harvested, prioritised governance objectives most highly, and that economic and environmental objectives were prioritised as key and equally important; one could not exist without the other. Fishers prioritised social objectives the least as they expect these to follow from the economic and environmental objectives. Fishers also felt stocks had declined and that reform was urgently needed. Most fishers agreed that reform should include a reduction in licences. All fishers felt that recreational fishing was under-regulated and compromised commercial fishing opportunities. The project revealed that the capacity of fishers to adapt within the current operating environment is limited and that they will need government and other support to implement reform. For policy makers, this highlights that reform is culturally palatable but that it must include incentives and compensation for fishers to leave or stay in the industry.
•Analytical Hierarchy Process and semi-structured interviews used for consultation.•Fishers prioritised governance objectives most highly.•Economic and environmental objectives were ranked as equally important.•Social objectives, contrary to expectation ranked as lowest priority.•Culturally palatable management is needed to build adaptive capacity of fishers.
ABSTRACT
This study investigated consumer behavior towards meat across Asia and Pacific‐Rim countries. Mail surveys were undertaken in 1994 and 1995. Data was obtained from 6197 households in Japan, ...the USA (mainland and Japanese–Americans in Hawaii), Australia, Thailand, Korea, Taiwan and China. The data were mainly analyzed using cluster analysis to determine the distance between each country and to classify countries into groups. Japanese respondents purchased beef more frequently than respondents from other countries. The average amount purchased on each occasion was far more for Australian respondents than for respondents from other countries, while Japanese purchased far less. Respondents in Japan, Korea, China and Australia thought beef was the most expensive meat, whereas lamb was thought to be the most expensive in the remaining countries. Chinese respondents indicated the highest consciousness of price indexes. The level of uneasiness about eating meat indicated by Asian respondents was relatively strong compared with respondents in Hawaii, the USA and Australia. Average ratings (semantic differential scale) on plans for future meat consumption were higher for beef than for other meats in Korea and China, whereas chicken was rated higher in the other countries. From the dendrogram, surveyed countries were classified into three groups: Japan, Taiwan and Korea; Thailand and China; and the USA, Japanese–Americans and Australia. Among them, the first and second clusters merged into a larger cluster, the ‘Asian’ group.
Since the oil price shocks of the 1970s no systematic study has been undertaken in Australia to investigate the pattern and the extent of energy use by different sectors of the economy. The ...Department of Energy and Resources publishes information of direct energy usage by sector but this gives no indication of changes in indirect energy usage, that is, changes in ihe amount of energy embodied in non-energy outputs. These changes were investigated in this study as well as the extent to which the changes were technology induced and demand induced. Two Australian energy input-output tables (1974-75 and 1980-81) were constructed to reflect the pre and post oil price shock situations. Indirect changes in energy use were found to be positive and offset negative changes in direct energy use. Demand induced changes were estimated to be greater than technology induced changes over the study period.
Typically, the techniques used by the best farm managers to improve productivity are correlated with actions that address land and water degradation issues, thus establishing a nexus between land ...repair, improved production and profit.
To address broader environmental degradation issues, there are a number of programs through which landholders can voluntarily conserve areas of ecological value on their properties. They range from non-binding, temporary agreements to binding agreements that are attached perpetually to the title of the land.
There are other ecosystem values for which incentives are being developed, for example, salinity, carbon sequestration and amenity purposes and often there is a range of these that may be applicable to a particular land area.
This paper overviews some of the existing revolving fund schemes that have been implemented or are currently being tested in Australia, considers the payment of landholders for providing ecosystem services and then provides details on a case study of one type of revolving fund, the Land Repair Fund.
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