The Super-Kamiokande (SK) experiment has accumulated data on atmospheric neutrino and solar neutrino events and has made improvements in their measurements over the last 20 years. A three-flavor ...oscillation analysis was conducted with the atmospheric neutrino data in order to study the mass hierarchy, the leptonic CP violation term, and other oscillation parameters. A stronger preference for the normal mass hierarchy was obtained with SK + T2K external data: Δχ2 = χ2NH − χ2IH = −5.2 (−3.1 was expected when assuming the best fit parameters of the SK + T2K). The analysis of the appearance of t neutrinos has been updated and a significance of 4.6σ was observed. The observation of ~84,000 solar neutrinos give precise measurements of the energy spectrum and time variation testing terrestrial and solar matter effects. This data favor a lower Δm221 value than that measured with reactor anti-neutrinos by KamLAND by more than 2s, and they determine this parameter in the solar neutrino oscillation fit.
We study quantum interference effects of a qubit whose energy levels are continuously modulated. The qubit is formed by an impurity electron spin in a silicon tunneling field-effect transistor, and ...it is read out by spin blockade in a double-dot configuration. The qubit energy levels are modulated via its gate-voltage-dependent g factors, with either rectangular, sinusoidal, or ramp radio frequency waves. The energy-modulated qubit is probed by the electron spin resonance. Our results demonstrate the potential of spin qubit interferometry implemented in a silicon device and operated at a relatively high temperature.
Obesity is driven by chronic low-grade inflammation resulting from dysregulated immune cell accumulation and function in white adipose tissue (WAT). Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a key cytokine that ...controls innate and adaptive immune cell activity and immune homeostasis in WAT, although the sources of IL-33 have remained controversial. Here, we show that WAT-resident mesenchyme-derived stromal cells are the dominant producers of IL-33. Adipose stem and progenitor cells (ASPCs) produced IL-33 in all WAT depots, whereas mesothelial cells served as an additional source of IL-33 in visceral WAT. ASPC-derived IL-33 promoted a regulatory circuit that maintained an immune tone in WAT via the induction of group 2 innate lymphoid cell-derived type 2 cytokines and maintenance of eosinophils, whereas mesothelial IL-33 also acted as an alarmin by inducing peritoneal immune response upon infection. Together, these data reveal a previously unrecognized regulatory network between tissue-resident progenitor cells and innate lymphoid cells that maintains immune homeostasis in adipose tissue.
Hidden photons and axion-like particles are candidates for cold dark matter if they were produced non-thermally in the early universe. We conducted a search for both of these bosons using 800 ...live-days of data from the XMASS detector with 327 kg of liquid xenon in the fiducial volume. No significant signal was observed, and thus we set constraints on the α′/α parameter related to kinetic mixing of hidden photons and the coupling constant gAe of axion-like particles in the mass range from 40 to 120 keV/c2, resulting in α′/α<6×10−26 and gAe<4×10−13. These limits are the most stringent over this mass range derived from both direct and indirect searches to date.
We have searched for exotic neutrino-electron interactions that could be produced by a neutrino millicharge, by a neutrino magnetic moment, or by dark photons using solar neutrinos in the XMASS-I ...liquid xenon detector. We observed no significant signals in 711 days of data. We obtain an upper limit for neutrino millicharge of 5.4×10−12e at 90% confidence level assuming all three species of neutrino have common millicharge. We also set flavor-dependent limits assuming the respective neutrino flavor is the only one carrying a millicharge, 7.3×10−12e for νe, 1.1×10−11e for νμ, and 1.1×10−11e for ντ. These limits are the most stringent yet obtained from direct measurements. We also obtain an upper limit for the neutrino magnetic moment of 1.8×10−10 Bohr magnetons. In addition, we obtain upper limits for the coupling constant of dark photons in the U(1)B−L model of 1.3×10−6 if the dark photon mass is 1×10−3 MeV/c2, and 8.8×10−5 if it is 10 MeV/c2.
In this study, the effects of fiber waviness on the effective elastic responses of CNT–polymer composites are investigated based on the framework of micromechanics and homogenization. By taking ...advantage of an ad hoc Eshelby tensor, the load-transfer capability of wavy carbon nanotube (CNT) embedded in the polymer matrix is accounted for. Further, the effective elastic responses of composites are simulated by using the multi-phase Mori–Tanaka method to study the influence of randomly oriented wavy CNT. It is demonstrated that the proposed micromechanics-based closed form solution is effective to tackle the underlying problem. The present predictions and the comparisons with the available experimental data indicate that the CNT waviness leads to the degradation of effective responses of composites. Finally, in addition to the effect of CNT waviness, the significance of CNT interface is briefly discussed based on the experimental observations.
Summary
Neurofeedback (NF) is a training to enhance self-regulatory capacity over brain activity patterns and consequently over brain mental states. Recent findings suggest that NF is a promising ...alternative for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We comprehensively reviewed literature searching for studies on the effectiveness and specificity of NF for the treatment of ADHD. In addition, clinically informative evidence-based data are discussed. We found 3 systematic review on the use of NF for ADHD and 6 randomized controlled trials that have not been included in these reviews. Most nonrandomized controlled trials found positive results with medium-to-large effect sizes, but the evidence for effectiveness are less robust when only randomized controlled studies are considered. The direct comparison of NF and sham-NF in 3 published studies have found no group differences, nevertheless methodological caveats, such as the quality of the training protocol used, sample size, and sample selection may have contributed to the negative results. Further data on specificity comes from electrophysiological studies reporting that NF effectively changes brain activity patterns. No safety issues have emerged from clinical trials and NF seems to be well tolerated and accepted. Follow-up studies support long-term effects of NF. Currently there is no available data to guide clinicians on the predictors of response to NF and on optimal treatment protocol. In conclusion, NF is a valid option for the treatment for ADHD, but further evidence is required to guide its use.
A search for dark matter using an underground single-phase liquid xenon detector was conducted at the Kamioka Observatory in Japan, particularly for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). We ...have used 705.9 live days of data in a fiducial volume containing 97kg of liquid xenon at the center of the detector. The event rate in the fiducial volume after the data reduction was (4.2±0.2)×10−3day−1kg−1keVee−1 at 5keVee, with a signal efficiency of 20%. All the remaining events are consistent with our background evaluation, mostly of the “mis-reconstructed events” originated from 210Pb in the copper plates lining the detector's inner surface. The obtained upper limit on a spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section was 2.2×10−44cm2 for a WIMP mass of 60GeV/c2 at the 90% confidence level, which was the most stringent limit among results from single-phase liquid xenon detectors.
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