This paper sought to improve the precision of the Alternating Current Electro-Occulo-Graphy (AC-EOG) gaze estimation method. The method consisted of two core techniques: To estimate eyeball movement ...from EOG signals and to convert signals from the eyeball movement to the gaze position. In conventional research, the estimations are computed with two EOG signals corresponding to vertical and horizontal movements. The conversion is based on the affine transformation and those parameters are computed with 24-point gazing data at the calibration. However, the transformation is not applied to all the 24-point gazing data, but to four spatially separated data (Quadrant method), and each result has different characteristics. Thus, we proposed the conversion method for 24-point gazing data at the same time: To assume an imaginary center (i.e., 25th point) on gaze coordinates with 24-point gazing data and apply an affine transformation to 24-point gazing data. Then, we conducted a comparative investigation between the conventional method and the proposed method. From the results, the average eye angle error for the cross-shaped electrode attachment is x = 2.27 ° ± 0.46 ° and y = 1.83 ° ± 0.34 ° . In contrast, for the plus-shaped electrode attachment, the average eye angle error is is x = 0.94 ° ± 0.19 ° and y = 1.48 ° ± 0.27 ° . We concluded that the proposed method offers a simpler and more precise EOG gaze estimation than the conventional method.
Abstract Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks (LSTM) are used to build surrogate models to forecast time-series blade loads for both fixed and floating offshore wind turbines. In this ...paper, we train surrogate models on datasets generated with OpenFAST on the IEA-15MW-RWT under a range of metocean conditions. The aim of the surrogate models is to generate load forecasts inexpensively and accurately such that they can be used in a model predictive controller. Two cases are investigated with different model inputs: one with only measurements available to typical PI controllers and another one with additional wave elevation and deflection measurements (alongside the endogenous variable). The model performances are evaluated and compared. It was found that for the fixed turbine, the models predicted all three blade loads to a high degree of accuracy. The floating turbine surrogate models performed relatively worse, but edgewise and pitching moments are still reasonably accurate. The surrogate model forecasts the flapwise moment to a satisfactory accuracy only in 58% out of 400 test cases. The addition of wave elevation and blade deflection features did not significantly improve the prediction performance of the surrogate, demonstrating that just the information used by current PI controllers may be sufficient for forecasting blade loads.
This study aims to look at the roots of conflict in the Pindul Cave tourist area and see what potentials are likely to be intervened using conflict management governance practices. This study also ...recommends the concept of Community-Based Tourism that can be applied to Pindul Cave tourism as an effort to resolve conflicts. This study uses a qualitative method. Based on the research results, there is a land conflict between Atik Damayanti as the owner of part of the land in Pindul Cave Tourism and Pokdarwis in Bejiharjo Village, Gunungkidul Regency and BUMDes, Bejiharjo Village, Gunungkidul Regency. Second, is the conflict in the management of Pindul Cave tourism which has 11 Pokdarwis competing with each other, resulting in several jockeys and marketing playing the price of tourism in Pindul Cave. Other results include examples of the implementation of Community-Based Tourism that can be realized in the Pindul Cave Tourism Village, Bejiharjo Village, and Gunungkidul Regency as an effort to practice governance in conflict resolution.
One's leadership is usually influenced by intelligence and personality types that can be obtained through tests. The STIFIn test can describe an individual's intelligence directly as well as ...someone's personality types. Therefore, this study aims to identify the personality types possessed by structural officers (bureaucracy) at UIN Alauddin Makassar, the characteristics of each STIFIn personality type and the ratio of the number of male and female leaders. The research instrument used was in the form of STIFIn intelligence test. Data were analyzed by quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that of the 20 respondents tested, 4 of the 5 STIFIn personialty types were identified namely Thinking, Intuiting, Feeling and Instinct, and none of them were Sensing type. They consisted of 17 men and 3 women. Moreover each type of intelligence and personality has different characteristics. Abstrak:Kepemimpinan seseorang biasanya dipengaruhi oleh kecerdasan dan tipe kepribadian yang dapat diperoleh melalui tes. Tes STIFIn dapat memetakan kecerdasan individu secara langsung sekaligus menjadi tipe kepribadian sesorang. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tipe-tipe kepribadian yang dimiliki oleh pejabat struktural di UIN Alauddin Makassar, karakteristik dari masing-masing tipe kepribadian STIFIn, serta rasio jumlah pemimpin laki-laki dan perempuan. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan, yakni dalam bentuk tes kecerdasan STIFIn. Data dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 20 responden yang diuji, diidentifikasi menjadi 4 dari 5 jenis kepribadian STIFIn yaitu Thinking, Intuiting, Feeling dan Insting, dan tidak ada yang bertipe Sensing. Mereka terdiri dari 17 pria dan 3 wanita. Kemudian setiap jenis kecerdasan dan kepribadiaan memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda.
Recently, the fifth generation of cellular mobile communications (5G) network has been deployed and become pervasive. 5G offers a significant increase in terms of bandwidth and data rate compared to ...the previous generations. In addition, new technologies such as millimeter-wave (mmWave) technology and massive MIMO (mMIMO), have been proposed to meet the demand. However, some inevitable challenges still exist. In mmWave frequency, path loss and shadowing become more severe due to the radio electromagnetic (EM) wave characteristics. In this paper, we propose the utilization of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to aid wireless communications to overcome path loss and shadowing issues, by using a compressive sensing-based adaptive beamforming algorithm. To validate the theory, hypothesis, and simulation results, we have designed, fabricated, and conducted experiments with a 1-bit RIS testbed. The results show that the bit error rate (BER) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received signal are significantly improved when the proposed RIS is employed. Further, we have also demonstrated a video streaming application aided by the proposed RIS as one of the potential RIS deployment scenarios.
This article sought to address issues related to human-robot cooperation tasks focusing especially on robotic operation using bio-signals. In particular, we propose to develop a control scheme for a ...robot arm based on electromyography (EMG) signal that allows a cooperative task between humans and robots that would enable teleoperations. A basic framework for achieving the task and conducting EMG signals analysis of the motion of upper limb muscles for mapping the hand motion is presented. The objective of this work is to investigate the application of a wearable EMG device to control a robot arm in real-time. Three EMG sensors are attached to the brachioradialis, biceps brachii, and anterior deltoid muscles as targeted muscles. Three motions were conducted by moving the arm about the elbow joint, shoulder joint, and a combination of the two joints giving a two degree of freedom. Five subjects were used for the experiments. The results indicated that the performance of the system had an overall accuracy varying from 50% to 100% for the three motions for all subjects. This study has further shown that upper-limb motion discrimination can be used to control the robotic manipulator arm with its simplicity and low computational cost.
All religions teach peace and welfare to their adherents through tolerance. The religious teaching, however, can also be the trigger of interreligious conflicts as it happened in Ambon in 1999-2011. ...This study aims at determining whether or not the knowledge, education level, perception, and attitudes of the Ambones’ Muslim community affect the interreligious tolerance in Ambon. This research employed quantitative research using survey design. The sample of the study consisted of 100 Muslims in Ambon city. The data have been collected through a questionnaire distributed, and they have been analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the SPSS program. The results found that the knowledge, level of education, perception, and attitude of the Ambones’ Muslim community collectively had a positive impact on the interreligious tolerance amongst the Ambones’ community. However, this perception has no significant effect on tolerance partially. The results of this study contributed to prevent and manage further unpredictable of interreligious conflict in the city of Ambon, Maluku. الملخصتعلم جميع الأديان السلام والازدهار للمعتندين من خلال التسامح. ومع ذلك ، يمكن أن تكون التعاليم الدينية أيضًا محفزًا للصراع بين الأديان كما حدث في أمبون في 1999-2011. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد ما إذا كانت المعرفة ، ومستوى التعليم ، وتصورات ومواقف المجتمع المسلم في أمبون تؤثر على التسامح بين الأديان في مالوكو. يستخدم هذا البحث البحث الكمي باستخدام تصميم المسح. تكونت عينة البحث من 100 مسلم في مدينة أمبون. تم جمع البيانات من خلال استبيان وتحليلها وصفيًا واستنتاجيًا باستخدام SPSS 19. ووجدت نتائج الدراسة أن معرفة ومستوى التعليم والإدراك وموقف المجتمع الإسلامي في أمبون بشكل جماعي كان لها تأثير إيجابي على التسامح بين الأديان بين شعب أمبون. ومع ذلك ، ليس لهذا التصور تأثير كبير على التسامح الجزئي. تساهم نتائج هذه الدراسة في منع وإدارة الصراع بين الأديان الذي لا يمكن توقعه أكثر في مدينة أمبون ، مالوكو.الكلمات المفتاحية: التصور ، مسلمو مالوكو ، الموقف ، التسامح بين الأديان AbstrakSemua agama mengajarkan perdamaian dan kesejahteraan bagi penganutnya melalui toleransi. Namun, ajaran agama juga bisa menjadi pemicu konflik antaragama seperti yang terjadi di Ambon pada 1999-2011. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menentukan apakah pengetahuan, tingkat pendidikan, persepsi, dan sikap komunitas Muslim Ambon mempengaruhi toleransi antaragama di Maluku. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain survei. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 100 Muslim di kota Ambon. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensial menggunakan program SPSS 19. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pengetahuan, tingkat pendidikan, persepsi, dan sikap komunitas Muslim Ambon secara kolektif memiliki dampak positif pada toleransi antaragama di antara masyarakat Ambon. Namun, persepsi ini tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap toleransi secara parsial. Hasil dari penelitian ini berkontribusi untuk mencegah dan mengelola konflik antaragama yang tidak dapat diprediksi lebih lanjut di kota Ambon, Maluku.
The use of radio frequency (RF) energy for wireless power transfer (WPT) has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential for powering electronic devices without the need for ...wires or batteries. A key component of RF-based WPT systems is the rectenna, which converts RF energy into usable DC power. This article provides an overview of recent developments, opportunities, and challenges in the design of 2.4 GHz rectennas for RF-based WPT applications. We have searched major online libraries extensively for studies regarding the 2.4 GHz rectenna. As a result, 35 high-quality studies published between 2010 and 2023 were gathered. In the discussion section, we begin by presenting the basic principles of rectenna design and the key parameters that affect its performance, such as the antenna characteristics, rectifier capabilities, and nonlinearity properties of the rectifier. We then highlighted recent advancements in rectenna design, including novel approaches for improving efficiency and power transfer capability, such as the involvement of hybrid solar cell-rectenna structures, transistor-based rectifiers, and bridge rectifiers. Finally, the article concludes by identifying future opportunities, research directions, and open challenges in the design and optimization of rectennas for RF-based WPT, including the development of compact, low-cost, and high-performance rectennas for a wide range of applications. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art of 2.4 GHz rectenna design for RF-based WPT and highlights the exciting opportunities and challenges for this rapidly growing field.
Cooking oil waste that has been disposed could contamine the environment. However, if it is processed well, it can potentially become a raw material of polyurethane. The aim of this study was to ...determine the best polyurethane on the tensile strength, impact strength, elongation at break, water absorption, characterization of Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and the characterization of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The variables used in this study were ambient process temperature with 440 rpm stirring speed, 1-minute stirring time, the ratio of polyoland WCO was 7:3 (% w/w), and the ratio of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) and WCO was 1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 1:4 (% w/w). The results obtained from the analysis of the best tensile strength against the polyurethane synthetic was in the 1:1 ratio of mixed variations between oil and TDI with a value of 0.403 MPa. The best impact strength was in the ratio of mixed variations between oil and TDI with 1:4 (% w/w) with a value of 600.975 J/m2. The best elongation at break against polyurethane foam synthetic was in the 1:3 ratio of mixture variations of oil and TDI with a value of 4.506%.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a global transpiring pollutant and an endocrine disruptor present in the environment which has a substantial harmful effect on plants. In the present study, its effects on seed ...germination, radicle length and cytogenetic alterations were investigated in Pisum sativum L root tip cells. Pisum sativum L seeds were germinated after treating with various concentrations of BPA (2 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 15 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 25 mg/L) at 24±1°C for 72 hours and the cytogenetic variations were assessed. The investigation showed that BPA reduced the percentage of seed germination, mitotic index, radicle length (at higher concentrations) and instigated a rise in chromosomal anomalies in a dose-related manner. In total, there is an enhanced occurrence of c-mitosis, stickiness, bridges, fragments and laggards in the BPA treated root tip cells of Pisum sativum L seeds.
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