Bu çalışmada, ulusal kimlik ile tüketici etnosentrizmi, kültürel duyarlılık ile tüketici etnosentrizmi ve tüketici etnosentrizmi ile algılanan risk arasındaki ilişkilerin ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu ...amaçla, kolayda örneklemle 343 katılımcıdan anket yoluyla toplanan veriler kullanılmıştır. Araştırma modeli, Wang vd.’nin (2018: 326) İngiltere pazarında test ettiği modelden uyarlanmıştır. Araştırma modelini ve modeldeki ilişkileri analiz edebilmek üzere yol analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, ulusal kimliğe yönelik tutumu yüksek tüketicilerin, etnosentrizm düzeylerinin de yüksek olduğu ve bu yüzden yabancı ürün alma eğilimlerinin düşük olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Bulgular, tüketici etnosentrizmi ile yabancı menşeli ürünlere yönelik algılanan risk arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak kültürel hassasiyet ile tüketici etnosentrizmi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki ortaya konulamamıştır.
This study aims to examine three relationship constructs: national identification and consumer ethnocentrism, and cultural sensitivity and consumer ethnocentrism, and consumer ethnocentrism and perceived risk. The data was collected from a convenience sample of 343 respondents via questionnaire. Research model is adapted from Wang et al., (2018: 326), who tested in the UK market. Path analysis is executed to test our model and reveal the relationships within construct. Results indicate that national identification and ethnocentrism, and ethnocentrism and perceived risk constructs are positively associates. However, there is no statistically significant association between cultural sensitivity and ethnocentrism constructs.
Bu çalışmada, ulusal kimlik ile tüketici etnosentrizmi, kültürel duyarlılık ile tüketici etnosentrizmi ve tüketici etnosentrizmi ile algılanan risk arasındaki ilişkilerin ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu ...amaçla, kolayda örneklemle 343 katılımcıdan anket yoluyla toplanan veriler kullanılmıştır. Araştırma modeli, Wang vd.’nin (2018: 326) İngiltere pazarında test ettiği modelden uyarlanmıştır. Araştırma modelini ve modeldeki ilişkileri analiz edebilmek üzere yol analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, ulusal kimliğe yönelik tutumu yüksek tüketicilerin, etnosentrizm düzeylerinin de yüksek olduğu ve bu yüzden yabancı ürün alma eğilimlerinin düşük olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Bulgular, tüketici etnosentrizmi ile yabancı menşeli ürünlere yönelik algılanan risk arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak kültürel hassasiyet ile tüketici etnosentrizmi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki ortaya konulamamıştır.
The impact of linguistic proximity and diglossia on multinational corporations’ visual identity extension strategies in multiple sociolinguistically different markets is investigated. Specifically, ...this study focuses on a sample of
Fortune Global 500
corporations and explores their brand name/slogan extension practices in three distinct linguistic contexts: Turkish, Russian and Arabic. The study reveals that the different levels of linguistic proximity systematically influence brand name adaptation including brand name transliteration, as well as slogan translation and new slogan creation in English. The study also finds that these tendencies non-systematically but significantly vary across the levels of diglossia. Conversely, diglossia systematically influences slogan standardization and new slogan creation in a local language, while the effect of linguistic proximity on these practices is non-systematic.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceptions of food anti-consumption in fast growing markets within an emerging economy context of Turkey.
Design/methodology/approach
Recently ...posted customer comments, complaints and suggestions related to the selected fast-food chains were examined from the following domains: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Sikayetvar.com. These comments were reviewed, assessed and classified by four trained independent raters. After examining the comments one-by-one the raters arrived at the final (triangulated) decision regarding the comment’s category after an iterative process including cross-examination.
Findings
Reasons for fast-food avoidance were primarily linked to customers’ negative past experiences (experiential avoidance). Identity avoidance, moral avoidance and interactivity avoidance.
Originality/value
The paper adds to the anti-consumption literature by examining the food avoidance framework of Lee et al. (2009) in an emerging market context. New categories were identified for reasons of food avoidance which have not been identified before in the anti-consumption literature such as interactivity avoidance.
•Six novel complexes of tetra substituted metallophthalocyanines (Ni, Co, and Cu).•The catalytic transfer hydrogenation of various ketones was discussed.•The copper complexes were found to be ...catalysts for the TH of ketone.•Activity and structure are compared to analogous metallophthalocyanines complexes.•Catalysts are air stable, earth abundant, and inexpensive.
In this study, tetra substituted metallophthalocyanines (M: Ni, Zn, Co, and Cu) containing imine and azo groups were synthesized using microwave irradiation. The structures of all complexes have been totally characterized via 1HNMR , 13CNMR , TGA/DTA, LC-MS/MS, elemental analysis, UV–Vis, FT-IR spectroscopy. The comparison of the catalytic features of phthalocyanine based on metals is also discussed briefly. These phthalocyanine-complexes were also used in the transfer hydrogenation (TH) of acetophenone derivatives in the existence of KOH, utilizing isoPrOH as a hydrogen source. Acetophenone compounds determined a TH of up to 99 % conversion. Copper phthalocyanines were first used as catalysts in transfer hydrogenation reactions. The Cu(II) complexes showed higher catalytic activity, converting up to 97 % at 1.0 mol% catalyst loading. Furthermore, we have discovered that the catalytic characteristics of this class of molecules are significantly influenced by both steric and electronic variables.
A series of six novel complexes of tetra substituted metallophthalocyanines (Ni, Co, and Cu) containing imine and azo groups have been synthesized. The structures of all complexes have been totally characterized via 1HNMR , 13CNMR , TGA/DTA, LC-MS/MS, elemental analysis, UV–Vis, FT-IR spectroscopy. These phthalocyanine-complexes were also used in the transfer hydrogenation (TH) of acetophenone derivatives in the existence of KOH, utilizing isoPrOH as a hydrogen source. Acetophenone compounds determined a TH of up to 99 % conversion. Copper phthalocyanines were first used as catalysts in transfer hydrogenation reactions. The Cu complex (1c), bearing the –C = O substituent observed a mean yield of%97 at 7 h, the related Cu complex (2c), bearing the -CNPh substituent afforded of 99 % at 9 h. Furthermore, we have discovered that the catalytic characteristics of this class of molecules are significantly influenced by both steric and electronic variables. These comparable outcomes to other catalysts previously reported in the literature were superior to other featuring phthalocyanine complexes.
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Bankaların istikrarlı bir şekilde faaliyetlerini sürdürebilmesi bir ekonomi için çok önemlidir. Ancak bazı dönemlerde bankalar finansai ve ekonomik risklerle karşılaşmaktadır. 2008 Küresel kriz ...sonrasında bankacılık sisteminin kırılganlığı önemli konu olmuştur. Bundan dolayı bankacılık krizlerinin önceden tahmin edilmesine yönelik çalışmalar artmıştır. Bankacılık krizlerinin tahmininde sağlamlık ve kırılganlık endeksleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türk bankacılık sektörünün kırılganlık yapısı 1996 - 2017 döneminde yıllık veriler ve Logit / Probit modeller (sınırlı bağımlı değişkenli modeller) kullanılarak İncelenmektedir. 3 adet model oluşturulmuş ve 3. model açıklama gücü en yüksek model olmuştur. Bu modelde Logit yöntemine göre döviz kuru (KUR) ve mevduat faizi (MF) değişkenleri; Probit yöntemine göre döviz kuru (KUR), kredi tutarı/mevduat tutan (K/M) ve mevduat faizi (MF) değişkenleri istatistiki olarak anlamlı çıkmıştır.
The primary cause of cyanide intake is suicidal attempts, most of which result in death. People who interfere with suspicion of cyanide intoxication may also be exposed to cyanide poisoning.
During ...the autopsy of the corpse in the morning of that day, five people in the autopsy room within the hospital were admitted to the ED with suspicion of cyanide intoxication. Meanwhile, a 36-year-old patient who had come into contact with the patient at night also presented to the ED. Some of the precautionary measures to be taken against inhalation of cyanide may be wearing appropriate masks as well as suitable clothes and keeping the surroundings below 28 °C when exposed to cyanide.
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