The concentrations of K
+
, Na
+
, and proline and the ratio of K
+
to Na
+
(K
+
/ Na
+
) were analyzed in NaCl-unadapted and NaCl-adapted tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cells in suspension culture. At ...3 to 5 d after inoculation, the NaCl-unadapted cells cultured in 100 mmol L
−1
NaCl saline culture medium (Na100 medium) accumulated 28.7 mmol L
−1
proline with a low ratio of K
+
to Na
+
(= 2.8) and the NaCl-adapted cells cultured in the Na100 medium contained 6.28 mmol L
−1
proline with a high K
+
/ Na
+
ratio (≧ 7.5). The contents of amino acids for the NaCl-adapted cells in the Na100 medium were similar to those for the NaCl-unadapted cells in a modified LS medium (standard medium). At 14 d after inoculation, the NaCl-unadapted cells in the Na100 medium contained 4.77 mmol L
−1
proline and restored the K
+
/ Na
+
ratio from 2.8 to 6.2. These results indicate the presence of a negative correlation between the K
+
/ Na
+
ratio and proline accumulation and suggest that a balance between the K
+
/ Na
+
ratio and proline accumulation may be the factor involved in determining the salt tolerance of plant cells.
Recombinant Virus Bank for Gene Delivery Yokoyama, Kazunari K.; Murata, Takehide; Ugai, Hideyo ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
03/2005, Letnik:
307, Številka:
5716
Journal Article
Background: Clinical practice guidelines strongly recommend optimal medical therapy (OMT), including lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy, and exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR), in ...patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD). However, the efficacy and safety of CR in patients with SIHD without revascularization remain unclear.Methods and Results: The Prospective Registry of STable Angina RehabiliTation (Pre-START) study is a multicenter, prospective, single-arm, open-label pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CR on health-related quality of life (HRQL), exercise capacity, and clinical outcomes in Japanese patients with SIHD without revascularization. In this study, all patients will undergo guideline-based OMT and are encouraged to have 36 outpatient CR sessions within 5 months after enrollment. The primary endpoint is the change in the Seattle Angina Questionnaire-7 summary score between baseline and the 6-month visit; an improvement of ≥5 points will be defined as a clinically important change. Secondary endpoints include changes in other HRQL scores and exercise capacity between baseline and the 6-month visit, as well as clinical outcomes between enrollment and the 6-month visit.Conclusions: The Pre-START study will provide valuable evidence to elucidate the efficacy and safety of CR in patients with SIHD and indispensable information for a subsequent randomized controlled trial. The study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (ID: UMIN000045415) on April 1, 2022.
The green paramecium, Paramecium bursaria, has several hundred green algae in the cytoplasm. Symbiotic algae can be removed from their host cells by treatment with a herbicide, paraquat. The presence ...of symbiotic algae in P. bursaria can be microscopically examined by detecting the red fluorescence of the algal chlorophyll. However, etiolated algae could not be detected by fluorescent microscopic analyses. Therefore, the absence of symbiotic algae should be confirmed by examining the presence or absence of algal DNA in P. bursaria. In this study, we tried to detect the DNA of symbiotic algae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using plant genome-specific primers designed to amplify the DNA sequence in the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (rbcS) encoding gene. Using this technique, it was confirmed that the DNA of endosymbiotic algae was absent in paraquat-treated paramecia.
Background
: Clinical effectiveness and safety of the Swiss Lithoclast (Lithoclast) and the Candela MDL‐2000 (MDL) in the treatment of lower ureteral stone were examined retrospectively.
Methods
: ...Eighty‐six stones from 66 patients and 26 stones from 20 patients were treated by Lithoclast and MDL, respectively.
Results
: The stone‐free rate on 3‐month follow‐up was 97% and 95% for the Lithoclast and MDL, respectively (no significant difference). The operation time was significantly shorter for the Lithoclast than for the MDL (90.2 ± 50.2 vs 120.4 ± 55.1 min; P < 0.05). Postoperative analgesics were required significantly less frequently in Lithoclast (10/66 vs 11/20; P < 0.01). Postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter for Lithoclast (8.7 ± 5.1 vs 12.1 ± 4.2 days; P < 0.01).
Conclusions
: Swiss Lithoclast is an effective and less invasive modality for endoscopic treatment of lower ureteral stones.
BackgroundPressure ulcer (PU) is a tissue necrosis disorder in which the cutaneous structures are affected by pressure and shear stress, leading to ischemia and circulatory impairment, etc. Increased ...oxidative stress caused by ischemia and reperfusion has been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Aldehyde reductase (ALR) is an NADPH-dependent detoxification enzyme encoded by AKR1A and involved in the synthesis of ascorbic acid (AsA). ALR deficiency results in inadequate detoxification of carbonyl compounds, which may cause organ damage AsA is extremely reactive to radical species and functions as an antioxidant. In this study, we analyzed the effect of AKR1A on pressure ulcer formation.MethodsIschemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in the skin of AKR1A knockout (KO) and wild-type control (WT) mice was compared grossly and histologically. Next, the effects of AsA administration on tissue injury of IRI in KO and WT were examined. We also examined the effects of AsA administration on viable cells in hypoxia/reoxygenation load (H/R) using mouse fibroblasts.Result and DiscussionAKR1A deficiency aggravates pressure ulcer formation, and AsA may attenuate tissue injury caused by IRI and H/R. Since AsA is a free radical scavenger, it is possible that reactive oxygen species are involved in the aggravation of pressure ulcer formation and that AsA may be beneficial in the reduction of pressure ulcer severity. We are currently investigating expression changes of tissue injury-related molecules associated with ischemia-reperfusion, and will report on these findings as well.
The antibacterial activity of meropenem (MEPM) and other parenteral antibiotics against clinical isolates of 2655 strains including 810 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, 1635 strains of ...Gram-negative bacteria, and 210 strains of anaerobic bacteria obtained from 30 medical institutions during 2009 was examined. The results were as follows; (1) MEPM was more active than the other carbapenem antibiotics tested against Gram-negative bacteria, especially against enterobacteriaceae and Haemophilus influenzae. MEPM was also active against most of the species tested in Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria, except for multidrug resistant strains including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). (2) MEPM maintained potent and stable antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The proportion of MEPM-resistant strains to ciprofloxacin-resistant strains or imipenem-resistant strains were 53.1% and 58.0% respectively. (3) The proportion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) strains was 3.1% (26 strains) in enterobacteriaceae. And the proportion of metallo-beta-lactamase strains was 2.0% (6 strains) in P. aeruginosa. (4) Of all species tested, there were no species except for Bacteroides fragilis group, which MIC90 of MEPM was more than 4-fold higher than those in our previous study. Therefore, there is almost no significant decrease in susceptibility of clinical isolates to meropenem. In conclusion, the results from this surveillance study suggest that MEPM retains its potent and broad antibacterial activity and therefore is a clinically useful carbapenem for serious infections treatment at present, 14 years passed after available for commercial use in Japan.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between stroke patients' lower limb joints' range of motion (ROM) at the time of hospital discharge and post-stroke femoral neck ...fracture. Subjects The subjects were 41 femoral neck fracture patients at Sankuro Hospital: 28 cases with history of stroke; 13 cases with no history of stroke. Methods We investigated the length of hospital stay for fracture, side of fracture, ROM of lower limb joints at the times of hospital admittance and discharge, activities of daily living (ADL), and circumstances of the fracture. For 7 cases, we further researched ROM of lower limb joints at the time of hospital discharge for stroke, ADL, and the time from hospital discharge for stroke to fracture. Results There were a number of cases of right side hemiplegia patients who experienced fracture while going to the toilet in the middle of the night. A significant correlation was found between lower limb joints' ROM at the time of discharge for stroke and the time from discharge to fracture. Conclusion The results suggest the possibility of identifying patients at high risk of femoral neck fracture from ROM of lower limb joints at the time of hospital discharge for stroke.
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