Monitoring air quality in urban areas is essential due to increased pollution and health hazards. In this study, the air quality in the busiest area of Bucharest’s central was assessed, and the main ...car-related pollutants, NO
2
and PM
10
, have been examined in relation to the influence of meteorological parameters. During the measurement campaign, the monitored NO
2
pollutant concentration values did not exceed the limit value (LV), and the measured NO
2
exceeded this limit on day 1. Although the monitored NO
2
concentrations had the same pattern as the measured NO
2
concentrations; however, there is a delay in the amplitude of the values, which can be explained by the location of each measurement point in relation to the main source of pollution. The particulate matter PM
10
showed exceedances of the daily limit values (DLV) in conditions of intense traffic, and the decrease in concentrations was related to the conditions of increased precipitation and humidity. In order to adopt the most effective measurements to reduce pollution in metropolitan areas, it is crucial to evaluate the air quality and identify the primary sources of pollutants.
The LULUCF sector (land use, land use change and forestry) can act as a carbon dioxide (CO2) sink, either by increasing the removal of greenhouse gasses from the atmosphere or by reducing their ...current emissions. This paper intends to analyze the results of the CO2 monitoring methodology by the chamber method in order to estimate the effect of different land use cover and management techniques. For this purpose, seasonal CO2 efflux field measurements were conducted in two types of ecosystems (forested land and wheat crop) located in the adjacent area of Bucharest. CO2 efflux was analysed for each land cover in relation to the physical characteristics of the soil, respectively soil temperatures and humidity, but also together with the main weather parameters. The measurements were performed simultaneously in both land covers at relevant time intervals. The difference in measured values between the two ecosystems was recorded but the results of the statistical analysis showed a lack of differences in the correlation between the CO2 efflux. This indicates that the CO2 efflux can be affected by particular elements of the environment which facilitates differences in soil temperature and humidity in the same weather conditions.
Ecosystem respiration (Reco) is the main contributor to carbon emissions from different types of aquatic ecosystems. For a better understanding of CO
2
emissions from the water-atmosphere interface ...of rivers and to evaluate the influence of meteorological factors and water quality parameters on Reco, in-situ measurements were carried out in Damboviţa River in the winter season when temperatures were up to freezing point as well as in the summer period, which is the most dynamic in terms of CO
2
exchange. Reco during the monitoring period ranged from 4.56 to 40.5 gm
-2
h
-1
. The statistical analysis of the data set showed that among the meteorological parameters, temperatures explain most temporal variability of CO
2
fluxes. By scaling the importance of the water quality parameters, the precision of the permutations indicated the pH as the most influential parameter in the analysis of the dependent factors. The analysed data indicates that aquatic ecosystems are highly sensitive to changes in the current context of climate change, which implies that these ecosystems can easily turn into important sources of carbon in the atmosphere.
Atmospheric CO2 is rising rapidly. As forests cover some 43% of the Earth's surface, they are considered to be the largest terrestrial carbon sink on Planet Earth. Within this study, calculations of ...the most abundant tree species were conducted in the study area, which is situated in the Eastern region of Romania. Thus, the forest carbon balance for the Oak (Quercus petraea) and Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) species were projected for the period of 2015 - 2040. Data from management plans were used and analyzed using a forest model that is projecting forest resource development on regional up to European scale, known as The European Forest Information SCENario Model - EFISCEN. This study is aiming to point out the potential of the Oak and Black Locust forests to store carbon within the aforementioned period considering that the same management practices will be applied. The results of the simulation show that the forests accumulate CO2 over time and also their magnitude can be observed. Conclusions can be drawn from the comparative analysis of the input data and the simulation results, considering the limitation of the used data in terms of their precision.
Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases responsible for the effects of climate change. The soil respiration process is an important component of the carbon circuit in nature, through which ...carbon dioxide returns to the atmosphere. The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is directly influenced by any change of carbon flow produced in soil, as the latter is the largest carbon sink in terrestrial ecosystems. The objective of this paper is to present the experimental results obtained using CO2 flow determination with portable GHG analyzer with closed static chamber, and the relation and influence of the main pedoclimatic parameters, namely temperature and humidity. Future research directions will consider the development of a plan to monitor CO2 flow from the soil, for different types of land use, in different climatic conditions. During one month of data collection, has been found that soil CO2 efflux was influenced by soil moisture and soil temperature. Also, the processed data showed how soil respiration rates were dependent on soil moisture.
The effects of climate change are becoming more intense in the last decades. Moreover, according to many official reports, climate changes are directly affecting ecosystems and their services. To ...assess the impact of climate change on ecosystems, various methods are being used in order to identify changes and interactions with other pressures such as degradation or fragmentation. Adaptation and mitigation measures on the effects of climate change generally include land use changes and land use practices. In order to assess the effectiveness of adaptation and mitigation measures, the services provided by ecosystems and their status are monitored. The paper presents the general framework for evaluating adaptation and mitigation measures and it is based on research from reference works that generally recommend how to evaluate adaptation and mitigation measures. A local adaptation of the mitigation and adaptation framework is presented, by identifying methods for assessing state indicators and ecosystem services. Depending on the availability and accuracy of the data, are proposed methods structured on different levels of detail such as: statistical data, field measurements, modeling software. The application of the proposed methods was verified in a case study: Divici Pojejena wetland, for which detailed methods of assessing the state and services of ecosystems were used.
Abstract
The LULUCF sector (land use, land use change and forestry) can act as a carbon dioxide (CO
2
) sink, either by increasing the removal of greenhouse gasses from the atmosphere or by reducing ...their current emissions. This paper intends to analyze the results of the CO
2
monitoring methodology by the chamber method in order to estimate the effect of different land use cover and management techniques. For this purpose, seasonal CO
2
efflux field measurements were conducted in two types of ecosystems (forested land and wheat crop) located in the adjacent area of Bucharest. CO
2
efflux was analysed for each land cover in relation to the physical characteristics of the soil, respectively soil temperatures and humidity, but also together with the main weather parameters. The measurements were performed simultaneously in both land covers at relevant time intervals. The difference in measured values between the two ecosystems was recorded but the results of the statistical analysis showed a lack of differences in the correlation between the CO
2
efflux. This indicates that the CO
2
efflux can be affected by particular elements of the environment which facilitates differences in soil temperature and humidity in the same weather conditions.
Soil quality is best defined in relation to the functions that soils perform in natural systems and agroecosystems. The quality of soil resources has historically been closely related to soil ...productivity. Indeed, in many cases the terms soil quality and soil productivity have been nearly synonymous. Soils have important direct and indirect impacts on agricultural productivity, water quality and the global climate. Soils make plant growth possible by mediating biological, chemical and physical processes that provides plants with nutrients, water and other elements. Limited availability and quality of water resources are important aspects of natural resource management, and the protection and conservation of water resources is a key requirement in the principles of sustainable development. Climate change is just one of the responsible factors for the emergence and spread of diseases and pests in vegetable crops. Plant pests continue to be one of the biggest constraints on food and agricultural production. In order to protect the soil, and implicitly the environment, it is necessary to choose ecological methods to combat them. Thus, a model of eco-sustainable technology for reducing and preventing diseases and pests was developed, in which diatomite was selected as an ecological insecticide. The main chemical indicators were analyzed, both in the year of application and in the next year, in order to establish the long-term effect.
Ecosystem-based approaches to climate change mitigation involves the use of ecosystems carbon storage and sequestration services. For this purpose, comprehensive CO2 effux (Reco) measurements of the ...wetland and terrestrial ecosystems were performed in the adjacent area of Bucharest, by applying two complementary methods using close chambers: dynamic by respiration chamber and static by injection kit. For the evaluation and comparison in time, the measurements were performed simultaneously with the two methods at relevant time intervals. The results of both practices have been inter-compared in the established plots. The aim of this paper is to highlight the values of Reco measured on days when extreme temperatures and precipitations were recorded. The data set from the selected days was statistically analyzed in comparison with the recorded measurements during the corresponding season. The results highlight the response of CO2 efflux in relation with daily meteorological parameters, for analyzing the ecosystems storage and carbon sequestration in the context of climate change. In addition, the analysis performed contributes to the uncertainty reduction for the independent use of the two methods as a monitoring tool for greenhouse gases exchanges between ecosystems and atmosphere.
Molecular properties and aggregation behavior of a polysiloxane with grafted side chain groups consisting of asymmetrical hydroxy-functionalized porphyrin were studied in dilute solutions. In order ...to understand the mechanism of aggregation of the polymeric porphyrin derivatives, several analyses of chloroform solutions were performed permitting comparison of the data obtained by means of different techniques. Molar mass and hydrodynamic size of the macromolecules were obtained using the methods of analytical ultracentrifugation, isothermal translational diffusion, and viscometry. Long distance interactions between macromolecules in dilute solutions were detected with static light scattering. With increasing the concentration of the solutions, the electronic and fluorescence spectra bands assigned to generation of H and J aggregates became apparent. The organization of aggregates, which seemed to be favored by chloroform, was visualized by atomic force microscopy images that displayed sponge-like morphology, small triangular particles, characteristic of H aggregates, and nano or micro-structured ring geometries obtained by the side-by-side J-process, coexisting together.
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