One of the most significant issues in contemporary professional sport is a problem of training compensation payment to the sport clubs where a player had being trained before he moved to another club ...and particularly before making of his first professional contract. This is designated as compensation for training or so-called compensation for players development. Such problem is closely related to the issues of development and improvement of young players as well as keeping the stability of a concluded contract. On one hand, obligation to pay training compensation is the obstacle for freedom of contract of the player who is not bound by a contract, but on the other side it encourages sports organisations in searching for the new talents and young players who will be trained. In his paper, tha author exposes and considers solutions that have been adopted regarding this issue in legislation and sports rules of Croatia, Serbia and Germany, especially in football, as well as the attitudes of the European Court of Justice and German courts on compatibility of the obligation to pay training compensation with freedom of competition, freedom of movement and freedom of choosing the employment.
The beginning of the initiative of acquainting and rapprochement of the two sides - the Serbs and the Albanians - began by the end of 2001 in Vienna, at the initiative of the United States Peace ...Institute (USPI). The distinctive feature of the meeting was a high degree of mistrust and distance among the participants. The participants were the representatives of political parties from Serbia and Kosovo. There were no representatives of the local Serbs. The cooperation continued through a series of meetings that were organized on the level of the civil society, because it was assumed that the civil society is more dynamic, unrestricted by the limitations of daily politics and that it is capable of bringing about a major breakthrough in the Serbian - Albanian relations.
Pocetak inicijative upoznavanja i zblizavanja dve strane - Srba i Albanaca poceo je krajem 2001. godine u Becu, na inicijativu Americkog instituta za mir (USIP). Karakteristika sastanka bilo je veliko nepoverenje i distanca medju ucesnicima. Ucesnici su bili predstavnici politickih partija iz Srbije i sa Kosova. Nije bilo lokalnih srpskih predstavnika. Cak i predstavnici stranaka tzv. Demokratskog korpusa su imali velikih podozrenja prema "drugoj strani" i branili su zvanicnu poziciju svojih stranaka odnosno Vlade. Problem je sto su predstavljali "kolektiv", "nacion", "nas", "njih". U takvoj atmosferi konstruktivan razgovor je bio nemoguc.
Increasing the physical ability by adding pharmacological agents is the old human "obsession". The athletes use drugs for variety of reasons. However, regardless of the reasons, the use of doping ...agents is opposite to the fundamental values and spirit of sport. Undoubtedly, intensified discussion on penalties for the persons responsible for doping comes as a consequence of commercialisation and professionalisation in sport. In case of athletes, the ban from sport competition has de facto equal effects as temporary suspension of professional activity, which makes the life ban equal to the permanent prohibition from exercising certain professional activity with all the following legal consequences (e. g. the loss of sponsorship rights). Then, it is not surprising that the athletes are ready to use all the available legal instruments in order to protect themselves from negative consequences of doping and that, on the other hand, the courts and responsible authorities of sport associations are ready to deal more decisively with the doping cases imposing strict sanctions. In this paper, the author considers the criteria from the World Anti-Doping Code and International Tennis Federation Anti-Doping Programme for imposing the sanction of ban from participation in sports competition for using the forbidden doping agents, especially stressing how the case of tennis player Marin Čilić served for understanding of those criteria. It is pointed out in the paper that, by purpose or by chance, the proceedings of the ITF Anti-Doping Independent Tribunal and the Court of Arbitration for Sport in Laussane served to the CAS to determine more precisely the mechanism and criteria for imposing the sanction of ban from competition when the period of suspension for comitting the alleged violation of certain anti-doping rule is from 0 months to 24 months.
Sporting activities are beyond doubt useful for personality development as well as maintaining good health, improving of physical qualities, greater personal satisfaction, better and more appropriate ...spending of spare time and improvement of life quality. Relationship between sport and health can be seen from three aspects. On the one hand, there is a question of health promotion through sport, on the other hand, there is a problem of health protection of persons who are engaged in sporting activities and in the third place is doping prevention in sport because its, among other things, negative influence on athletes' health. In his work, the author analyzes legal arrangement of protection of the athletes' health on performing sporting activities in the Republic of Serbia, as well as the connection of that protection with doping prevention in sport. The paper is focused to analysis of the relevant provisions from Law on Sport and Law on doping prevention in sport of the Republic of Serbia.
Hydantoin and its newly synthesized derivatives have recently become a focus of interest due to their numerous biological activities and newly emerging beneficial effects in different pathological ...conditions, including cancer.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible anti-tumor mechanisms of a series of newly synthesized 3-(4-substituted benzyl)-5-isopropyl-5-phenylhydantoin derivatives in different aspects of cell physiology of human colon cancer cell line, HCT-116.
The increasing concentrations of derivatives (0.01µM up to 100µM) were applied to cells during 24h, 48h, and 72h after which the evaluation of proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative/anti-oxidative status, nitrite production, and migration/invasion potential of treated cells was performed.
All tested compounds expressed the dose- and time-dependent anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities against HCT-116 cells. The investigated derivatives induced a decrease in levels of oxidative stress parameters and an increase in levels of nitrite production by treated cells suggesting their significant antioxidative effects. The cell migration index and expression level of tumor invasion-promoting metalloproteinase- 9 (MMP-9) gene were significantly decreased after treatment with the tested hydantoin derivatives implicating their inhibitory role in colon cancer cell motility and invasion processes. The mRNA level of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene as a pro-inflammatory gene related to colorectal carcinogenesis was reduced compared to values in the non-treated control cells indicating the significant anti-inflammatory/anti-tumor effects of these compounds.
The obtained results show the significant anti-tumor potential of tested derivatives, especially 3- benzyl-5-isopropyl-5-phenylhydantoin and 3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-isopropyl-5-phenylhydantoin, suggesting their potential usage in the development of more effective chemotherapies.
Chondromesenchymal hamartoma (CMH) is a rare, benign lesion of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and skull base, composed of islands of hyaline cartilage in a myxoid background. The vast majority ...of CMH cases are infants and young children. According to the world literature, nasopharyngeal involvement of CMH is extremely rare. In all cases, the lesions were masses protruding from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses to the nasopharynx. We hereby report 2 adult male patients with masses completely situated in the nasopharyngeal space. In the first patient, the tumor originated from the posterior edge of the nasal septum and in the second one, from the posterolateral wall of the nasopharynx, adjacent to the pharyngeal orifice of the Eustachian tube. In both patients, the lesion was excised endoscopically, and histopathological analyses were consistent with a diagnosis of CMH. To our knowledge, those are the only cases of CMH completely situated in the nasopharynx.
Introduction/Objective. The duration of vaccine-induced protection against SARS-CoV-2 is shown to be limited. The aim of this study was to assess vaccine effectiveness (VE) of a third dose of four ...different COVID-19 vaccines during Delta variant predominance in Serbia. Methods. The data for the period from August 18, to October 1, 2021 were used to estimate the incidence rates (IR) of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19-related hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The study included 41,186 fully vaccinated subjects, of which 13,589 had received the third dose. VE was estimated based on the IR ratio following vaccination with three vs. two doses. Results. We found that a third dose of all investigated vaccines reduces the incidence of both SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe illness that requires hospitalization or ICU admission. The highest VE against infection demonstrated BNT162b2, followed by Gam-COVID-Vac and BBIBP-CorV. Third dose vaccination reduced the risk of hospitalization (IR = 0 for Gam-COVID-Vac and BBIBP-CorV), and ICU admission (IR = 0 for all vaccines). The hazard distributions for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization following vaccination with three versus two doses were significantly different. Conclusion. These findings indicate that an additional, third dose of studied vaccine boosters protection against all investigated outcomes.
Schneiderian papilloma is typically found on the lateral nasal wall, but, in rare cases, can be located at the mucosa of the nasal septum. Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH) is rare, ...non-neoplastic lesion characterized by an abnormal proliferation of glandular part of the respiratory nasal mucosa. We present a case of a 42-year-old man with five-year history of bilateral nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, epistaxis, and hyposmia. On endoscopic examination, we found lobulated, yellowish-pink soft tissue masses on both sides of the nasal septum. The results of histopathological analyses showed the characteristics of Schneiderian papilloma in the lesion excised from the right and REAH in the lesion excised from the left side of the nasal cavity. To our knowledge, cases of simultaneous presentation of Schneiderian papilloma and REAH on opposite sides of the nasal septum have not been published so far. An appropriate cooperation of rhinologist and pathologist allows for a correct diagnosis of these rare and unusual lesions.
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