Solution-processed solar cells are appealing because of the low manufacturing cost, the good compatibility with flexible substrates, and the ease of large-scale fabrication. Whereas ...solution-processable active materials have been widely adopted for the fabrication of organic, dye-sensitized, and perovskite solar cells, vacuum-deposited transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) such as indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and aluminum-doped tin oxide are still the most frequently used transparent electrodes (TEs) for solar cells. These TCOs not only significantly increase the manufacturing cost of the device, but also are too brittle for future flexible and wearable applications. Therefore, developing solution-processed TEs for solar cells is of great interest. This paper provides a detailed discussion on the recent development of solution-processed TEs, including the chemical synthesis of the electrode materials, the solution-based technologies for the electrode fabrication, the optical and electrical properties of the solution-processed TEs, and their applications on solar cells.
Two-dimensional (2D) Janus materials with opposing components and properties on two sides have recently attracted fevered attention from various research fields for use as, for example, oil/water ...separating membranes, interfacial layers for mass transfer, 2D sensors and actuators. The Janus structure allows for a unidirectional transportation system and programmed response to certain stimuli to be achieved. Graphene, the 2D honeycomb network formed from one atomic layer of carbon atoms, has also received substantial research interest because of its intriguing structure and fascinating properties. The high mechanical strength, flexibility and optical transparency make graphene a unique candidate as a building block of 2D Janus materials through asymmetric modification with different functional groups on the graphene surfaces. This article reviews graphene-based 2D Janus materials, starting with a theoretical understanding of the behavior of Janus graphene. Then, different strategies for fabricating Janus graphene and its derivatives are reviewed in detail according to the chemical strategies of the modification methods. The applications of graphene-based Janus materials are discussed with a specific focus on the Janus structures that lead to bandgap engineering, as well as the construction of a responsive system on graphene.
High‐performance supercapacitors (SCs) are important energy storage components for emerging wearable electronics. Rendering low‐temperature foldability to SCs is critically important when wearable ...devices are used in a cold environment. However, currently reported foldable SCs do not have a stable electrochemical performance at subzero temperatures, while those that are performing are not foldable. Herein, a freestanding pure‐carbon‐based porous electrode, namely, lamellar porous carbon stack (LPCS), is reported, which enables stable low‐temperature‐foldable SCs. The LPCS, which is fabricated with a simple vacuum filtration of a mixture of carbon fibers (CFs), holey reduced graphene oxides (HRGOs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), possesses a lamellar stacking of porous carbon thin sheets, in which the CFs act as the skeleton and the HRGOs and CNTs act as binders. The unique structure leads to excellent compression resilience, high foldability, and high electronic and ionic conductivity. SCs made with the LPCS electrodes and ionic liquid electrolyte show a high energy density (2.1 mWh cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2), low‐temperature long lifetime (95% capacity after 10 000 cycles at −30 °C), and excellent low‐temperature foldability (86% capacity after 1000 folding cycles at −30 °C).
Low‐temperature‐foldable freestanding lamellar porous carbon stacks are obtained by filtration of holey reduced graphene oxides, carbon nanotubes, and carbon microfibers. By simply using ionic liquid as the electrolyte and combining the advanced porous multilayer structure, the obtained supercapacitor exhibits an ultrahigh areal energy density of 2.1 mWh cm−2, excellent cycling stability, and outstanding low‐temperature foldability.
The fabrication of high‐resolution patterns on flexible substrates is an essential step in the development of flexible electronics. However, the patterning process on flexible substrates often ...requires expensive equipment and tedious lithographic processing. Here, a bottom‐up patterning technique, termed electrochemical replication and transfer (ERT) is reported, which fabricates multiscale patterns of a wide variety of materials by selective electrodeposition of target materials on a predefined template, and subsequent transfer of the electrodeposited materials to a flexible substrate, while leaving the undamaged template for reuse for over 100 times. The additive and parallel patterning attribute of ERT allows the fabrication of multiscale patterns with resolutions spanning from sub‐100 nm to many centimeters simultaneously, which overcomes the trade‐off between resolution and throughput of conventional patterning techniques. ERT is suitable for fabricating a wide variety of materials including metals, semiconductors, metal oxides, and polymers into arbitrary shapes on flexible substrates at a very low cost.
A new additive patterning technique, named electrochemical replication and transfer, is developed to pattern a wide variety of metals, semiconductors, and polymers with resolutions spanning from sub‐100 nm to many centimeters on flexible substrates at low cost and high throughput.
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•Water-based phytic acid-crosslinked supramolecular binders were prepared.•The binder was used for high-energy-density lithium-sulfur batteries.•Three-dimensional porous carbon was ...used as sulfur hosts.•The high discharge capacity was achieved at a high sulfur loading.
Rechargeable Li-S batteries have drawn much attention because of their high theoretical energy density (2600 Wh kg−1) and environmental friendliness. However, Li-S batteries undergo complex phase transitions and large volume changes during the charge-discharge process, which greatly decreases the lifetimes of Li-S batteries. Here, we investigate the use of water-based phytic acid-crosslinked supramolecular binders in the sulfur cathode to prolong charge-discharge cycling of Li-S batteries. The supramolecular binder is fabricated with a mixture of phosphorylated soybean protein isolate (P-SPI), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and phytic acid (PA), which is denoted by SPP. Strong adsorption of polysulfides by the SPP binder is verified by using UV–vis spectroscopy with an in situ battery. In the sulfur cathodes, the three-dimensional carbon (3DC) with the specific surface area of 2208 m2/g and the total pore volume of 1.64 cm3/g is used as sulfur hosts. The high discharge capacity of 932.8 mAh g−1 is achieved by SPP-based Li-S batteries at a high sulfur loading of 8.9 mg cm−2 at 0.1C. A discharge capacity at 1C is 629.7 mAh g−1, with stable cycling over 800 charge-discharge cycles, and a capacity attenuation of only 0.0298% per cycle. The coulombic efficiency remained at 99.7%. The new type of water-based supramolecular polymer binder has high potential for use in high-energy-density Li-S batteries.
(A) Axial contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) of the thorax showed dependent patchy consolidation and ground glass change (white arrow) in right upper lobe of lung, in keeping with clinical history of ...massive haemoptysis. Ultrasonography of the thyroid is useful for rapid and non-invasive diagnosis of thyroid malignancy at bedside.4–6 Nodal metastases and extrathyroidal extension (ETE) are readily detectable by ultrasonography.4 7 An additional advantage is the ability to increase diagnostic yield of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) with ultrasound guidance as compared with palpation-guided FNAB.6 Ultrasonographic features suggestive of thyroid malignancy include marked hypoechogenicity, irregular margins, punctate microcalcifications and chaotic intrinsic hypervascularity,4 5 8 all of which were present in our case. Gross ETE into adjacent structures including strap muscle, trachea and recurrent laryngeal nerve are important sonographic features of locally advanced thyroid cancers.7 Locally invasive thyroid cancer should not be missed as a differential diagnosis of massive haemoptysis, especially when initial workup for common causes is non-revealing.
Metallafuran complexes with a fused five‐membered phosphonium ring were synthesized from reactions between terminal ynones HC≡C(C=O)R and cis‐Ru/Os(dppm)2Cl2 (dppm=1,1‐bis(diphenylphosphino)methane). ...A metal–vinylidene‐involving pathway was found to be an energetically feasible formation mechanism for these complexes. These phosphonium‐containing metallafurans, like many phosphonium‐functionalized drugs, have the ability to induce mitochondrial dysfunction. They also exhibit stronger cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines in comparison with their metal precursors and the classic anticancer drug cisplatin. Overall, this work provides structural and mechanistic insights for the rational design of functional metallacycles via activation of alkynes by RuII and OsII centers.
Ruthenafuran and osmafuran with a fused five‐membered phosphonium ring can be synthesized from reactions between terminal ynones HC≡C(C=O)R and cis‐Ru/Os(dppm)2Cl2 (dppm=1,1‐bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, see scheme). The metallafurans are able to induce mitochondrial dysfunction, and exhibit stronger cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines in comparison with their metal precursors and the classic anticancer drug cisplatin.
Medicinal plants of the
Dendrobium
genus are highly prized, and hence, methodologies have been developed to authenticate
Dendrobium
drugs from its adulterants. Many bioactive constituents of
...Dendrobium
species have been identified. The macromolecules included lectins; the enzymes chalcone synthase, sucrose synthase, and cytokinin oxidase; and polysaccharides. The polysaccharides display immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective activities. Alkaloids exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, and neuroprotective activities. Other compounds manifest antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory.
Abstract
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and red cell distribution width (RDW) are emerging biomarkers to predict ...outcomes in general ward patients. However, their role in the prognostication of critically ill patients with pneumonia is unclear. A total of 216 adult patients were enrolled over 2 years. They were classified into viral and bacterial pneumonia groups, as represented by influenza A virus and
Streptococcus pneumoniae,
respectively. Demographics, outcomes, and laboratory parameters were analysed. The prognostic power of blood parameters was determined by the respective area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Performance was compared using the APACHE IV score. Discriminant ability in differentiating viral and bacterial aetiologies was examined. Viral and bacterial pneumonia were identified in 111 and 105 patients, respectively. In predicting hospital mortality, the APACHE IV score was the best prognostic score compared with all blood parameters studied (AUC 0.769, 95% CI 0.705–0.833). In classification tree analysis, the most significant predictor of hospital mortality was the APACHE IV score (adjusted P = 0.000, χ
2
= 35.591). Mechanical ventilation was associated with higher hospital mortality in patients with low APACHE IV scores ≤ 70 (adjusted P = 0.014, χ
2
= 5.999). In patients with high APACHE IV scores > 90, age > 78 (adjusted P = 0.007, χ
2
= 11.221) and thrombocytopaenia (platelet count ≤ 128, adjusted P = 0.004, χ
2
= 12.316) were predictive of higher hospital mortality. The APACHE IV score is superior to all blood parameters studied in predicting hospital mortality. The single inflammatory marker with comparable prognostic performance to the APACHE IV score is platelet count at 48 h. However, there is no ideal biomarker for differentiating between viral and bacterial pneumonia.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent malignant disease and the primary reason for cancer-related mortality among men globally. GLIS1 (GLIS family zinc finger 1) is a key regulator in various ...pathologies. However, the expression pattern, clinical relevance, and immunomodulatory function of GLIS1 in PCa remain unclear. In this study, GLIS1 was discovered to serve as a key gene in PCa by integrating mRNA and miRNA expression profiles from GEO database. We systematically explored the expression and prognostic values of GLIS1 in cancers using multiple databases. Additionally, we examined the functions of GLIS1 and the relationship between GLIS1 expression levels and immune infiltration in PCa. Results showed that GLIS1 was differentially expressed between normal and tumor tissues in various cancer types and was significantly low-expressed in PCa. Low GLIS1 expression was associated with poor PCa prognosis. GLIS1 was also involved in the activation, proliferation, differentiation, and migration of immune cells, and its expression showed a positive correlation with the infiltration of various immune cells. Moreover, GLIS1 expression was positively associated with various chemokines/chemokine receptors, indicating the involvement in regulating immune cell migration. In summary, GLIS1 is a potential prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target to modulate anti-tumor immune response in PCa.
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